saliva as dna’s source

23
SALIVA as DNA’S SOURCE FOR DNA TESTING BY: DR.AGUNG SOSIAWAN,DRG, M.KES

Upload: hillary-desiree-r

Post on 02-Jan-2016

175 views

Category:

Documents


7 download

DESCRIPTION

saliva dna

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

SALIVA as DNA’S SOURCE

FOR DNA TESTINGBY:

DR.AGUNG SOSIAWAN,DRG, M.KES

Page 2: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE
Page 3: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Sources of Biological Evidence

• Blood• Semen• Saliva• Urine• Hair• Teeth• Bone• Tissue

Page 4: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE
Page 5: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Collection of Bite Mark Evidence

Label with a ruler Swab for saliva Swab for DNA analysis Swab for microorganisms Photograph the bite mark Make impression of the bite mark Cast of teeth made from suspect to

compare to impression

Page 6: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Various Bite Marks

Page 7: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Analyzing bite marks

Bite marks are photographed with a scale Bite marks on skin are taken

over repeated intervals Casts of impression are

taken Impression traced onto

transparencies Casts of suspects teeth

are taken Comparison between

suspect cast and bite mark

Page 8: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Comparison of Evidence

Evidence of saliva (amylase) proves it is a bite mark

Finding positive association between the ABO blood type in the bite mark and the saliva of the suspect means the suspect cannot be excluded as the biter

DNA keep suspect from being excluded Similar microorganisms in bite and suspect keep

him from being excluded Comparison of casts and impressions

Page 9: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Collection of Suspect Evidence

Swab mouth of suspect for amylase, ABO blood grouping and DNA

Swab gums for microbiology analysis Photograph suspect’s teeth and biting patterns Make impression of suspect’s teeth for the

making of casts Record biting pattern in semi-solid material to

compare with bite mark

Page 10: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Terms

Amylase: Enzyme group responsible for the

catalysis of starches, specifically amylose and amylopectin. Found in human saliva

Page 11: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Criminalistics

Saliva Evidence

Submit evidence in its entirety, if possible

Can be collected using sterile swabs Use one slightly moistened swab,

followed by one dry swab

Collect a control Package separately

Page 12: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Alat & Bahan: -mikropipet 100ul-1000ul -beaker glass 50 ml -conical tube -aqua water -centrifuge 12.000 rpm

Praktikum collecting saliva:

Page 13: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Saliva untuk keperluan analisis DNA

Complex mixture of enzymes, cells, proteins, leukosit, inorganic substances

Darah :2 komponen utama

Red Blood Cells = No DNA

White Blood Cells = DNA

Komponen saliva :

Page 14: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Sample Volume: Whole saliva, dengan volume 500 μL

Untuk hasil yang bagus direcommendasikan melakukan collecting saliva sebanyak 2 kali, dimana sampel saliva kedua diambil 15 menit setelah “initial collection”.

Collection for DNA Analysis

Page 15: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

DNA EXTRACTION RESULT

Page 16: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Kumur mulut dengan air aqua untuk menghilangkan sisa makanan, dan tunggu selama 10 menit sebelum dilakukan pengambilan saliva

Diinstruksikan pada mahasiswa yang akan diambil salivanya untuk “menghasilkan”saliva sebanyak-banyaknya, untuk membayangkan sdg mengkonsumsi makanan favorit mereka dsb,

Disiapkan beaker glass 50 ml yang digunakan untuk menampung saliva yang berasal dari RM sampel

Tahapan Praktikum

Page 17: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Sampel saliva yang akan diperiksa divortex, dan kemudian dilakukan centrifuge selama 15 menit dengan kecepatan sekitar 3,000 RPM (1500 x g).

Pemeriksaan harus dilakukan hanya pada “clear saliva”, untuk menghindari adanya sedimen yang ada pada dasar tabung.

Kemudian dilakukan aspirasi secara perlahan untuk menghindari terbentuknya “bubbles”.

