sample edexcel gcse (9-1) ial mathematics you prepare for edexcel gcse (9-1) ... (1) 6.1 decimals,...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
vi
Introduction
Helping you prepare for Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics – Foundation, this workbook is a good way to refresh your learning on Number (and a little Algebra).
Work your way through this book unit by unit:
The clear learning objectives help you focus The key points give you reminders The worked examples guide you through to the solution All the carefully stepped practice develops your confidence Stretch yourself a bit with extend questions The unit summaries help you recap and revise Take the unit tests to check your fluency and build your confidence Take the Number Test at the end of the book to check your progress.
And there’s a useful self-assessment chart on pages iv-v for you to fill in as you go!
Access to Foundation:
Number Workbook
Access to Foundation:
Number Workbook
+Access to
Foundation:
Number Workbook
Access to Foundation:
Geometry and Statistics
Workbook
Access to Foundation:
Number Workbook
Edexcel GCSE
(9-1) Mathematics – Foundation
Geometry and StatisticsAs further preparation alongside Number, before you progress on to the Foundation GCSE course, you could also refresh your learning in geometry, statistics and probability.
Draft, subject to endorsement
Helping you prepare for Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Mathematics – Foundation, these workbooks are a good way to refresh your learning on Number (and a little Algebra), Statistics and Geometry (including Measures).
Work your way through the books unit by unit:
• The clear learning objectives help you focus • The key points give you reminders • The worked examples guide you through to the solution • All the carefully stepped practice develops your confidence • Stretch yourself a bit with extend questions • The unit summaries help you recap and revise • Take the unit tests to check your fluency and build your confidence • Take the Practice Test at the end of the book to check your progress.
And there’s a useful self-assessment chart provided for you to fill in as you go!
iv
Self-assessment chart
Name Class
Need more practice Almost there Got it!Unit 1 Integers (1)
1.1 Read, write, order and compare positive integers
1.2 Add and subtract positive integers
1.3 Multiply and divide by 10, 100 and 1000
1.4 Multiplication and division facts up to 10 × 10
1.5 Multiply and divide by a single digit
1.6 Round to the nearest 10, 100 and 1000
1.7 Find multiples and factors and identify prime numbers
1.8 Understand and use negative numbers
Unit 2 Order of operations
2.1 Order of operations
Unit 3 Decimals (1)
3.1 Read, write and order decimals
3.2 Add and subtract simple decimals
3.3 Multiply and divide decimal angles
3.4 Rounding decimals
Unit 4 Approximations (1)
4.1 Check solutions
Unit 5 Fractions (1)
5.1 Read, write and order fractions
5.2 Use equivalent fractions
5.3 Write fractions in their simplest form
5.4 Convert between fractions and decimals
5.5 Add and subtract fractions
5.6 Find fractions of quantities
Unit 6 Percentages (1)
6.1 Decimals, fractions and percentages
6.2 Order and compare percentages
6.3 Find percentages of quantities
Unit 7 Money
7.1 Read and order amounts of money
7.2 Calculating with money
Unit 8 Time
8.1 Read, record and measure time
8.2 Use units of time
8.3 Convert between units of time
8.4 Use calendars
Unit 9 Integers (2)
9.1 Read, write, order and compare integers
9.2 Add and subtract integers
9.3 Multiply and divide integers
9.4 Multiply and divide using negative integers
9.5 Read, write and use squares, cubes and square roots
9.6 Use index notation
Unit 10 Function machines
10.1 Function machines
Unit 11 Decimals (2)
11.1 Multiply and divide decimals
11.2 Round decimals
11.3 Add and subtract any decimals
Contents Samples from Number and Statistics and Geometry Workbooks
Multiply and divide by 10, 100 and 1000 3Rounding decimals 4Convert between units of time 7Use fractions to compare quantities 8Find percentages of quantities 9Read and interpret data presented in tables 10 Constructing triangles 13
