salvage & overhaul
DESCRIPTION
Salvage & Overhaul. VALUE OF LOSS CONTROL (SALVAGE & OVERHAUL OPERATIONS). TS 16 –1. Adds value to the department’s services Promotes fire fighting as a craft Builds goodwill within the community Receives praise and recognition in the media Gives firefighters a feeling of accomplishment - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SalvageSalvage&&
OverhaulOverhaul
VALUE OF LOSS CONTROL VALUE OF LOSS CONTROL (SALVAGE & OVERHAUL OPERATIONS)(SALVAGE & OVERHAUL OPERATIONS)
• Adds value to the department’s servicesAdds value to the department’s services
• Promotes fire fighting as a craftPromotes fire fighting as a craft
• Builds goodwill within the communityBuilds goodwill within the community
• Receives praise and recognition in the mediaReceives praise and recognition in the media
• Gives firefighters a feeling of accomplishmentGives firefighters a feeling of accomplishment
• Leads to better morale and efficiency among Leads to better morale and efficiency among firefightersfirefighters
TS 16–1
PURPOSE OF SALVAGEPURPOSE OF SALVAGE
To reduce damage from To reduce damage from fire, smoke, water, heat, cold, or weather fire, smoke, water, heat, cold, or weather
during and after a fireduring and after a fire
TS 16–2
PURPOSES OF OVERHAULPURPOSES OF OVERHAUL
• To search out and extinguish hidden firesTo search out and extinguish hidden fires
• To protect the scene after the fireTo protect the scene after the fire
• To preserve evidence of the fire’s origin and To preserve evidence of the fire’s origin and causecause
• To restore premises to safe conditionTo restore premises to safe condition
TS 16–3
SALVAGE PLANNINGSALVAGE PLANNING
• Salvage SOPsSalvage SOPs
• Special preplans for buildings with high-value Special preplans for buildings with high-value contentscontents
• Awareness of contents vital to businesses in Awareness of contents vital to businesses in commercial occupanciescommercial occupancies
• Working with loss control representatives of Working with loss control representatives of local businesseslocal businesses
TS 16–4
SALVAGE PROCEDURESSALVAGE PROCEDURES
• When to begin salvage operationsWhen to begin salvage operations
• Coordinating salvage with fire attackCoordinating salvage with fire attack
• How to arrange and protect building contentsHow to arrange and protect building contents
• Commercial occupancy challengesCommercial occupancy challenges
• Removing large quantities of waterRemoving large quantities of water
TS 16–5
HOW TO ARRANGE & HOW TO ARRANGE & PROTECT BUILDING CONTENTSPROTECT BUILDING CONTENTS
• Gathering in close piles in center of roomGathering in close piles in center of room
• Placing high objects at ends of piles and using Placing high objects at ends of piles and using rolled rugs as ridgepolesrolled rugs as ridgepoles
• Placing small objects (pictures, curtains, Placing small objects (pictures, curtains, lamps) on larger objects such as couches or lamps) on larger objects such as couches or bedsbeds
• Using water-resistant materials to raise Using water-resistant materials to raise furniture off wet floorsfurniture off wet floors
TS 16–6
COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL OCCUPANCY CHALLENGESOCCUPANCY CHALLENGES
Ceiling-to-floor Display ShelvesCeiling-to-floor Display Shelves
Contents Stacked too Close to CeilingContents Stacked too Close to Ceiling
Unpalleted StorageUnpalleted Storage
High-piled StockHigh-piled Stock
TS 16–7
TYPICAL SALVAGE TYPICAL SALVAGE EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
• Automatic sprinkler Automatic sprinkler kit kit
• Carryall Carryall
• Floor runnerFloor runner
• Dewatering deviceDewatering device
TS 16–11
• Water vacuum Water vacuum
• SqueegeeSqueegee
• Mop and wringer Mop and wringer bucketbucket
CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR REMOVING & ROUTING WATER REMOVING & ROUTING WATER
Water Chute Water Chute
Spliced Chutes Spliced Chutes
CatchallCatchall
TS 16–13
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDELINES FOR COVERING OPENINGS COVERING OPENINGS
• Cover all exterior openings.Cover all exterior openings.
