salmo trutta lacustris - dbsm .pdf/salmotrutta.pdfmax. age: 5 years body fusiform, mouth in terminal...
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Salmo trutta
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Genus Salmo
SPECIESSalmo carpio
SUBSPECIESSalmo [trutta] trutta
SUBSPECIESSalmo [trutta] marmoratus
SUBSPECIESSalmo [trutta] macrostigma
SPECIESSalmo trutta
GENUSSalmo
GENUSSalvelinus
GENUSOnchorynchus
FAMILYSalmonidae
?Atlantic Strain
Mediterranean Strain
By the Courtesy of Prof. G. Forneris
TaxonomyKingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ChordataSubphylum: Vertebrata
Superclass: Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Class: Actinopterygii (spiny rayed fishes)
Subclass: NeopterygiiInfraclass: Teleostei
Superorder: ProtacanthopterygiiOrder: Salmoniformes
Family: SalmonidaeSubfamily: Salmoninae
Genus: Salmo Linnaeus, 1758Species: Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
Trout and ParasitesAcanthocephala: Acanthocephalus clavula, Neoechinorhynchus rutili,
Pomphorhynchus laevisCestoda: Cyathocephalus truncatus, Eubothrium crassum and E.salvelini,
Proteocephalus longicollis Ectoparasitic: Argulus coregoni, Caligus elongatus, Lepeophtheirus salmonisMonogeneans: Gyrodactylus derjavini, truttae and G. salaris Nematoda: Cystidicola farionis, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Raphidascaris
acusTrematoda:Crepidostomum farionis, C. metoecus
Fungi: Ichthyophonus hoferi spores
Links
Taxonomy browser, NCBIFish BaseIntegrated Taxonomy Information System , ITISIstituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR-ISECenter for Fish Disease Research, Oregon State University
Salmo trutta fario
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Morphology
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Max. Length: 1 m (adultsfor reproduction). 30-50 cm in natural habitatsMax. Weight: 20.0 kgMax. Age: 5 years
Body fusiform, mouth in terminal position, with well developed teeth.Many different colours, mainly silver-grey, spotted on flanks and head. Spots red, or brown, or black.Fins: 1 caudal, 2 dorsal, 1 anal. Paired: 2 pectoral, 2 pelvic.Diagnostic: Caudal fin with 18 to 20 soft rays.Vertebrae: 56-59.
Habitat and feedingHabitat: demersal; non-migratory; freshwater. Often found in fast-flowing streams of mountain and sub-mountainous regions andsometimes even valleys. Even in brackish and marine waters. Temperature: 2-16°C.Distribution: southward to southern Norway; Iceland; southern Greenland. Frequent on Italian Alps in natural habitats. Populationsare mostly introduced or hybrid.Feeding: Feeds on benthic invertebrates, insect larvae,aerial insects (in rivers) and molluscs. In addition, adults consume fish and frogs. Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Torrente a flusso veloce, Provincia di Torino,Italy
Reproduction
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Reproduction: dioecism, external fertilization.Spawning : 1500-2000 eggs/Kg body weight, once per year, later in autumn and at the beginning of winter. Eggs: spherical, 4-6 mm in diameter, orange. White ifnon fertilized.Hatching: at 10°C, 41 days after
spawning.Sexual maturity: at 3-5 years.
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Salmo trutta fario (adapted to lacustrine habitat)
MorphologyMax. Length: 40-50 cm (over 1 m in intensive aquaculture).Max. weight: 15 Kg.
Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi
Body fusiform, but shorter than in the previous subspecies. Colour: blue-green on upper part of body, silver-grey and spottedon flanks. Spots are quite dark, or blackish, sometimes X shaped. Other features are similar to those previously described.
Habitat and feeding.
Habitat: pelagic, anadromous.Prefers cold, well-oxygenated upland waters and large streams in the prealpine areas. Species is pelagic, with seasonal migration at different depths.Feeding: Juveniles feed mainly on zooplankton andterrestrial insects; adults onmollusks, crustaceans andsmall fishes.
Foto
: A.G
.Cat
tane
o
Reproduction
Deposition: 1600-2700 eggs/Kg body weight, once per year, later in autumn until early winter, in tributaryrivers (“homing”). Female with its caudalfin buries a nest, in which eggs are spawned before nest isclosed. Sexual maturity isreached at 4-7 years(earlier in male). Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi