SAM Endocrine System

1. endocrine secretions would lead to a disease process when there is:A. excessive secretionsB. reduced secretionsC. reduced bioavailabilityD. a and bE. a,b,and cAnswer: E

2. hormones are predominantly:A. steroidalB. peptidesC. ketoacidsD. triglyceridesE. none of the aboveAnswer: B

3. the "boss" who controls the hormonal secretions is:A. anterior pituitaryB. neuro hypophysisC. hypothalmusD. thalmusE. pineal glandAnswer: C

4. a litter of 2-month old german shepherd pups is brought to you for immunization and other preventive health maintenance measures. one pup out of the litter named "sam" catches your attention. he seems to be slight in build and over all smaller in size. on inquiry you are told that he was the last to be born and had a tough competition to suckle. you are also informed that besides being smaller in size, he otherwise is a very active, healthy, normal pup. the owner is interested to know whether sam would catch up with other littermates.A. he has nutritional deficiency due to inadequate suckling & probably will catch up.B. he will not catch up as we are not dealing with a nutritional problemC. keeping the age of the animal in mind, it is too early to characterizeD. he has a tremendous parasitic load will catch upAnswer: C

5. an eight year old female is presented to you with the signs of pu/pd, nocturia an incontinence. urine specific gravity is less than 1010, and osm is normal. animal is restless, eating less and is loosing weight. water deprivation test keeps the specific gravity nearly fixed. biochemical profile is within limits. what is your diagnosis?A. diabetes mellitis (dm)B. chronic renal failure (crf)C. diabetes inspidus (di)D. pschycogenic pu/pd (psy.pu/pd)E. pyometraAnswer: C

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6. acth response test is used to diagnose:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. hypoadrenocorticismC. pituitary neoplasiaD. thyrotoxicosesE. a and bAnswer: E

7. acth response test followed by dexamethasone (dxm) supression test in a poodle yields the following values? acth response test results resting cortisol- 4ug/dl post acth cortisol- 33ug/dl high dose dxm suppression results resting cortisol- 28ug/dl 3 hour post dxm- 2ug/dl 8 hour post dxm- 1ug/dl from looking at acth and dxm suppression,what could be the possible diagnosis?A. hypoadrenocorticismB. hyperadrenocorticismC. hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenal tumorD. results in conclusiveE. pituitary dependent adrenal hyperplasiaAnswer: E

8. signalment: toy poodle,4 years,female history: anorexic for 3 days, weakness in rear limbs, stumbling, limited water intake, depression over 24 hours, started vomiting since last night. physical exam: temp. 98.0; p55 r-25, lethargic, very weak pulse, lateral recumbency.ancillary data: bun 110, na 114, k-9.4.ekg-h.r.54,t-waves more than 1/4 the r-wave,p-wave absent, ors 23 sec; 1mv.every other parameter is within normal limits. what is your diagnosis?A. hypothyroidismB. dmC. chronic renal failureD. addison's diseaseE. cushing's syndromeAnswer: D

9. signalment: toy poodle, 4 yrs, female history: anorexic for 3 days,weakness in rear limbs, stumbling, limited water intake, depression over 24 hours, started vomiting since last night. physical exam: temp. 98.0; p55, r-25, lethargic, very weak pulse, lateral recumbency.ancillary data: bun 110, na 114, k-9.4. ekg-h.r. 54, t-waves more than 1/4 the r-wave, p-waves absent, qrs 23 sec; 1mv. what definitive test would you request to confirm addison's disease?A. acth stimulationB. tsh stimulationC. dexamethasome suppression testD. a and bE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

10. signalment;toy poodle, 4 yrs,female history: anorexic for 3 days,weakness in rear limbs, stumbling,limited water intake, depression over 24 hours, started vomiting since last night.physical exam: temp.98.0; p55 r-25, lethargic, very weak pulse,lateral recumbency.ancillary data:bun 110, na 114, k-9.4, ekg-h.r. 54, twaves more than 1/4 the r-wave, pwaves absent, qrs 23 sec; 1mv.what would be your treatment regimen?A. dried bovine pituitaryB. growth hormones

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C. deoxycorticoacetateD. normal saline infusionE. c and dAnswer: E

11. hyperadrenocorticism, etiologically is mostly encountered due to:A. adrenal tumorsB. ectopic acth secreting focusC. pituitary dependent hyperplasiaD. adrenal involutionE. none of the aboveAnswer: C

12. the specimen submitted for t3 and t4 evaluation is:A. heparinized bloodB. flourinated bloodC. blood in edta vialD. blood without anticoagulantE. none of the aboveAnswer: E

