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Direct Academic Vocabulary InstructionGrades K–12

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Sample leSSon

R T I

WORDLY WISE 3OOO®

3rd Edition

Book 7: Lesson 9

WordlyWise3000•Book7 83

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Study the definitions of the words. Then do the exercises that follow.Word List

For more practice and games, go to www.WordlyWise3000.com.

Lesson 9

v. Tomakespeechlesswithamazement.TheannouncementthatmycatPatchhadwon“bestofshow”dumbfounded me. dumbfounded adj. Speechlesswithamazement.Thedumbfoundedtenantsstaredattheevictionnoticeindisbelief.

v. Tofollow;tocomeasaresultoforatalatertime.Whentheheadmasterdeclaredthenextdayaholiday,shoutingandclappingensued.

n. Aparticularperiodinhistory.Theeraofspaceexplorationbeganinthe1950s.

v. 1. Tothriveorprosper.Plantsflourishinagreenhouse.2.Towaveintheair.Thesoftballplayerflourishedherhataboveherheadtoacknowledgethecrowd’scheers.n. 1. Asweepingmotion.Thestaroftheshowmadeherfirstentrancewithaflourish. 2. Ashowyburstofmusic.Theoperabeginswithaflourishoftrumpets.3. Afancylineorcurveaddedtosomethingwritten.Hisartisticnaturewasexpressedintheflourishwithwhichhesignedhisname.

n. 1. Soldiers stationed in a place to protect it. Thegarrisonheldofftheenemyforfourdaysbeforecapitulating.2. Amilitaryplaceofprotection,togetherwithitssoldiersandweapons.Thegarrisoncontrolledtheonlypassagethroughthemountainrange.v. Toprovidesoldierswithaplacetolive.Thecommanderhadtogarrisonthetroopsinanoldschoolhouse.

adj. Causinggrieforpain;hardtobear.ItwasagrievouslosstotheentirefamilywhenourpetdogTinydied.

dumbfounddum´found

ensueen soo´

eraer´ ә

flourishflur´ish

garrisongar´ ә sә n

grievousgrē´ vә s

WW3K_3ed_SB7_L1_20_EPS7607_int.indd 83 11/14/11 11:51:55 AM

84 Lesson9

v. Tosaveandputaway,especiallysecretly.Squirrelshoardacornsforthewinter.n. Anythingputawayinsuchamanner.My hoardofcomicbooksincludesseveralauthentic1930sSupermancomics.

v. 1. Tocover,aswithwaterfromaflood.Thevalleywasinundatedwhenthedamburst.2. Toloadwithanexcessiveamountornumberofsomething.Fans inundatedradiostationswithrequeststoplaytheWailers’newalbum.

adj. Impossibletodefeat.WhentheYankeeshadafifteen-gamewinningstreak,webegantothinktheywereinvincible.

n. Amemberofagroupthatsettlesbrieflyinoneplaceandthenmovesontoanother.TheBedouinsoftheSaharaandArabiandesertswerenomads. nomadic adj. (nōmad´ik)Havingthecharacteristicsofanomad.Afteracquiringhorsesinthe1760s,theCheyennebecamenomadicbuffalohuntersontheGreatPlains.

v. Tostopfrombeingangry;tocalm.IwasabletoplacatemyfriendwhenIexplainedmyreasonforbeinglate.

adj. Most important. Theadministration’sprincipalobjectiveistoreducetheschooldropoutrate.n. 1. Apersonorthingthatisofthegreatestimportance.Theclubownersandtheplayers’agentaretheprincipalsinthedisputeoverbaseballplayers’salaries.2. Theheadofaschool.Theprincipalhastheauthoritytohireextrateachersifstudentenrollmentincreases. 3. Thesumofmoneyowed,notincludingtheinterest.Youwouldneed$8,479topayofftheprincipalonthecarloan.

v. 1. Tomovebackortodroptoalowerlevel.Thetiderecededandexposedtherocksneartheshore.2. Tobecomefainter.Theblareofthemusicfromthecar’sradioreceded as it disappeared into thenight.

adj. Showingnomercy;pitiless.DiseaseandinadequatesuppliesfinallyterminatedtheruthlessinvaderAttilatheHuninfifth-centuryEurope.

hoardhôrd

inundatein´ ә n dāt

invincibleinvin´sәbәl

nomadnō´mad

placateplā´kāt

principalprin´ sә pә l

recederi sēd´

ruthlessrooth´lәs



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Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 9. Write each sentence in the space provided.

1. (a) Aflourishis (c) Agarrisonis (b) aburstofmusic. (d) atroublingsituation.

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___________________________________________________________________ 2. (a) Aprincipalis (c) Ahoardis (b) anexchangeforsomethingelse. (d) acollectionputawaysecretly.

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___________________________________________________________________ 3. (a) speechlesswithamazement. (c) Tobeinundatedistobe (b) Tobegrievousistobe (d) coveredwithwater.

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___________________________________________________________________ 4. (a) providethemwithaplacetolive. (c) trytosatisfytheirdemands. (b) Tosacrificesoldiersisto (d) Togarrisonsoldiersisto

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___________________________________________________________________ 5. (a) asumofmoneyowed. (c) Principalis (b) atruthbywhichwegovern (d) Anomadis ourselves.

