sam houston us history final 2013

8/13/2019 Sam Houston US History Final 2013

1/27

12/10/20

US History

Fall 2013 Semester FinalThis final exam will have 65 multiple choice questions from Units 1-4.

Unit 1: Gilded Age16 multiple choice questions on the final will be from Unit 1.


2/27

12/10/20

TheTranscontinentalRailroad

The Transcontinental Railroad was completed during the Gilded Agein the 1860s and connected the east and west coast of the UnitedStates.

One effect of the Transcontinental Railroad was that the cattleindustry boomed and increased business and profits for ranchers.

The effects of the railroad were: travel rime reduced, westernmigration was encouraged, the Open Range of the west was closed

and Native Americans were forced off their land.

TheTranscontinentalRailroad

Many cities becameimportanttransportation centersbecause of the railroadsystem.

Railroads encouragedthe growth of cities,the settlement of theWestern U.S. and thecreation of a nationalmarket for trading andselling goods.


3/27

12/10/20

WesternExpansion

Settlers were moving westward in the mid-1800s because:

1. Cheap and/or free land

2. Affordable and quick transportation on the TranscontinentalRailroad

3. The promise of great riches through the Gold Rush

WesternExpansion

The Homestead Act gave settlers160 acres of free land, as long asthey committed to living andworking on the land for 5 years.

The Homestead Act encouraged

western expansion.


4/27

12/10/20

WesternExpansion

This photograph showshow farmers on theGreat Plains adapted totheir environment byusing materials found innature to build theirhomes.

TheDawesAct

Dawes Act: gave the President the power to take control of Indiantribal land divide it into sections for individual Indian tribes.

United States policy towards Native Americans changed dramaticallywith the passage of the Dawes Act because it wiped out 2/3 of NativeAmericans land in the western U.S.


5/27

12/10/20

Urbanization

Urbanization: the growth ofurban areas (cities)

During the Gilded Age, manypeople lived in cities becausethats where they could findjobs. However, cities becamevery crowded.

A negative effect of

urbanization were tenementapartments. There were toomany people living in one,small apartment and it wasvery unsafe and unhealthy.

Urbanization

This magazine cover illustratesthat during the Gilded Age (19th

century), the U.S. began to changefrom a rural society (farms) to aurban society (cities).


6/27

12/10/20

Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneur: a person who creates their own business or industry

Andrew Carnegie was a famous entrepreneur of the Gilded Age. Hemade his riches in the steel business.

Carnegie gave millions of dollars to charities. This is calledphilanthropy.

There was a social issue that people worried about during the GildedAge with big business leaders and their employees:

Was it right for business owners to pay low wages to their workers and alsogive millions to philanthropy?

PoliticalMachines

Political machines were popular in big cities during the Gilded Age.

Political machine: a group of people, led by a boss, who engage inillegal activities like bribery and voting fraud in order to control acertain city or area of a city

The bosses of political machines often accepted bribes in return forcertain favors.


7/27

12/10/20

Immigration

Immigration during the Gilded Age led to a change in demographicpatterns in the U.S. in the late 1800s.

Demographic pattern: the statistics of a certain population (age,gender, job, where they live, etc.)

Factory jobs in major east coast cities led to the growth of ethnicneighborhoods where many immigrants settled.

Italians in New York City

Irish in Boston

NewGildedAgeLaws

Interstate Commerce Act: regulated the railroad industry by requiringstates to charge fair prices for railroad shipping

Sherman Antitrust Act: outlawed monopolies

The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were

efforts by the federal government to regulate aspects of big business


8/27

12/10/20

Industrialization

Industrialization: the growth of industry (businesses and factories)

A major effect of industrialization was that unskilled machineoperators quickly replaced skilled craftsmen and artisans.

Unit 2: Progressive Era &

Imperialism15 multiple choice questions on the final will be from Unit 2.