• Cover broken or missing doors or windows Cover broken or missing doors or windows with plywood, heavy plastic, or similar with plywood, heavy plastic, or similar materials.materials.
• Cover openings in roofs with plywood, roofing Cover openings in roofs with plywood, roofing paper, heavy plastic sheeting, or tar paper.paper, heavy plastic sheeting, or tar paper.
• Tack down edges of tar paper or plastic with Tack down edges of tar paper or plastic with lath and roofing nails.lath and roofing nails.
TS 16–14
DEFINITION OF OVERHAUL DEFINITION OF OVERHAUL
The practice of searching a fire scene to detect The practice of searching a fire scene to detect hidden fires or sparks that may rekindlehidden fires or sparks that may rekindle
and to identify the possible point of origin and to identify the possible point of origin and cause of fireand cause of fire
TS 16–15
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT TOOLS & EQUIPMENT USED IN OVERHAUL USED IN OVERHAUL
• Electronic sensorsElectronic sensors
• Pike polesPike poles
• AxesAxes
TS 16–16
• Battery-powered Battery-powered saws, drills, and saws, drills, and screwdriversscrewdrivers
• Carryalls, buckets, Carryalls, buckets, and tubsand tubs
• Shovels, bale hooks, Shovels, bale hooks, and pitchforksand pitchforks
OVERHAUL SAFETY OVERHAUL SAFETY GUIDELINES & PROCEDURES GUIDELINES & PROCEDURES
• Make sure that your very first overhaul step is Make sure that your very first overhaul step is determining the condition of the building.determining the condition of the building.
• Wear proper protective clothing, including Wear proper protective clothing, including positive-pressure SCBA.positive-pressure SCBA.
• Wear eye protection when it is safe to remove Wear eye protection when it is safe to remove breathing apparatus.breathing apparatus.
• Use 1½-inch Use 1½-inch (38 mm)(38 mm) or 1¾-inch or 1¾-inch (45 mm) (45 mm) charged attack lines for extinguishing hidden charged attack lines for extinguishing hidden fires.fires.
TS 16–17a
OVERHAUL SAFETY OVERHAUL SAFETY GUIDELINES & PROCEDURES (cont.) GUIDELINES & PROCEDURES (cont.)
• Extinguish small hidden fires during minor Extinguish small hidden fires during minor overhaul operations with air-pressurized water overhaul operations with air-pressurized water extinguishers or booster lines, backed up by at extinguishers or booster lines, backed up by at least one attack line.least one attack line.
• Avoid additional water damage.Avoid additional water damage.
TS 16–17b
AVOIDING ADDITIONAL AVOIDING ADDITIONAL WATER DAMAGE WATER DAMAGE
• Place nozzle in such a way that if it is Place nozzle in such a way that if it is accidentally opened it will cause no additional accidentally opened it will cause no additional water damage.water damage.
• Tighten or repair leaking couplings.Tighten or repair leaking couplings.
• Use a 100-foot Use a 100-foot (30 m)(30 m) length of hose as the first length of hose as the first section on attack lines.section on attack lines.