5
1 Work out the answers to these multiplications.
a 34 � 10 � 340
b 123 � 10 �
c 560 � 100 �
d 37 � 1000 �
2 Work out the answers to these multiplications.
a 57 � 10 � b 583 � 10 � c 120 � 10 �
d 6 � 100 � e 72 � 100 � f 376 � 100 �
g 60 � 1000 � h 752 � 1000 � i 360 � 1000 �
3 Work out the answers to these divisions.
a 120 � 10 � 12 b 2650 � 10 �
c 4800 � 100 � d 7000 � 1000 �
4 Work out the answers to these divisions.
a 50 � 10 � b 290 � 10 � c 5000 � 10 �
d 400 � 100 � e 6000 � 100 � f 2500 � 100 �
g 8300 � 100 � h 3000 � 1000 � i 12 000 � 1000 �
5 Use the numbers in the cloud to give the answers to the following calculations.
a 45 � 10 � b 450 � 10 �
c 45 � 100 � d 4500 � 10 � e 4500 � 100 �
f 45 � 1000 � g 45 000 � 1000 � h 45 000 � 100 �
6 a Write a matching multiplication and division. 720 � � � �
b Fill in the missing number. 63 � � 6300
c Fill in the missing number. � 1000 � 32
Exam
ple Hint
10 times table facts and related divisions.
Hint
274 � 10 � 200 � 10 � 70 � 10 � 4 � 10 � 2000 � 700 � 40 � 2740
Prac
tice
Exam
ple Hint
270 � 10 � 200 �10 � 70 � 10� 20 � 7 � 27
Prac
tice
45 000450045045
Exte
nd
By the end of this section you will know how to:
Multiply integers by 10, 100 and 1000
Divide multiples of 10, 100 and 1000 by 10, 100 and 1000
Multiply and divide by 10, 100 and 1000
Multiplying a number by 10, 100 or 1000 means that each digit moves in place value to the left.
Dividing a number by 10, 100 or 1000 means that each digit moves in place value to the right.
Key points
Need more practice Almost there Got it!
1.3
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Unit 3 Decimals (1)
21
6 Use a calculator to check what happens when you divide whole numbers and decimals by 10 or 100.
a 36 4 10 5 b 72 4 10 5 c 15.4 4 10 5
d 28.3 4 10 5 e 5.6 4 10 5 f 4.8 4 10 5
g 27 4 100 5 h 93 4 100 5 i 123 4 100 5
456 4 100 5 k 6789 4 100 5 l 5432 4 100 5
7 Look at the answers in question 6 to work out these calculations without a calculator.
a 49 4 10 5 b 84 4 10 5 c 17.6 4 10 5
d 37.4 4 10 5 e 4.8 4 10 5 f 8.9 4 10 5
g 36 4 100 5 h 72 4 100 5 i 468 4 100 5
752 4 100 5 k 3764 4 100 5 l 4821 4 100 5
8 Use a calculator to find which answer belongs to which calculation.
a 17.08 3 6 5
b 567.25 4 5 5
c 443.1 4 4.2 5
d 9.23 3 12.06 5
9 a Use the fact that 24 3 8 5 192 to work out 2.4 3 8 5
b Use the fact that 192 4 8 5 24 to work out 19.2 4 8 5
c Work out the answers.
1200 4 1000 5 1.234 3 1000 5 3.2 3 6 5
Hint
Dividing by 10 moves each digit one place to the right; dividing by 100 moves each digit two places to the right.
111.3138
102.48113.45
105.5
Exte
nd
Needs more practice Almost there I’m proficient!
By the end of this section you will know how to:
Round decimals to the nearest whole number
Round decimals to one decimal place
Rounding decimals3.4
The same rules of rounding apply to decimals and whole numbers.
Round to the nearest whole number: round 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 down; round 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 up.
Round to the one decimal place: round down if the hundredths digit is 1, 2, 3 or 4; round up if it is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
Key points
Need more practice Almost there Got it!
Hint
5 and above round up,
4 and below round down.
4
Unit 3 Decimals (1)
22
1 Use the number line to help you to round these numbers to the nearest whole number.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
round upround down
4.5 5 5.5 63.72.2
a 5.2 rounds to b 5.8 rounds to c 2.7 rounds to
d 3.4 rounds to e 1.3 rounds to f 4.5 rounds to
2 a Join each decimal to the nearest one decimal place. Use the number line to help.