9/27

12/10/20

PopulistParty

Populists were a group of farmers that formed a political party inorder to try to get the government to listen to the needs of farmers.

The Populist Party platform included: national income tax, free andunlimited coinage of silver and the direct election of US Senators.

Muckrakers

During the early 1900s, the term "muckrakers" was used to describewriters who exposed the evils in American society.

Upton Sinclair was a famous muckraker who wrote the book TheJungle, which was an undercover story about the nasty conditions inmeat packing plants.

The Jungle was very important because it led to the members ofCongress establishing a system for meat packing inspection.


10/27

12/10/20

17thAmendment

The 17th Amendment says that senators will be elected directly thepeoples vote, NOT by state legislatures.

The goal of the 17th Amendment, was to make the Senate moreresponsive to the people.

ProgressiveEraLeaders

Jane Addams built settlement houses in Chicago to try to helpimmigrants transition to America. The settlement houses providedservices like English lessons and childcare.

Ida B. Wells was an African American who spoke out against lynching.Lynching is murder by hanging. Lynching was happening in southern

states for no reason, so Ida B. Wells spoke out about it.

Ida B. Wells wrote, In slave times, the Negro was kept subservientand submissive by the frequency and severity of the scourging

[whipping], but with freedom, a new system of intimidation came intovogue; the Negro was it only scourged; he was lynched."


11/27

12/10/20

Spanish-AmericanWar

The Spanish-American War was Cuba & U.S. vs. Spain. The U.S. washelping Cuba fight for their independence from Spain.

Yellow journalism: exaggerating details in news stories to get peoplesattention and sell more newspaper copies

A cause of the Spanish-American War was yellow journalism.

The USS Maine exploded in a harbor outside of Cuba and newspapers blamedit on Spain. This brought the U.S. into the war.

Spanish-AmericanWar

The Spanish-American War marked a turning point in Americanforeign policy because the United States emerged as a new worldpower.


12/27

12/10/20

Imperialism

Dollar Diplomacy: President Tafts idea to further American interestsin Latin America by using the financial power of American business.

Open Door Policy: All countries now had equal trading rights withChina.

The main reason for establishing Open Door Policy was to protect U.S. tradein China.

PanamaCanal

An important effect of the1898 event illustrated bythis map is that there wasnow increased publicsupport for the construction

of a canal to be builtthrough Central America.


13/27

12/10/20

PanamaCanal

The cartoon shows theactions of PresidentRoosevelt securing an areafor building a canal.

Imperialists like AlfredThayer Mahan and TheodoreRoosevelt believed it wasimportant for the UnitedStates to build a canal

through Panama becausethe canal would provide ashorter route between thePacific and Atlantic Oceans.

FederalReserveSystem

President Wilson introduced the Federal Reserve System in order toguarantee an adequate money supply in the national economy.


14/27

12/10/20

Initiative,referendumandrecall

During the Progressive Era, many state and local governmentsadopted the initiative, referendum and recall. Together theseprocedures gave citizens a more direct voice in government .

Unit 3: World War I and

1920s19 multiple choice questions on the final will be from Unit 3.


15/27

12/10/20

WorldWarI:USEntry

The U.S. entered World War I in1917, 3 years after the war started.

The U.S. entered the war becauseGermany was using unrestrictedsubmarine warfare.

The newspaper notice to the left waspublished shortly before the Britishship Lusitania was sunk off the coast

of Ireland. More than 100 Americans died on

the Lusitania, and this brought theU.S. into WWI.

NOTICE!

Travelers intending to embark on the Atlanticvoyage are reminded that a state of war exists

between Germany and her allies and Great Britain

and her allies; that the zone of war includes the

waters next to the British Isles; that, in accordance

with this notice by the Imperial German

government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain,

or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in

those waters and travelers sailing in the war zone

on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their

own risk.Imperial German Embassy

Washington, D.C., April 22, 1915.

