Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

i

Combined Effect of Music and

Exercise Among Over Healthy Children

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

ii

Publishing-in-support-of,

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING

RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075

Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001

Website: www.educreation.in

________________________________________________________________

© Copyright, 2018, Prabhu Pandian P

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.

ISBN: 978-1-5457-2426-2

Price: ` 315.00

The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the authors and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation or the Editors.

Printed in India

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

iii

Combined Effect of Music and

Exercise Among Over

Healthy Children

Prabhu Pandian P

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

iv

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

v

Dedicated to

Beloved My Father Mr. V. Paramasivan &

My Mother Mrs. P. Veluthai

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

vi

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

Combined Effect of Music and Exercise Among Over Healthy Children

1

Introduction

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

Prabhu Pandian P

2

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________

1.1 MUSIC

Music is an art form whose medium is sound organized in time.

Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and

harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and

articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and

texture. The word derives from Greek word mousike, "art of the

Muses".

The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition

of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges

from strictly organized compositions (and their recreation in

performance), through improvisational music to aleatoric forms.

Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the

dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often

subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and

occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be

classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

To people in many cultures, music is inextricably intertwined

into their way of life. Greek philosophers and ancient Indian

philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as

melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as

"the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to

the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to.

However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any

sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

Combined Effect of Music and Exercise Among Over Healthy Children

3

sound." According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez, "the

border between music and noise is always culturally defined—

which implies that, even within a single society, this border does

not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a

consensus. By all accounts there is no single and intercultural

universal concept defining what music might be, except that it is

'sound through time'." Regarding musical innateness and emotional

responses to music are also major areas of research in the field.

Deaf people can experience music by feeling the vibrations in

their body, a process which can be enhanced if the individual holds a

resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf musician is the

composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous

works even after he had completely lost his hearing. Recent

examples of deaf musicians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly

acclaimed percussionist who has been deaf since age twelve, and

Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing. This is

relevant because it indicates that music is a deeper cognitive

process than unexamined phrases such as, "pleasing to the ear"

would suggest. Much research in music cognition seeks to uncover

these complex mental processes involved in listening to music,

which may seem intuitively simple, yet are vastly intricate and

complex.

(Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music)

1.2 MUSIC AS A THERAPEUTIC TOOL

Music therapy is an interpersonal process in which the therapist

uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental,

social, aesthetic, and spiritual to help clients to improve or

maintain their health. In some instances, the client's needs are

addressed directly through music; in others they are addressed

through the relationships that develop between the client and

therapist. Music therapy is used with individuals of all ages and

with a variety of conditions, including: psychiatric disorders,

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

Prabhu Pandian P

4

medical problems, physical handicaps, sensory impairments,

developmental disabilities, substance abuse, communication

disorders, interpersonal problems, and aging. It is also used to:

improve learning, build self-esteem, reduce stress, support physical

exercise, and facilitate a host of other health-related activities.

Music therapists are found in nearly every area of the helping

professions. Some commonly found practices include developmental

work (communication, motor skills, etc.) with individuals with special

needs, songwriting and listening in reminiscence/orientation work with

the elderly, processing and relaxation work, and rhythmic

entrainment for physical rehabilitation in stroke victims.

1.3 MUSIC THERAPY APPROACHES USED WITH

CHILDREN

Paul Nordoff, a Juilliard School graduate and Professor of Music,

was a gifted pianist and composer who, upon seeing disabled

children respond so positively to music, gave up his academic

career to further investigate the possibility of music as a means for

therapy. Dr. Clive Robbins, a special educator, partnered with

Nordoff for over 17 years in the exploration and research of

music’s effects on disabled children- first in the United Kingdom,

and then in the USA in the 1950s and 60s. Their pilot projects

included placements at care units for autistic children and child

psychiatry departments, where they put programs in place for

children with mental disorders, emotional disturbances, developmental

delays, and other handicaps. Their success at establishing a means of

communication and relationship with autistic children at the

University of Pennsylvania gave rise to the National Institutes of

Health’s first grant given of this nature, and the 5-year study

“Music Therapy Project for Psychotic Children Under Seven at

the Day Care Unit” involved research, publication, training and

treatment. (Aigen and Kenneth, 2005)

Several publications, including Therapy in Music for

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

Get Complete Book At Educreation Store

www.educreation.in

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution