Salivary Gland =D

Bailie Van Leuven

Focus!

• What are the different types of salivary glands?

• What does saliva do?

Where is it?

• In the mouth =D

Sublingual gland Parotid Gland

Submandibular Gland

Anatomy & Physiology

The Salivary glands are situated at the entrance of the gastrointestinal system.

• Parotid GlandsParotid Glands• Largest of the glandsLargest of the glands

• Located in the subcutaneous tissues of the face overlying the mandibular ramus and anterior and Located in the subcutaneous tissues of the face overlying the mandibular ramus and anterior and inferior to the external ear.inferior to the external ear.

• Only about 25% of saliva is produced here.Only about 25% of saliva is produced here.

• Secretes a serous substance.Secretes a serous substance.

• enters the oral cavity through the Stensen's duct after passing through the intercalated ducts enters the oral cavity through the Stensen's duct after passing through the intercalated ducts

• Submandibular GlandsSubmandibular Glands• Much smaller than the Parotid GlandsMuch smaller than the Parotid Glands

• Located beneath the floor of the mouth, superior to the digastric muscles.Located beneath the floor of the mouth, superior to the digastric muscles.

• 70% of Saliva is produced70% of Saliva is produced

• Secretion is a mixture of serous and mucus.Secretion is a mixture of serous and mucus.

• Enters oral cavity through the Whartons duct.Enters oral cavity through the Whartons duct.

….

• Sublingual GlandsSublingual Glands– Located beneath the floor of the mouth anterior to the submandibular glandsLocated beneath the floor of the mouth anterior to the submandibular glands

– The secretion is mainly mucous.The secretion is mainly mucous.

– They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts called the ducts of Rivinus.They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts called the ducts of Rivinus.

– Produces 5% of the saliva.Produces 5% of the saliva.

• Minor Salivary GlandsMinor Salivary Glands– Over 600 minor glands located in the oral cavity.Over 600 minor glands located in the oral cavity.

– Secretion is mainly mucousSecretion is mainly mucous

– Coats the oral cavity in saliva.Coats the oral cavity in saliva.

• Von Ebner’s GlandsVon Ebner’s Glands– found in circumvallate papillae of the tonguefound in circumvallate papillae of the tongue

– Secretes a serous fluid that begins liquid hydrosis/ essential to tasteSecretes a serous fluid that begins liquid hydrosis/ essential to taste

Sjögren's Syndrome Sjögren's Syndrome D=D=

• What is it?What is it?– It’s an autoimmune disorder where immune cells attack and destroy the It’s an autoimmune disorder where immune cells attack and destroy the

exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.

– 9 out of 10 patients are women & usually begins in the late 40’s.9 out of 10 patients are women & usually begins in the late 40’s.

– Second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease.Second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms

• Associated with rheumatoid arthritis.Associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

• Dry mouth and eyes.Dry mouth and eyes.

• Dryness of the skin and noseDryness of the skin and nose

• May affect other organs, such as kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, liver, May affect other organs, such as kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, liver, pancreas, and brain.pancreas, and brain.

• Lacrimal function declinesLacrimal function declines

Diagnoses ProcessDiagnoses Process

• Blood tests can be done to determine if a patient has high levels of Blood tests can be done to determine if a patient has high levels of antibodies that are indicative of the condition, such as anti-nuclear antibodies that are indicative of the condition, such as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (because SS frequently occurs antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (because SS frequently occurs secondary to rheumatoid arthritis)secondary to rheumatoid arthritis)

• Lip biopsy to search for lymphocytes clustered around the salivary glands.Lip biopsy to search for lymphocytes clustered around the salivary glands.

• A contrast agent is injected into the parotid duct. Widespread puddling of A contrast agent is injected into the parotid duct. Widespread puddling of the injected contrast scattered throughout the gland indicates Sjögren's the injected contrast scattered throughout the gland indicates Sjögren's syndromesyndrome

TreatmentsTreatments

• There is not permanent cure for SS.There is not permanent cure for SS.

• Can cure symptoms through: Can cure symptoms through: • moisture replacement therapies moisture replacement therapies

• Perscription drugs used to stimulate salivary flowPerscription drugs used to stimulate salivary flow

• Prevantative Dental Treatment (flouride, teeth cleanings, Prevantative Dental Treatment (flouride, teeth cleanings,

FactoidsFactoids

• Most animals have salivary glands resembling humans.Most animals have salivary glands resembling humans.

• Ducts carry the secretions of the salivary glands into the Ducts carry the secretions of the salivary glands into the mouth cavitymouth cavity

• Saliva helps to keep the mouth moist, softens the food, and Saliva helps to keep the mouth moist, softens the food, and converts starch to sugar, which initiates the process of converts starch to sugar, which initiates the process of digestion digestion

• The flow of saliva is stimulated by the presence of food in The flow of saliva is stimulated by the presence of food in your mouth.your mouth.

• Salivary Glands secrete amylase.

• Amylase breaks down starch into glucose

• In insects, salivary glands also produce proteins like silk, and glues.

Works Cited

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren's_syndrome

• http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/salivary_glands.aspx