5 5.05 5.1 5.15 5.2 5.25 5.3 5.35 5.4 5.45 5.5 5.55 5.6 5.65 5.7 5.75 5.8 5.85 5.9 5.95 6
5.43 5.1 5.06
5.2
5.3
5.17 5.4 5.55
5.5
5.6
5.73 5.7 5.92
5.8
5.24 5.9 5.64
b Write each number correct to the nearest whole number.
45.62 45.263 45.3456
c Write each number correct to one decimal place.
45.62 45.263 45.3456
3 a Write two decimal numbers that round up to 8.
b Write two decimal numbers that round down to 8.
c Write two decimal numbers that round up to 3.4
d Write two decimal numbers that round down to 3.4
e Write these decimals correct to one decimal place. 2.916 3.672 4.835
f A number rounds up to 6, but down to 5.5. What number could it be?
Don’t forget!
When you multiply a number by 10, each digit moves one place to the
When you divide a number by 100, each digit moves to the
What is wrong with this? 3 4 . 5
� 2.5
5 9 . 5
Prac
tice
Prac
tice
Hint
To round to the nearest whole number, look at the digit in the fi rst decimal place. To round to one decimal place, look at the digit in the second decimal place.
Exte
nd
Unit test
1 What is the value of the 6 in each of these numbers? 6
106
100 6 60
a 34.67 b 36.47 c 34.76
2 Write these numbers in order of size. Start with the smallest number.
34.7 34.67 36.47 34.76 36.04
3 Round these numbers to the nearest whole number.
a 24.67 b 16.48 c 29.706
4 Round these numbers correct to one decimal place.
a 15.33 b 36.47 c 41.062
5 a Work out 56.4 � 31.78 b Work out 65.4 � 31.78
6 Work out
a 0.5 � 7 � b 5 � 0.7 � c 3.5 � 7 �
d 2.4 � 2 � e 4.2 � 7 � f 4.6 � 4 �
7 Use your calculator to work out
a 17.09 � 4.2 b 67.48 � 12.05
8 a Work out
24.05 � 10 � 2460 � 10 �
23 900 � 100 � 2.45 � 100 �
b Write your answers to part a in order. Start with the smallest number.
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Unit 3 Decimals (1)
23
Unit test
1 What is the value of the 6 in each of these numbers? 6
106
100 6 60
a 34.67 b 36.47 c 34.76
2 Write these numbers in order of size. Start with the smallest number.
34.7 34.67 36.47 34.76 36.04
3 Round these numbers to the nearest whole number.
a 24.67 b 16.48 c 29.706
4 Round these numbers correct to one decimal place.
a 15.33 b 36.47 c 41.062
5 a Work out 56.4 1 31.78 b Work out 65.4 2 31.78
6 Work out
a 0.5 3 7 5 b 5 3 0.7 5 c 3.5 4 7 5
d 2.4 3 2 5 e 4.2 4 7 5 f 4.6 3 4 5
7 Use your calculator to work out
a 17.09 3 4.2 b 67.48 4 12.05
8 a Work out
24.05 3 10 5 2460 4 10 5
23 900 4 100 5 2.45 3 100 5
b Write your answers to part a in order. Start with the smallest number.
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Unit 8 Time
54
1 Use the rhyme to fi ll in the number of days for each month.
January February March April
May June July August
September October November December
2 a Here is part of a calendar. Fill in the missing calendar dates.
June 2013
WedTuesMonSun Thurs Fri Sat
8
1514
27
19
5
11
4
25
10
1716
b What day of the week is 20 June 2013?
c What is the date of the next Tuesday after 15 June 2013?
d Juliana wants to have her birthday party on the Friday nearest to her birthday. Her birthday is on 12 June 2013. On which date should she have her party?
e What date is 2 weeks before 8 June 2013?
1 week before is June, so 2 weeks before is May
f What date is 4 weeks after 25 June 2013? 25 � 2 � , so
g What day of the week is 27 May 2013? 27 May is
Prac
tice Hint
30 days has September,April, June and November,all the rest have 31,except February,which has 28 days clearand 29 each leap year.