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9A Finding Meanings

n. 1. Somethinggivenupforthesakeofanother.Theparentsmademanysacrificessothattheirchildrencouldgotocollege.2. Anofferingtoagod.IntheIncanculture,sacrificeswereoftenmadeduringorafteranearthquake,drought,orepidemic.v. 1. Togiveupsomethingforanother.I sacrificedmyprivacybysharingmyroomwithmysister.2. Tooffersomethingofvaluetoagod.GoatsanddogsweresacrificedattheancientRomanfestivalofLupercalia.

sacrificesak´rәfīs


86 Lesson9

dumbfound

ensue

era

flourish

garrison

grievous

hoard

inundate

invincible

nomad

placate

principal

recede

ruthless

sacrifice

6. (a) calmthatperson. (c) Toplacatesomeoneisto (b) Todumbfoundsomeoneisto (d) showthatpersonnomercy.

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___________________________________________________________________ 7. (a) preventedfrommoving. (c) speechlesswithamazement. (b) Tobedumbfoundedistobe (d) Tobeinvincibleistobe

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___________________________________________________________________ 8. (a) Anerais (c) aburstofmusicthatannounces an arrival. (b) Asacrificeis (d) somethingthatisgivenupforanother.

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___________________________________________________________________ 9. (a) lackthemeanstosupport (c) Ruthlesspeoplearethosewho themselves. (b) keepmovingfromplacetoplace. (d) Nomadicpeoplearethosewho

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___________________________________________________________________10. (a) apersonofthegreatest (c) Aflourishis importance. (b) Anerais (d) asweepingmotion.

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___________________________________________________________________11. (a) Aruthlesspersonisonewho (c) existsonlyinstories. (b) Aninvinciblepersonisonewho (d) cannotbedefeated.

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Improve each of the following sentences by crossing out the bold phrase and replacing it with a word (or a form of the word) from Word List 9.

1. Oilisthemost importantexportofSaudiArabia.

2. JohnHancockwrotehisnamewithadecorative sweeping linewhenhesignedtheDeclarationofIndependence.

3. InGreekmyths,ananimalwassometimesslaughtered as an offering byamortaltopleasethegods.

4. Somepeoplebelieveyouhavetobeunwilling to show any pity to those with whom you have dealingsinordertosucceedinbusiness.

5. Manychildhoodmemoriesgradually become fainter and fainteraswegrowolder.

6. Tennissufferedaserious and very sadlosswhenArthurAshedied.

7. Theperiod in history given the nameof“thecoldwar”endedin1990withtheeasingoftensionbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.

8. Ifthisheavyraincontinues,soilerosionwillfollow as a result of it.

9. Thesoldiers housed in a protected placesufferedfewcasualtiesduringtheattack.

9B Just the Right Word


88 Lesson9

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dumbfound

ensue

era

flourish

garrison

grievous

hoard

inundate

invincible

nomad

placate

principal

recede

ruthless

sacrifice

Circle the letter or letters of each correct answer. A question may have more than one correct answer.

1.Whichofthefollowingresponsesmightplacateaniratecustomer? (a) “Don’tblameme;Ijust (c) “Wouldyoucalmdown!”

workhere.” (b) “I’lltakecareoftheproblem.” (d) “Letmegetthemanager.”

2. Atowncanbeinundatedwithwhichofthefollowing? (a) floodwaters (c) windsofhurricaneforce (b) tourists (d) requestsfortouristinformation

3.Whichofthefollowingcanflourish? (a) abusiness (c) atree (b) acountry (d) anincident

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethelengthofanera? (a) oneyear (c) acoupleofcenturies (b) twentyseconds (d) acoupleofhours

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbehoarded? (a) health (c) food (b) wealth (d) solitude

6.Whichofthefollowingistrueofanomad? (a) ispartofagroup (c) worksata9to5job (b) hasapermanenthome (d) livesmostlyincities

7.Whichofthefollowingappliestothewordprincipal? (a) Itisnotanoun. (c) Itisanounonly. (b) Itcanbeanounoranadjective.(d) Itisanadjectiveonly.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbegrievous? (a) awound (c) aloss (b) arespite (d) aprivilege

9C Applying Meanings



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Write a synonym for each of the numbered words. Choose from the boldfaced words below.

consider joy amaze satisfy hasty manage overcrowded brave proud beg

1. cope

2. congested

3. beseech

4. ponder

5. gratify

6. haughty

7. dumbfound

8. rapture

9. impetuous

10. plucky

9D Word Study


90 Lesson9

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dumbfound

ensue

era

flourish

garrison

grievous

hoard

inundate

invincible

nomad

placate

principal

recede

ruthless

sacrifice

Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow it.

