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Salvage Excavation Reports
No. 5Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Tel Aviv University
E m e r y a n d C l a i r e Y a s s P u b l i c a t i o n s i n A r c h a e o l o g y
P.O.B. 39040, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
5
Salv
age Excavatio
n R
eports
TEL AVIV - 2008
RAMLA (SOUTH)AN EARLY ISLAMIC INDUSTRIAL SITEAND REMAINS OF PREVIOUS PERIODS
Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel
Contributions by:N. Amitai-Preiss, I. C. Freestone, R. E. Jackson-Tal,
I. Samet, R. Shimelmitz, D. Sweeney, A.Yasur-Landau
Salvage Excavation ReportsSonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Tel Aviv University
No. 5
Published by the Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology(Bequeathed by the Yass Estate, Sydney, Australia)of the Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University
Editors Moshe Fischer Ze’ev Herzog
Assistant Editor Na‘ama Scheftelowitz
Manuscript & Production Editor Shirley Gassner
ISSN 1565-5407
©
Copyright 2008
All rights reserved
Printed in Israel by Top Print
CONTENTS
Foreword 5Chapter 1 THE SITE AND ITS EXCAVATION HISTORY 7
Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel
Chapter 2 THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE 16 STRATIGRAPHY AND POTTERY 16 Assaf Yasur-Landau and Inbal Samet A SCARAB STAMPED IMPRESSION 27 Deborah Sweeney FLINT TOOLS 29 Ron ShimelmitzAPPENDIX I: A NOTE ON THREE IRON AGE I(?) VESSELS 32 Assaf Yasur-Landau
Chapter 3 THE PERSIAN, LATE HELLENISTIC AND EARLY ROMANPERIODS
33
Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel
Chapter 4 THE LATE ROMAN AND EARLY BYZANTINE PERIODS 40Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel
Chapter 5 THE LATE BYZANTINE AND EARLY UMAYYAD PERIODS 47Oren Tal and Itamar TaxelARCHITECTURAL FEATURES 47 DOMESTIC COMPLEX 47 OIL PRESS COMPLEX 53 WINE PRESSES 59 POTTERY KILNS 63A SECONDARY GLASS WORKSHOP 66Oren Tal, Ruth E. Jackson-Tal and Ian C. FreestoneADDITIONAL BYZANTINE POTTERY 76Oren Tal and Itamar TaxelSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 78Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel
Chapter 6 THE LATE UMAYYAD, >ABBASID AND FATIMID PERIODS 81Oren Tal and Itamar TaxelARCHITECTURAL FEATURES 84 CISTERNS 84 PIPES AND CHANNELS 90 POOLS 100 SUBTERRANEAN VAULTED CHAMBERS 111 PAVED WORKING SURFACES 115 REFUSE PIT 122 INDUSTRY 123FINDS 125
Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel POTTERY: TYPOLOGICAL DISCUSSION 125 SELECTED LOCI 160 GLASS VESSELS 166 Ruth E. Jackson-Tal STONE OBJECTS 185 METAL OBJECTS 197 BONE ARTEFACTS AND SHELLS 203
EARLY ISLAMIC WEIGHTS 205 Oren Tal
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 210Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel
Chapter 7 NUMISMATIC FINDS 214PRE-ISLAMIC COINS 214Oren TalISLAMIC COINS 219Nitzan Amitai-Preiss
Historical Sources 223References 223List of Loci 239List of Walls 254List of Pottery and Glass Finds 257General Site Plan of the 2005-2006 Seasons Back Pocket