Exam
ple
Hint
The shaded dates show the last few days of the month before and the next few days after the month displayed.
Hint
Use 4 weeks � 28 days. Example: To work out 4 weeks after 21 January: January has 31 (or 28 � 3) days: 21 � 3 � 18. So 4 weeks after 21 January is 18 February
1 Use the numbers in the box to complete the statements about time.
1 2 12 30 52 60 240 366
a months � 1 year b hour � minutes c seconds � 4 minutes
d minutes � half an hour e weeks � 1 year f days in a leap year
2 Convert these units of time.
a 5 hours into minutes 5 � 60 � 300 minutes
b 36 months into years 36 � 12 � 3 years
c 60 minutes into seconds 60 � � seconds
d 416 weeks into years � � years
e 315 days into weeks � � weeks
f 72 hours into days � � days
g 24 hours into seconds 24 � � � seconds
3 Use multiplication and division to convert these times.
a 4 days � hours b 56 days � weeks c 10 minutes � seconds
d months � 6 years e 420 minutes � hours f years � 48 months
4 Work out the answers.
a Eryk is at college 5 days a week for 32 weeks. How many days is that?
days
b The TV programme lasts 2 1 __ 4 hours.
How many minutes are there in 2 1 __ 4 hours? minutes
c Susie cycles at a speed of 12 miles per hour. She cycles for 3 hours. How many miles does she cycle? miles
d Joe travelled 100 miles in 2 hours. How many miles per hour is that? miles per hour
Prac
tice
Prac
tice
Gui
ded
Exam
ple
Prac
tice
Prac
tice
Exte
nd Need more practice Almost there Got it!
By the end of this section you will know how to:
convert between different units of time
Convert between units of time8.3
1 day is 24 hours; 1 week is 7 days; 1 year is 12 months.
1 hour is 60 minutes; 1 minute is 60 seconds.
1 year is 365 days, 52 weeks or 12 months.
Key pointsHint
A leap year has an extra day � 29 February.
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Unit 13 Fractions (2)
79
1 Work out
a 3 __ 4 of 60 b 5 __
8 of 72
60 � 4 � 72 � �
� 3 � � �
2 Which is larger, 2 __ 3 of 45 or 5 __
6 of 42? You must show your working.
45 � � � � 42 � � � �
so is larger than
3 Work out 3 __ 7 of £56.
£
4 Work out 4 __ 5 of £85.
£
5 Work out 7 ___ 12
of £144.
£
6 A clothes shop gives a student discount of 1 __ 8 off the price.
A student buys a dress with a price of £128.
How much does she have to pay?
£
Exam
ple Hint
To fi nd 1 __ 4
of something divide by 4. To fi nd 3 __
4 of something divide by 4
and multiply by 3.
Prac
tice
Exte
nd
Hint
You need to subtract the discount from the price.
Use fractions to compare quantities
Need more practice Almost there Got it!
13.1
13 Fractions (2)
By the end of this section you will know how to:
Find a fraction of a quantity
Solve fraction problems
You can fi nd a fraction of a quantity by using multiplication of fractions.
You can use fractions to solve problems.
Key points Hint
To fi nd a fraction of a quantity, divide by the bottom and multiply by the top.
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8
82
Unit 14 Percentages (2)
1 Find 70% of 120.
a using a calculator 70 ____ 100
� 120 �
b using the % key 120 � 70 % answer �
c without a calculator 10% of 120 � so 70% � 7 � �
2 Work out
a 45% of 400 b 55% of 60
3 Work out
a 15% of £80 b 35% of £120
£ £
4 Which is larger
a 2 __ 3 of 60 or 70% of 55
b 2 __ 5 of 50 or 45% of 60?
Gui
ded
Exam
ple
Exam
ple Hint
Instead of 70 ___ 100 you could use 7 __ 10
or 0.7.
Prac
tice
Prac
tice
By the end of this section you will know how to:
Find a percentage of a quantity
Find percentages of quantities
Need more practice Almost there Got it!