13. which of the following will drive k++ back into the cell.A. bicarbonateB. penicillinC. amnophylineD. ureaAnswer: A

14. in addisonian crisis the fluid of choice for parenteral administration would be:A. normal salineB. ringers lactate (r/l)C. 5% dextroseD. any of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

15. primary hypothyroidism is due to:A. pituitary disordersB. hypothalmic disordersC. adrenal disordersD. thyroid disordersE. secondary to immune disordersAnswer: D

16. the drug of choice for hypothyroidism is:A. lysodernB. o'p -dddC. synthroidD. prednisolone

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E. deoxycorticoacetateAnswer: C

17. a biochemical profile in a dog reveals high normal ca; high phosphorus, high k, normal na. which of the following diseases related to parathyroid glands would you consider in your differentials?A. renal secondary hypoparathyroidsmB. nutritional hypoparathyroidismC. hyperparathyroidismD. a and cE. a and bAnswer: E

18. diabetes mellitus is a disorder related to:A. increased insulin and decreased glucagonB. increased insulin and increased glucagonC. decreased insulin and decreased glucagonD. decreased insulin and increased glucagonE. normal insulin and normal glucagonAnswer: D

19. the following biochemical profile is indicative of: bun - 110 blood glucose - 200 sgpt - 500 ap - 250 na - 110 k 7.4A. cushing-like syndromeB. addison's diseaseC. diabetes mellitusD. chronic renal failureE. complicated diabetes mellitusAnswer: E

20. a 12-year-old poodle is presented for cataracts and polyuria. you note 4+ glucose and 3+ ketones in urine. you give 1/3 unit regular insulin/ lb 1.m. the poodle become more depressed and weaker. what would be the most likely consideration:A. paradoxical csf acidosisB. hyperosmolar syndromeC. pancreatic fibrosisD. acute renal failureE. hypokalemiaAnswer: E

21. an example of "abnormal target response" can be seen inA. hyperthyroidismB. hyperadrenoccorticismC. nephrogenic diabetes insipidusD. diabetes mellitusE. pseudohyperparathyroidismAnswer: B

22. an example of "decreased bioavailability (e.g. protein binding) can be seen in A. hypothyroidism

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B. hypoadrenocorticismC. nephrogenic diabetes insipidusD. diabetes mellitusE. pseudohyperparathyroidismAnswer: A

23. hormonal regulation takes place via:A. humoral controlB. nervous controlC. genetic controlD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

24. negative feed back control of hormonal regulation is achieved viaA. humoral controlB. nervous controlC. genetic controlD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

25. an increase in daylight causes an increase in follicular stimulating hormone, this is achieved via:A. humoral controlB. nervous controlC. genetic controlD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: B

26. the hypothalmus secretes:A. releasing factorsB. trophic factorsC. inhibitory factorsD. a and cE. a and b and cAnswer: E

27. pituitary dwarfism is seen most commonly in:A. german shephardsB. doberman pinscherC. toy pinscherD. a and cE. a and b and dAnswer: A

28. rathke's pouch differentiation failure resulting in trophic hormone secretion failure will cause:A. growth disturbancesB. thyroid disturbances

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C. adrenal gland disturbancesD. sex hormone disturbancesE. all of the aboveAnswer: E

29. rathke's pouch differentiates from:A. oropharyngeal ectodermB. oropharyngeal neurodermC. oropharyngeal endodermD. orolaryngeal ectodermE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

30. which of the following is not affected by "hypothalmic hypophysical axis" regulation.A. hyperadrenocorticismB. hypoadrendocorticismC. hypothyroidismD. diabetes mellitusE. diabetes insipidusAnswer: E

31. administration of pitressin would not be indicated in case ofA. psychogenic polyurea polydyseaB. nephrogenic diabetes insipidusC. central diabetes insipidusD. end stage kidneyE. a and bAnswer: B

32. adrenal cortex originates fromA. ectodermal celomic epitheliumB. mesodermal celomic epitheliumC. ectodermal cells of neural crestD. mesodermal cells of neural crestE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

33. the adrenal medulla originates from:A. ectodermal celomic epitheliumB. mesodermal celomic epitheliumC. ectodermal cells of neural crestD. mesodermal cells of neural crestE. none of the aboveAnswer: C

34. glucocorticoids are secreted by:A. zona fasiculata which forms 60% of the a. cortexB. zona fasiculata which forms 15% of the a. cortexC. zona fasiculata which forms 25% of the a. cortex

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D. zona glomerulosa which forms 25% of the a. cortexE. zona reticularis which forms 15% of the a. cortexAnswer: A

35. which of the following has an equal sex distributionA. hyperadrenocorticismB. hypoadrenocorticismC. diabetes mellitusD. puerperal tetanyE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

36. which of the followings is seen more in females than males?A. hypoadrenocorticismB. diabetes mellitusC. puerperal tetanyD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

37. most cases of hyperadrenoccorticism are:A. pituitary dependentB. adrenal dependentC. ectopic acth secreting focus dependentD. iatrogenic glucocorticoid administration dependentE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

38. feedback-failure-dependent-cushings syndrome is most often due to:A. functional pituitary tumorB. functional adrenal tumorC. iatrogenic glucocorticoid administration D. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

39. polyuria, polydypsia and polyphagia is seen in all of the following except:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. diabetes insipidusC. diabetes mellitusD. hyperthyroidismE. all of the aboveAnswer: B

40. muscle atrophy is seen in:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. hyperthyroidismC. diabetes insipidusD. diabetes mellitus

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E. none of the aboveAnswer: A

41. thickness of skin decreases in cushing's dogs due to the atrophy of:A. epidermisB. hypodermisC. dermisD. subcutaneous tissueE. sub cutisAnswer: A

42. testicular hypofunction is seen in:A. hypoadrenocorticismB. primary hypoparathyroidismC. hyperthyroidismD. a and cE. all of the aboveAnswer: A

43. diarrhea may be one of the symptoms in:A. hypoadrenocorticismB. primary hypoparathyroidismC. hyperthyroidismD. a and cE. all of the aboveAnswer: A

44. delayed wound healing is encountered in:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. hyperthyroidismC. hypoadrenocorticismD. diabetes mellitusE. none of the aboveAnswer: C

45. increased susceptibility to infection may be due to all of the followings except.A. impaired chemotaxisB. decreased antibodiesC. increased complement synthesisD. decreased phagocytosisE. lymphopeniaAnswer: B

46. hemogram stress triad is seen in:A. hypoadrenocorticism 'B. hyperadrenocorticismC. hyperthyroidismD. hypothyroidismE. none of the above

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Answer: E

47. stress triad is:A. leukipenia, eosinophilia, lymphopeniaB. leukocytosis, eosinophilia, lymphocytosisC. leukocytosis, eosinopenia, lymphocytosisD. leukocytosis, eosinopenia, lymphopeniaE. neutrophilia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, leukocytosis.Answer: D

48. a trace glucosuria with low urine specific gravity is seen in:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. diabetes mellitusC. diabetes insipidusD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: C

49. in hyperadrenocorticism o.p. 'ddd should be continued till water intake of the animal drops to:A. 10 ml/lb/dayB. 20 ml/lb/dayC. 30 ml/lb/dayD. 40 ml/lb/dayE. 50 ml/lb/dayAnswer: C

50. maintenance theraphy of o.p'ddd should be given:A. once a dayB. twice a day in divided dosesC. once a weekD. twice a week in divided dosesE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

51. most common cause of addisons disease is:A. panhypopituitarismB. iatrogenic-opddd overdoseC. iatrogenic-stopage of external steroid therapyD. bilateral idiopathic adrenal cortical atrophyE. none of the aboveAnswer: B

52. low sodium and low normal potassium is seen in:A. diabetes mellitusB. diabetes insipidusC. adddisons diseaseD. hypothyroidismE. hyperthyroidismAnswer: C

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53. low sodium and high ptoassium is seen in:A. diabetes mellitusB. diabetes insipidusC. addisons diseaseD. hypothyroidismE. hyperthyroidismAnswer: D

54. for long term therapy of addison's A. soludelta cortefB. desoxycorticosterone actetateC. prednisoloneD. fludrocortisone acetateE. none of the aboveAnswer: E

55. largest endocrine gland in the body is:A. pituitaryB. adrenal cortexC. thyroidD. liverE. pancreasAnswer: C

56. history of difficulty in breathing and swallowing is mentioned in:A. pituitary tumorsB. adrenal tumorsC. thyroid tumorsD. complicated diabetes mellitusE. none of the aboveAnswer: B

57. an antithyroid drug is:A. synthroidB. propylthiouracilC. cytobenD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: E

58. hypothyroidism is mostly seen in:A. toy breedsB. small breedsC. medium breedsD. large breedsE. c and dAnswer: B

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59. mild normocytic and normochromic anemia is seen in:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. hypoadrenocorticismC. hyperthyroidismD. hypothyroidismE. b and dAnswer: C

60. parathormone release is influenced by:A. total serum ca2+B. bound ca2+C. ionized ca2+ in bloodD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

61. slow heart rate, weak femoral pulse, low amplitude on ekg are indicative of:A. hypoadrenalcorticismB. hypothyroidismC. hyperparathyroidismD. a and bE. a and b and cAnswer: E

62. parathormone increases ca2+ absorption by acting on:A. boneB. intestineC. kidneyD. a and bE. a and b and cAnswer: D

63. most common of all endocrine disease is:A. hyperadrenocorticismB. hypoadrenocorticismC. hyperthyroidismD. hypothyroidismE. diabetes mellitusAnswer: A

64. most common form of hypothyroidism is:A. primary due to acquired factorsB. secondary due to decreased tshC. iodine deficiency due to goiterogenous substancesD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: B

65. for long term maintenance of hypoparathyroidism the drug of choice is

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A. 10% ca gluconateB. vitamin dC. bone mealD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveAnswer: E

66. in chronic hypoparathyroidism ca supplementation will be necessary when:A. ca levels do not become normal after restB. ca levels stay subnormal despite vitamin d supplementationC. phosphorus level stay high despite vitamin d supplementationD. ca supplemention will not be necessary everE. b and cAnswer: C

67. steroids causeA. increased ca absorption from gutB. increased ca absorption from kidneyC. decreased ca absorption from gutD. decreased ca absorption from kidneyE. no change in ca absorptionAnswer: D

68. prolonged hypercalcemia can lead to:A. primary hypoparathyroidismB. renal failureC. nephrolithiasisD. b and cAnswer: B

69. secretions of parathormone like polypeptide or other bone resorbing substances profiles in:A. primary hyperparathyroidismB. pseudohyperparathyroidismC. renal secondary hyperparathyroidismD. nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidismE. none of the aboveAnswer: C

70. normal ca and increases phosphorous levels will be seen in clinical biochemistry profiles in:A. primary hyperparathyroidismB. pseudohyperparathyroidismC. secondary hyperparathyroidismD. a and bE. all of the aboveAnswer: D

71. increased ca and low phosphorus levels will be seen in clinical biochemistry profiles in:A. primary hyperparathyroidismB. pseudohyperparathyroidsim

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C. secondary hyperparathyroidismD. a and bE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

72. metastatic calcification occurs when ca and phosphorus multiplication total exceeds:A. 30B. 45C. 60D. 75E. none of the aboveAnswer: D

73. ideal ca:p ratio in diet is:A. 1:1B. 1:2C. 2:1D. 1.2:1E. 1.2:2Answer: E

74. treatment of choice in puerperal tetany is all of the following except:A. vitamin dB. 10% ca gluconate 1/vC. wean the pupsD. calphosan i.m.E. steroidsAnswer: B

75. kussmaul breathing is seen in:A. uncomplicated diabetes mellitusB. complicated diabetes mellitusC. ethylene glycol poisoningD. jasmine intoxicationE. all of the aboveAnswer: D

76. kussmaul breathing is:A. slow and deep respirationB. slow and shallow respirationC. rapid and shallow respirationD. rapid and deep respirationE. none of the aboveAnswer: A

77. following i/v glucose tolerance test the glucose levels come back to normal within 60 minutes. the animal isA. normalB. mildly diabetic

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C. hyperinsulinismD. ketoticE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

78. mild cases of diabetes can be controlled by:A. increasing cho and decreasing fatB. increasing cho and fatC. decreasing cho and increasing fatD. decreasing cho and fatE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

79. purpose of insulin therapy is to reduce afternoon blood glucose to:A. 50-75B. 75-100C. 100-120D. 120-150E. 150-170Answer: A

80. increased excercise willA. decreased the insulin requirementB. increased the insulin requirementC. not change the insulin requirementD. result in complicated diabetes millitusE. cause paradixical cns aciosisAnswer: A

81. i/v rate of k+ infusion should be:A. 0.5 mg/kg/hrB. 2.5 mg/kg/hrC. 5 mg/kg/hrD. 5.5 mg/kg/hrE. none of the aboveAnswer: D

82. in complicated diabetes mellitus continuous i/v infusion should be given with:A. long acting insulinB. medium acting insulinC. intermediary acting insulinD. prompt acting insulinE. any of the aboveAnswer: D

83. complicated diabetes mellitus can be treated as uncomplicated diabetes mellitus once the blood glucose levels fall below:A. 500 mg/dlB. 600 mg/dl

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C. 300 mg/dlD. 200 mg/dlE. 150 mg/dlAnswer: D

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