Salts

What is a salt?

• A salt is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions of a base• Neutrilization is a chemical reaction

between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution, the products of which are water and salts

Acid/Base Reactions

• The general formula for an acid/base reaction is acid + base -> salt + water

Salt• Salt is important for all animals• Salts are also used in many industries

Name Common Name Uses

Sodium chloride Salt FoodSodium hydrogen carbonate

Baking Soda Food, antacids

Calcium carbonate Chalk Manufacture of paint and tiresPotassium nitrate Saltpeter FertilizersPotassium carbonate

Potash Manufacture of soap and glass

Sodium phosphate TSP Detergents

Ammonium chloride

Sal ammoniac Dry-cell batteries

Titration• The process in which a solution of known

concentration is used to determain the concentration of another• The standard acid or base solution is added to

the unknown acid or base solution containing an indicator• Slowly add known solution until the entire

solution changes color• At this point all of one substance has been

neutralized• Using the known volume of standard solution

used the concentration of the unknown can be calculated

Soaps & Detergents

• Soaps are organic salts with a nonpolar organic chain of carbon atoms at one end and a polar sodium or potassium salt at the other.• They are made from a reaction of acids and

other chemicals• The nonpolar end attatches to oils and dirt,

while the polar end binds with water• Detergents are synthetic soaps that form

more soluble salts

Versatile Esters

• Esters are organic counterparts to salts• They are made from alchohols and acids.• They are used to make artificial flavorings

and perfumes• Polyesters are synthetic fibers made of

many esters in chains