The Spanish Conquest of MexicoForovertwohundredyears,untilitwasoverthrownbySpanish

invadersin1519,theAztecempireinMexicowasaprosperousandhighlycultivatedsociety.Manyartsandsciencesflourished; theAztecsdevelopedastronomy,mathematics,engineering,agriculture,sculpture,andmusictoafarhigherdegreethandidtheEuropeansofthatera.Atthesametime,theywereawarlikepeople,ruthless in

battle,andtheirreligiousbeliefsinvolvedactsofextremecruelty.Prisonersofwarwereofferedashumansacrificestotheirmanygods.TheAztecsbelievedthatthegodshadalreadydestroyedtheworldfourtimes,andunlesstheywereplacatedinthisway,theywoulddestroyitagain.

TheAztecswereoriginallyanomadicpeoplewholivedmainlybyhunting.Aroundtheyear1300,theysettledonanislandonLakeTexcoco.Thelandtherewaswetandswampy,buttheAztecsdrainedthemarshesandbecamefarmers.Theirprincipalcropwascorn;theyalsogrewbeans,squash,andchilipeppers.Overatwo-hundred-yearperiod,theycreatedanempireextendingacrosscentralMexicofromtheGulfofMexicotothePacific.ItscapitalwasTenochtitlán,whichweknowtodayasMexicoCity.In1500,Tenochtitlánwasinundatedbyaterriblefloodthatdrownedmanyofitspeople.Afterthefloodwatershadreceded, theAztecsquicklyrebuilttheircity,butafarworsecatastrophewastofollow.

In1519,aSpanishexplorernamedHernandoCortézlandedinMexicowithanarmyof600soldiers.HeestablishedagarrisoninwhatisnowthecityofVeraCruzonMexico’seastcoast.HisplanwastodestroytheAztecarmyandtakeovertheircountryforSpain.BecausehorseswereunknowntotheAztecs,theyweredumbfoundedbythesightofpeopleonhorseback.TheybelievedtheSpanishsoldierstobegodsandthereforeinvincible.Fightingthem,theAztecsthought,wouldbepointless.SoMontezuma,theAztecemperor,allowedtheSpaniardstotakeoverhiscitywithoutanyresistance.CortéznowgavetheordersandMontezumabecameaprisonerinhisownpalace.TheSpanishdiscoveredagreathoardofgoldandsilverthere.ItwaslaterloadedontoSpanishshipsandsenttoSpain.Itisbelievedthatmuchofthetreasurewaslostatsea.

9E Passage



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WhenwordcamethatSpanishsoldiershadbeenkilledinanattackonVeraCruz,theAztecsrealizedthattheyhadmadeagrievouserrorintheirpreviousthinking.Thesestrangecreatureswerenotgodsafterall!AbattleensuedinTenochtitlán,andalthoughMontezumawaskilled,theAztecsdrovetheSpanishfromtheircity.Buttheirvictorywasonlytemporary.Cortézreturnedin1521withanotherarmythatlaidsiegetoTenochtitlán.Aftereightydays,thecitywasforcedtosurrender.TheruleoftheAztecsinMexicohadended;Spanishrulehadbegun.

Answer each of the following questions in the form of a sentence. If a question does not contain a vocabulary word from the lesson’s word list, use one in your answer. Use each word only once.

1.WhendidtheAztecsgiveuptheirnomadicwayoflife?

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2.Whatisthemeaningofflourishedasitisusedinthepassage?

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3.Whatisthemeaningofprincipalasitisusedinthepassage?

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4.WhywouldthievesfindMontezuma’spalaceespeciallyappealing?

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5.WhatgrievouseventoccurredinTenochtitlánin1500?

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6.WhywouldneighboringtribesnotwanttoantagonizetheAztecs?

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7.WhatwasaninitialpartofCortéz’splantoconquerMexico?

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92 Lesson9

dumbfound

ensue

era

flourish

garrison

grievous

hoard

inundate

invincible

nomad

placate

principal

recede

ruthless

sacrifice

8.WhatshockedtheAztecswhentheyfirstsawtheSpaniards?

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9.HowdoweknowthattheAztecsfearedtheirgods?

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10.Whatisthemeaningofsacrificesasitisusedinthepassage?

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11.WhydidtheAztecscapitulatesoreadily?

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12.WhatensuedafterthesecondsurrenderofTenochtitlán?

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13.InwhatyeardidtheAzteceraend?

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14.Whatisthemeaningofrecededasitisusedinthepassage?

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15.Whatisthemeaningofinundatedasitisusedinthepassage?

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•Flourish and flower (as verbs) aresynonyms; both can mean “tothrive.” We can say that the artsflourished, or flowered,inAthensinthe fifth century b.c.e. Bothwordscome from the Latin flos, whichmeans“aflower.”

•Don’t confuse hoard, “somethingstored away secretly,” with horde, “a large crowd or swarm.” Thesetwowords are homophones; theysoundthesamebuthavedifferentspellings and meanings.

•Don’tconfuseprincipalwithprin-ciple,whichhasthreemeanings:(1)“a rule or truth bywhichwegov-ernourselves”(Theprincipleoftheseparationofchurchandstatetrac-es to the FirstAmendment); (2) “atruth fromwhichother truths canbe worked out” (One principle ofplanegeometryisthatparallellinesnevermeet); (3)“aruleor lawthatexplains how something works”(Anelectricbellworksontheprin-cipleofthecontinuousmakingandbreakingofanelectriccurrent).


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