Sampel siap dilakukan ekstraksi dan isolasi DNA

Lanjutan tahapan Praktikum:

Page 18: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

1. To Sample add Digest Buffer:SDS, EDTA, Tris, Proteinase K

3. Add Phenol/Chloroform

Cells

Digested cells: DNA, Proteins, lipidsPhenol/Chloroform

DNA/RNAProteins

Lipids

DNA/RNALipids

Proteins

2. Incubate at 56°C

4. Vortex; centrifuge

5. Transfer DNA-containing aqueous layer into new microfuge tube

DNA is separated:

Organic Extraction 1 – Phenol/Chloroform

Page 19: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

Fungsi komponen ekstraksi DNA

fenol-kloroform yang berfungsi sebagai pendenaturasi protein. Presipitasi DNA dengan menggunakan etanol,berfungsi sebagai penghilang fenol-kloroform(apabila fenol-kloroform masih berada di dalam sampel maka dikhawatirkan akan menghambat kerja enzim-enzim restriksi atau enzim lain yang digunakan untuk analisis molekuler).Etanol absolut untuk presipitasi : menghilangkan kontaminan. Isopropanol dingin untuk mengendapkan DNA SDS adalah sejenis deterjen yang mampu mengemulsi lipid.Etanol 70% untuk presipitasi lanjutan. mendapatkan pelet DNA krn berfungsi memekatkan DNA

Page 20: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

METODE ISOLASI DNA DENGAN DNAZOL DARI SAMPEL SALIVA

  Sampel saliva dimasukkan kedalam tabung

sentrifus Sampel disentrifus dengan kecepatan 12.000 rpm

selama 10 menit Supernatan hasil pemusingan dibuang Endapan / pellet ditambah dengan DNAZol 1 cc

kemudian divortex Inkubasi selama 15 menit Tambahkan chloroform 0,2 cc kemudian divortex Centifuge 8000 rpm selama 15 menit

Page 21: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

LANJUTAN….

Ambil supernatan dengan hati-hati, lalu dimasukkan kedalam eppendorf tube baru

Tambahkan isopropanol 0,5 cc, dihomogenkan dengan cara dibolak balik dengan pelan.

Inkubasi 15 menit Centrifuge 12.000 rpm selama 10 menit Buang supernatan Cuci pellet dengan etanol 70 % sebanyak 0,5 cc Centrifuge 12.000 rpm selama 5 menit Buang supernatan. Pellet ditambah aquadest steril sebanyak 50 µl.

Page 22: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE

References10.  “Forensic Odontology.” Dental Students: The dental students network.

(2000). 30 Jan 2005 <http://www.studentdoctor.net/dental/forensics.html>11.  “Forensic Odontology.” (2004). 27 Feb 2005

http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/425/425lect16.htm>12.  “Forensic Odontology.” The thin blue line: information section. 27 Feb 2005

<http://www.policensw.com/info/forensic/forensic5.html>.13.  James, S., Nordby, J., Eds. Forensic science: an introduction to scientific and

investigative techniques. CRC Press, New York, 2003.14.  Kouble, R., Craig, G. A comparison between direct and indirect methods

available for human bite mark analysis. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49(1).15.  Lee, S., Choi, J., Yoon, C., Kim, C., Shin, K., The diversity of dental patterns in

orthopantomography and its significance in human identification. J Forensic Science 2004; 49(4).

16.  Lewis, C. Leventhal, L. Locator system versus WinID3 versus CAPM14: identifying vicims from dental remains in a large disaster. J of Forensic Identification 2004; 52(4):185-202.

17.  Martin-de las Heras, S., Valenzuela, A., Ogayar, C., Valverde, A., Torres, J., Computer-based production of comparison overlays from 3D-scanned dental casts for bite mark analysis. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50(1).

Page 23: SALIVA  as DNA’S SOURCE