14.1
There are a number of different ways to work out a percentage of an amount:
• when using a calculator, change the percentage to a fraction or decimal then multiply by the amount
• or, when using a calculator, you can multiply the amount by the percentage then press the percentage key on your calculator
• when not using a calculator, fi rst work out 10% and build up the percentage.
Key points
Hint
To change a percentage
to a fraction or a decimal,
divide by 100.
Hint
10% � 1 __ 10
so to fi nd 10% of
an amount, divide by 10.
14 Percentages (2)
1 Write
a 32 as a percentage of 50 32 ___ 50
� ____ 100 answer � %
b 11 as a percentage of 20 11 ___ 20
� ____ 100 answer � %
2 Work out
a 20 centimetres as a percentage of 4 metres b 15 minutes as a percentage of 2 hours
4 m � cm 20 _____ � 100 � % 2 hours � min 15 _____ � 100 � %
3 Write
a 18 as a percentage of 300 b 4 as a percentage of 25
% %
4 Work out
a 80 grams as a percentage of 2 kilograms b 400 metres as a percentage of 5 kilometres
% %
5 180 of the 600 people in a cinema are children. Work out 180 as a percentage of 600.
%
Exam
ple Hint
When working without a calculator try writing the fraction as an equivalent fraction with a denominator of 100, then the answer is the numerator.
Prac
tice
Exte
nd
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9
1 The table shows the number of students in each year group in a secondary school.
Year group Number of students11 12410 116 9 137 8 128 7 112
a How many students are in Year 11?
b Which is the largest year group?
c The senior students are in Years 10 and 11. How many senior students are there?
2 Here is part of a train timetable. It shows the time that a train leaves each station.
Station TimeBempton 1253Hunmanby 1303Filey 1308Seamer 1320Scarborough 1325
a What time does the train leave Hunmanby?
b The train is in Seamer station for 3 minutes. What time did the train arrive at Seamer?
Gui
ded
Exam
ple
Hint
Look for the largest number in the second column. Find the matching year group.
Hint
Add the number of students in Year 10 to the number of students in Year 11.
Hint
1253 is the same as 12:53 or 53 minutes past 12.
Hint
Work out the time that is 3 minutes earlier than the time shown for Seamer.
By the end of this section you will know how to:
Find and understand information given in tables
Read and interpret data presented in tables4.1
Use the labels on the rows and columns to fi nd information.
You may need to add values in a row or column to fi nd a total.
You may need to subtract one value from another in the table to fi nd a difference.
Key points
4 Interpreting data 5 The table shows the midday temperatures in fi ve towns.
Location TemperatureCardiff 23°CLancaster 21°CPoole 2°CStone 1°CWhitby 22°C
a What is the temperature in Whitby?
b Which is the coldest location?
c How much warmer is Poole than Whitby?
6 Here is part of a train timetable. It shows the time that the train leaves each station.
Station TimeThirsk 0610Northallerton 0618Darlington 0636Thornaby 0653Middlesbrough 0703
a What time does the train leave Thornaby?
b The train stops at Middlesbrough for 5 minutes. How long does it take to get from Darlington to Middlesbrough?
minutes
7 The table shows the numbers of cars sold by fi ve sales people over a four-week period.
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4Graham 3 4 3 4Jinty 4 3 4 6Matt 4 2 4 4Sally 3 3 4 5Mike 2 3 4 4
a How many cars did Mike sell in Week 2?
b How many cars were sold altogether in Week 1?
c Who sold the most cars?
d How many more cars were sold in Week 4 than in Week 3?
Prac
tice
Prac
tice
Need more practice Almost there Got it!
44
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Unit 4 Interpreting data
5 The table shows the midday temperatures in five towns.
Location TemperatureCardiff 23°CLancaster 21°CPoole 2°CStone 1°CWhitby 22°C
a What is the temperature in Whitby?
b Which is the coldest location?
c How much warmer is Poole than Whitby?