WorldWarI:Battles

A new aspect of combat that was introduced during World War I andthat is described in this passage is trench warfare.

The two enemy sides dug deep trenches about mile away fromeach other. In between the trenches was called no mans land and itwas filled with mines, barbed wires and muddy terrain.

A weary, exhausted, nerve-racked group of men in Sommerance, France, began to dig in for the night.

The artillery was firing furiously, but the enemys firing stopped suddenly and now only occasional

shells would explode. The weather was gloomy and the air chilled one to the bones. Yet, it was with

great care that we prepared our foxholes, carrying boards and iron sheets from abandoned machine-

gunners dugouts to make our houses as comfortable as possible, even if only for one night.

-William L. Langer, Gas and Flame in World War I


16/27

12/10/20

WorldWarI:Battles

The major World War I-related events in the correct chronological(time) order:

1. Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated

2. World War I begins

3. Lusitania sunk

4. United States declares war on Germany

WorldWarI:PresidentWilson

Woodrow Wilson was the President of the US during World War I.

In 1918, President Wilson gave a speech to Congress called theFourteen Points.

The major purpose of President Wilsons Fourteen Points (1918) was

to set goals for achieving peace after World War I.


17/27

12/10/20

WorldWarI:PresidentWilson

This was point 10 in President Wilsons Fourteen Points.

The impact this demand in Wilsons Fourteen Points had on

the peace treaties that were concluded (signed) at the end ofWorld War I was that several new national states (countries)were created.

10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, Whose placement among the nations we wish to see

safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to self-determination

-Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Poin ts, 1918

WorldWarI:Ending

World War I ended in 1918. Germany and Austria-Hungary LOST and theU.S., England and France WON.

The Treaty of Versailles was the agreement countries signed to end WorldWar I.

The chart below includes the punishments that were written into theTreaty of Versailles.

The U.S. never signed the Treaty of Versailles.

Germany had to

accept blame for

causing the war in

Europe.

Germany was required

to pay war reparations

to European nations.

Germany had to

disarm and reduce its

military forces and

give up its colonies.


18/27

12/10/20

WorldWarI:Ending

Data from this graph supports theconclusion that World War I was asignificant benefit to the Americaneconomy.

WorldWarI:Ending

Warren Harding was the President after Woodrow Wilsonleft office. He took over the Presidency after World War I.

President Harding mean introduced the phrase "return tonormalcy" after World War I. This meant that he wanted the

U.S. to go back to a peacetime economy.


19/27

12/10/20

1920s:Post-WWI

Henry Ford used assembly-line production methods to help himachieve the vision he quoted above.

Ford used the assembly line to make affordable cars for all Americans.His Model-T car created a large positive impact on the Americaneconomy.

I will build a motor car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small

enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be made of the best materials, and by the best

men. It will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one to enjoy

with his family in pleasure in Gods open spaces.

- Henry Ford, 1909

1920s:Post-WWI

Based on thetimeline, it can beconcluded that theinfluence of theautomobile was that

Henry Ford producedautomobiles at aprice manyAmericans couldafford.


20/27

12/10/20

1920s:Post-WWI

The Harlem Renaissance occurred during the 1920s.

The Harlem Renaissance was a celebration of African-Americanculture through art, music and writing. It was mainly focused in theHarlem neighborhood of New York City.

Langston Hughes was an American author whose works are closelyassociated with the Harlem Renaissance.

The Harlem Renaissance was inconsistent with much of the racial and

ethnic intolerance of the decade.

1920s:Post-WWI

Prohibition occurred during the 1920s.

Prohibition was established by the 18th Amendment andstated that the manufacture and sale of U.S. alcoholicbeverages was banned (illegal).


21/27

12/10/20

1920s:Post-WWI

There were strong feelings of nativism during the 1920s.

Nativism: favoring native-born citizens over immigrants orforeigners

In the 1920s, the U.S. adopted a quota system to limitimmigration. This mean that only a very small amount ofimmigrants were allowed to enter the U.S. each year.