TS 16–18
PRIMARY FACTORS PRIMARY FACTORS AFFECTING BUILDING CONDITION AFFECTING BUILDING CONDITION
Fire IntensityFire Intensity
Amount of Water UsedAmount of Water Used
TS 16–19
SIGNS OF DANGEROUS SIGNS OF DANGEROUS BUILDING CONDITIONS BUILDING CONDITIONS
• Weakened floors due Weakened floors due to floor joists being to floor joists being burned awayburned away
• Concrete that has Concrete that has spalled due to heatspalled due to heat
• Weakened steel roof Weakened steel roof membersmembers
• Walls offset because Walls offset because of elongation of steel of elongation of steel roof supportsroof supports
TS 16–20
• Weakened roof trusses Weakened roof trusses due to burn-through of due to burn-through of key memberskey members
• Mortar in wall joints Mortar in wall joints opened because of opened because of excessive heatexcessive heat
• Wall ties holding veneer Wall ties holding veneer walls melted from heatwalls melted from heat
INDICATORS OF INDICATORS OF HIDDEN FIRES HIDDEN FIRES
• SightSight
Discoloration of materials
Peeling paint
Smoke emissions from cracks
Cracked plaster
Rippled wallpaper
Burned areas
TS 16–21
• Touch — Touch — Feel walls and floors for heat with the back of the hand
• SoundSound
Popping or cracking of fire burning
Hissing of steam
CHECKING FOR & CHECKING FOR & EXTINGUISHING FIRE EXTENSIONEXTINGUISHING FIRE EXTENSION
• If floor beams are burned at their ends where they If floor beams are burned at their ends where they enter a party wall—enter a party wall—
Flush with water.
Check far side of wall and extinguish as necessary.
Remove, check, and extinguish insulation materials.
• If fire has burned around doors and windows, If fire has burned around doors and windows, open door and window casings and extinguish open door and window casings and extinguish fires.fires.
TS 16–22a
CHECKING FOR & CHECKING FOR & EXTINGUISHING FIRE EXTENSION (cont.)EXTINGUISHING FIRE EXTENSION (cont.)
• If fire has burned around a combustible roof or If fire has burned around a combustible roof or cornice, open the cornice and inspect for cornice, open the cornice and inspect for hidden fires.hidden fires.
• If sensory or electronic sensor indicates, If sensory or electronic sensor indicates, remove materials and extinguish hidden fires in remove materials and extinguish hidden fires in concealed spaces below floors, above ceilings, concealed spaces below floors, above ceilings, or within walls.or within walls.
TS 16–22b
REMOVING DEBRIS & WATERREMOVING DEBRIS & WATER
• Use carryalls (debris bags) to remove debris.Use carryalls (debris bags) to remove debris.
To catch falling debris
To provide a water basin for immersing small burning objects
• Use water vacuums, scoops, shovels, mop Use water vacuums, scoops, shovels, mop wringers and buckets, submersible pumps to wringers and buckets, submersible pumps to remove water.remove water.
TS 16–23
FIREFIGHTER’S RESPONSIBILITY FIREFIGHTER’S RESPONSIBILITY IN PROTECTING EVIDENCE IN PROTECTING EVIDENCE
• The fire chief has the legal responsibility within The fire chief has the legal responsibility within most jurisdictions for determining the cause of a most jurisdictions for determining the cause of a fire.fire.
• Questions first-arriving firefighters should ask:Questions first-arriving firefighters should ask:
Are room contents as they normally would be? Are rooms either ransacked or unusually bare?
Are doors and windows locked or open? Is there evidence of forced entry prior to arrival of firefighters?
Are there indications of unusual fire behavior or more than one area of origin?
Are vehicles or people present in the area?
TS 16–24
WHO MAY INVESTIGATE?WHO MAY INVESTIGATE?