6 Here is part of a train timetable. It shows the time that the train leaves each station.
Station TimeThirsk 0610Northallerton 0618Darlington 0636Thornaby 0653Middlesbrough 0703
a What time does the train leave Thornaby?
b The train stops at Middlesbrough for 5 minutes. How long does it take to get from Darlington to Middlesbrough?
minutes
7 The table shows the numbers of cars sold by five sales people over a four-week period.
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4Graham 3 4 3 4Jinty 4 3 4 6Matt 4 2 4 4Sally 3 3 4 5Mike 2 3 4 4
a How many cars did Mike sell in Week 2?
b How many cars were sold altogether in Week 1?
c Who sold the most cars?
d How many more cars were sold in Week 4 than in Week 3?
Prac
tice
Prac
tice
Need more practice Almost there Got it!
46
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Unit 4 Interpreting data
8 The table shows the distances in miles between some English cities.
Shef
fieldMan
ches
ter
HullEx
eterDove
r
242
249
275
234
190
284
234
232
95
64 39
Worce
ster
133 159 112 102
a How far is it from Hull to Sheffield? miles
b Which city is less than 200 miles from Dover?
c Which city is closest to Hull?
d Kari drives from Dover to Sheffield and then from Sheffield to Hull. How far does she drive altogether?
miles
e Kari returns to Dover without going to Sheffield. How much shorter is this route?
miles
9 Records of rainfall in the UK go back to 1910. The table shows the amounts of rainfall for the wettest five years in that time.
Year Rainfall (mm)1954 13092000 13372002 12842008 12952012 1331
a How many of the five wettest years have occurred from 2000 onwards?
b Which year was the wettest?
c How many years are there between the two most recent entries in the table?
d How many years are there between the two oldest entries in the table?
Exte
nd
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Unit 4 Interpreting data
By the end of this section you will know how to:
Draw triangles accurately when at least one angle is given.
Draw triangles accurately when given all three sides.
Constructing triangles11.2
A metric ruler shows centimetres and millimetres; it is used to measure lines accurately.
A protractor is used to measure angles accurately.
A pair of compasses is used to locate the point of intersection of two sides of a triangle.
Key points
11 Accurate drawings
80
1 Make an accurate drawing of this triangle.
Measure the length of BC : BC = cm
2 Make an accurate drawing of this triangle.
Measure the length of EF : EF = cm
Need more practice Almost there Got it! Pr
actic
eEx
ampl
ePr
actic
ePr
actic
e
Hint
Step 2Measure an angle of 60° at A. Position the centre of the protractor at A, with the zero line along AB.Use the scale that starts at zero.
Hint
Step 3Measure 4 cm from A along the 60° line ... label this point C.Join BC.
Hint
This is just a sketch, you need to draw it full size.
Hint
Step 1Draw a line AB, 8 cm long.
Hint
Always fully label your accurate drawing.
Hint
The line DE has been drawn for you.
8 cm
60°
4 cm
8 cm
60°
60
0A B
7 cm
70°
3 cm
D
F
E
7 cmD E
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Unit 11 Accurate drawings
81
3 Make an accurate drawing of this triangle.
Measure the length of PR : PR = cm
4 Make an accurate drawing of this triangle.
Measure the lengths of JL and KL : JL = cm
KL = cm
Hint
Always fully label your accurate drawing.
Hint
Step 1Draw a line JK, 7.3 cm long.
Gui
ded
Exam
ple
Hint
Step 2Measure an angle of 40° at J. Position the centre of the protractor at J, with the zero line along JK.Use the scale that starts at zero.
Hint
Step 3Measure an angle of 60° at K.
Hint
Step 4Draw the lines JL and KL long enough so that they intersect.
10 cm50°
6 cm
P
R
Q
7.5 cm60°40°
J
L
K
7.5 cm
40°
40
0J K
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Unit 11 Accurate drawings
82
5 Make an accurate drawing of this triangle.
Measure the lengths of MP and NP : MP = cm
NP = cm
6 Make an accurate drawing of this diagram.
Measure the lengths of VY, XZ and XY :
VY = cm XZ = cm XY = cm
Prac
tice
Exam
ple
Prac
tice
Exte
nd
Hint
Start by drawing the line VWZ and measure a right-angle at W.
6 cm70°50°
M
P
N
4.5 cm 7.5 cm
30°55°V W
YX
Z
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T972a
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