The quota system represented an expression of nativism.

1920s:Post-WWI

Based in this chart, the effect did the passage of immigration lawshave on immigration to the United States?

The number of immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe and Asia declineddramatically


22/27

12/10/20

1920s:Post-WWI

This cartoon is from the 1920s. Itshows attempts of the UnitedStates government to deal withthe issue of immigration.

Congress passed a series ofimmigration laws during the1920s because they wanted tolimit immigration from southernand eastern Europe.

1920s:Post-WWI

Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrants who were convictedand executed for crimes they did not commit.

Vanzetti thought he was convicted because he was an immigrant withradical views, not because he was actually guilty of the crime.

We were tried during a time when there was resentment and hate against the foreigner. I am

positive, that you have done all in your power in order to agitate [bother] the prejudice of the jurors

against us. My conviction is that I have suffered not for things that I am guilty of. I am suffering

because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical. I have suffered because I was an Italian and

indeed I am Italian. I have suffered more for my family than for myself.

- Bartolomeo Vanzetti, to the judge on being sentenced to death (Sacco-Vanzetti case, 1927)


23/27

12/10/20

Unit 4: Great Depression and

New Deal15 multiple choice questions on the final will be from Unit 4.

TeapotDomeScandal

The Teapot Dome Scandalinvolved illegally transferring oilreserved from the Navydepartment and acceptingbribes for leasing the land.

This happened during WarrenHardings presidency.

The effect of the Teapot DomeScandal was that Americansbegan losing trust in the U.S.government.


24/27

12/10/20

GreatDepression

The major causes and economic factors that led to the GreatDepression:

1. Prior overproduction of manufactured goods

2. Buying stocks on margin (paying 10% of the stock price and payingthe other 90% back later, after you sold the stock)

3. Over-speculation in the stock market (buying LOTS of stocks onmargin)

TheDustBowl

Farmers actions led to the DustBowl because they dried up thetopsoil and used too much groundwater.

The Dust Bowl occurred during theGreat Depression (1930s) on theGreat Plains (Texas, Oklahoma,Kansas and Colorado).

Most farmers were forced to moveto the far west because of the DustBowl.


25/27

12/10/20

GreatDepression

Dorothea Lange was a famousphotographer during the GreatDepression because her photosexpressed the pain and sufferingexperienced by Americans during theGreat Depression.

NewDeal

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) created the New Deal torelieve the unemployed, recover the U.S. economy from the GreatDepression and reform the U.S. system to prevent a futuredepression.

The guiding principle of the New Deal economic policies was that the

government must assume greater responsibility for helping theunfortunate.

The New Deal changed American political thinking because thefederal government was now expected to solve social and economicproblems.


26/27

12/10/20

NewDeal

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): the government tried to helpfarmers by paying farmers for their surplus crops

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) & Federal DepositInsurance Corporation (FDIC): supposed to restore the publics faith infinancial institutions

The New Deal continued the Progressive Era policy of the governmentregulating big business.

President Hoover vs. President FDR FDR was more willing to use government intervention to solve economic

problems

Anti-FDR(FDRhaters)

Conservatives thought FDR was giving the government too muchpower and too much control

Conservatives thought FDR was endangering the free enterprisesystem

Free enterprise: the system of supply and demand in the U.S.

EX: The government doesnt set the price of your iPhone. Apple sets the pricebased on how much it costs to produce the iPhone and how much theybelieve people will pay for the iPhone.


27/27

12/10/20

FDRsCourt-PackingScheme

FDR had a plan to add new, youngerSupreme Court justices with the goal ofguaranteeing the Supreme Court wouldsupport his New Deal programs.

This plan was in conflict with theprinciple of checks and balancesbecause it would have given thePresident too much power.

Most people were against FDRsproposal because his power wouldincrease too much.

sam houston us history final 2013

Documents