TS 16–25
Fire Department Personnel (Chief – Deputy – FPO)Fire Department Personnel (Chief – Deputy – FPO)
Office of the Fire MarshallOffice of the Fire Marshall
OPP OPP
Private CompanyPrivate Company
Insurance AgencyInsurance Agency
ROLE OF THE INVESTIGATOR ROLE OF THE INVESTIGATOR IN FIRE CAUSE DETERMINATIONIN FIRE CAUSE DETERMINATION
TS 16–26
• Carrying fire cause investigations beyond the Carrying fire cause investigations beyond the level of the fire companylevel of the fire company
• Questioning firefighters, if necessaryQuestioning firefighters, if necessary
OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS EN ROUTE EN ROUTE
• Time of dayTime of day
• Weather and natural hazardsWeather and natural hazards
• Man-made barriersMan-made barriers
• People leaving the scenePeople leaving the scene
TS 16–27
OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS UPON ARRIVAL UPON ARRIVAL
• Time of arrival and extent of fireTime of arrival and extent of fire
• Wind direction and velocityWind direction and velocity
• Doors or windows locked or unlockedDoors or windows locked or unlocked
• Location of the fireLocation of the fire
• Containers or cansContainers or cans
• Burglary toolsBurglary tools
• Familiar facesFamiliar faces
TS 16–28
OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS DURING FIRE FIGHTINGDURING FIRE FIGHTING
• Location of fireLocation of fire
• Unusual odorsUnusual odors
• Abnormal fire Abnormal fire behavior behavior
• Obstacles hindering Obstacles hindering fire fightingfire fighting
• Incendiary devicesIncendiary devices
• TrailersTrailers
• Structural alterationsStructural alterations
• Fire patternsFire patterns
• Heat intensityHeat intensity
TS 16–29
• Availability of Availability of documentsdocuments
• Fire detection and Fire detection and protection systemsprotection systems
• Intrusion alarmsIntrusion alarms
• Personal possessionsPersonal possessions
• Household itemsHousehold items
• Equipment or Equipment or inventoryinventory
• Business recordsBusiness records
FIREFIGHTER RESPONSIBILITIES FIREFIGHTER RESPONSIBILITIES AFTER THE FIREAFTER THE FIRE
• Report observations to officer in charge.Report observations to officer in charge.
• Write chronological account of circumstances Write chronological account of circumstances personally observed if fire is of suspicious personally observed if fire is of suspicious origin.origin.
• Do not complete salvage and overhaul until the Do not complete salvage and overhaul until the area of origin and cause have been determined.area of origin and cause have been determined. Do not move debris
Do not throw debris outside in piles
• Remain watchful for further evidence.Remain watchful for further evidence.
TS 16–30
FIREFIGHTER CONDUCT &FIREFIGHTER CONDUCT &STATEMENTS AT THE SCENESTATEMENTS AT THE SCENE
• Never make statements of accusation, personal Never make statements of accusation, personal opinion, or probable cause to anyone.opinion, or probable cause to anyone.
• Make statements only to the fire investigator.Make statements only to the fire investigator.
TS 16–31
GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTING GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTING & PRESERVING EVIDENCE& PRESERVING EVIDENCE
• Do not gather or handle evidence unless Do not gather or handle evidence unless absolutely necessary in order to preserve it.absolutely necessary in order to preserve it.
• Do not change evidence in any way other than Do not change evidence in any way other than those absolutely necessary in the those absolutely necessary in the extinguishment of the fire.extinguishment of the fire.
• Avoid trampling over possible evidence; Avoid trampling over possible evidence; preserve footprints and tire marks under preserve footprints and tire marks under cardboard boxes.cardboard boxes.
• Close dampers and other openings to preserve Close dampers and other openings to preserve partially or completely burned papers found in partially or completely burned papers found in a stove, furnace, or fireplace.a stove, furnace, or fireplace.
TS 16–32a
GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTING GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTING & PRESERVING EVIDENCE (cont.)& PRESERVING EVIDENCE (cont.)
• Leave charred documents found in containers Leave charred documents found in containers such as wastebaskets, small file cabinets, and such as wastebaskets, small file cabinets, and binders that can be moved easily; keep these binders that can be moved easily; keep these items away from drafts.items away from drafts.
• Do not permit changes in the evidence of any Do not permit changes in the evidence of any kind unless absolutely necessary in the kind unless absolutely necessary in the extinguishment of the fire.extinguishment of the fire.
• Remove debris only after all evidence has been Remove debris only after all evidence has been properly collected by an investigator.properly collected by an investigator.
TS 16–32b