samples of anonymised records: a resource for ethnicity research ed fieldhouse director, sars...
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Samples of Anonymised Records: a resource for
ethnicity researchEd Fieldhouse
Director, SARs Support teamhttp://www.ccsr.ac.uk/sars
Key features of the SARs• Coverage• Full range of census
variables• Size• Ethnicity and religion• Geography• Multivariate/flexibility• Household structure• Comparability with other
census products• Easy access
1991 Census microdata
File Sample type
Geography Availability
1991 Individual SAR
2% sample of individuals
GB and NI available separately.
Divided into a total of 288 SAR areas
Online registration and access via CCSR.
Data can be downloaded in SPSS, tab or Stata. Nesstar tool available for online data exploration.
1991 Household SAR
1% sample of households
GB and NI available separately. Regional geography
The SARs family 2001File Sample type Geography Availabilit
y
Individual licenced
3% sample of individuals
UKGOR (+ Wales, Scot, NI, Inner/Outer London)
EUL CCSR
Small area microdata
5% sample of individuals
UK: LA (or consituency in NI)
EUL CCSR
Household licensed
1% hierarchical file
None:England & Wales only
Special licence UKDA
Individual CAMS
Same sample as Individual licenced SAR
LA (GB) or Constituency (NI) IMD info for SOA
In house at ONS
Household CAMS
1% hierarchical file
All of UK In house at ONS
Individual SAR• 3% sample of individuals from UK• 1.84 million records • All census variables present• Lowest geography – GOR• Access
– End User Licence (via Athens for academics – Do not attempt to identify anyone– Do not pass on data to unregistered
individual
Controlled Access Individual SAR
• 3% sample of individuals from UK• 1.84 million records • All census variables present with very
great detail• Lowest geography – LA• Access
– Only within 4 ONS offices – Rigorous application procedure by ONS– Careful vetting of outputs by ONS
Household SAR• 1% sample of households, E & W only• 225K Households; 525K individuals • All census variables present• No geography• Individuals linked within household
• Access– Special Licence - administered by UKDA– More restrictive than EUL, eg cannot use on
laptop– Applications need approval by ONS
• Same sample as SL-Household SAR, but also contains Scotland and NI
• All census variables present with very great detail
• Lowest geography – LA• Access
– Only within 4 ONS offices– Rigorous application procedure by ONS– Careful vetting of outputs by ONS
Controlled Access Household SAR
Small Area Microdata (SAM)
• 5% sample of Individuals from UK• 2.96 million records • Most census variables present –
restricted detail • Lowest geography – LA• Access
– End User Licence (via Athens for academics)
– Do not attempt to identify anyone– Do not pass on data to unregistered
individual
The 1991 Census ethnic group question asked in England, Wales and Scotland
The 2001 Census ethnic group question asked in England and Wales
The 2001 Census ethnic group question asked in Scotland
The 2001 Census ethnic group question asked in Northern Ireland
2007 Test – England and Wales
File No of ethnic group categories
Country of birth Religion
1991 Individual SAR
10 42 No
Individual licensed 2001
16 England and Wales14 Scotland2 Northern Ireland
16 9 E/W11 Scotland7 NI
Small area microdata
13 E/W8 Scotland2 NI
5 9 E/W10 Scotland7 NI
1991 Household SAR
10 42 No
SL Household licensed
16 E/W 16 9 E/W
Individual CAMS
16 E/W14 Scotland12 NI
49 9 E/W10 Scotland7 NI
Household CAMS
16 E/W 49 9 E/W10 Scotland7 NI
1991 2% Individual SAR
Frequency % of allEthnic groupWhite 1055499 94.6Black Caribbean 9804 0.9Black African 4171 0.4Black other 3444 0.3Indian 17025 1.5Pakistani 9416 0.8Bangladeshi 3283 0.3Chinese 3406 0.3Other-Asian 4319 0.4Other-other 5814 0.5Total 1116181 100
Ethnic Group for England and Wales – 2001 3% Individual Licensed SAR
Frequency % of allEthnic Group for England and WalesBritish 1409835 76.5Irish 19633 1.1Other White 41351 2.2White and Black Caribbean 7252 0.4White and Black African 2485 0.1White and Asian 5740 0.3Other Mixed 4807 0.3Indian 31894 1.7Pakistani 22188 1.2Bangladeshi 8703 0.5Other Asian 7401 0.4Black Caribbean 17396 0.9Black African 14909 0.8Other Black 2957 0.2Chinese 7030 0.4Other Ethnic Group 6797 0.4Not applicable (Scot/NI) 233147 12.6Total 1843525 100
SAM: Sample size by ethnicity (England and
Wales)Code Frequency % of all
Ethnic Group for England and Walesn/a: not resident/ not in EW -9 365473 12.3White British 1 2274532 76.7White Irish 2 32126 1.1Other White 3 67489 2.3Mixed:White&Black Carib/Black African/Black Other 4 20466 0.7Mixed:White and Asian/Other Mixed/Other 5 17238 0.6Indian (Asian/Asian British) 6 51693 1.7Pakistani (Asian/Asian British) 7 35819 1.2Bangladeshi (Asian/Asian British) 8 14014 0.5Other Asian (Asian/Asian British) 9 12092 0.4Caribbean (Black/Black British) 10 27982 0.9African (Black/Black British) 11 23737 0.8Chinese 12 11153 0.4Other 13 11057 0.4
SAM: Northern Ireland
Frequency % of allEthnic Group for Northern Irelandnot usual resident/ not in ni 2880712 97.2White 83539 2.8Other Ethnic group 620 0Total 2964871 100
SAM in Scotland
Frequency % of allEthnic Group for Scotlandn/a: not usual resident/not in Scotland 2712043 91.5White Scottish 222682 7.5Other white British 18679 0.6White Irish 2454 0.1Other white 3909 0.1Other: Caribbean, African, Black Scottish, other Black, any Mixed or other1559 0.1Indian 739 0Pakistani & other S. Asian 1977 0.1Chinese 829 0Total 2964871 100
Comparison of ethnic group categories in 1991-2001
CensusCompatible category
1991 categories
2001 categories
White White White – all three sub-categories (four in Scotland)
Black Caribbean
Black – Caribbean
Black or Black British – Black Caribbean
Black African
Black – African
Black or Black British – Black African
Indian Indian Asian or Asian British – Indian Pakistani Pakistani Asian or Asian British – Pakistani Bangladeshi
Bangladeshi Asian or Asian British – Bangladeshi
Chinese Chinese Chinese or Other Ethnic Group – Chinese
Other (not comparable over time)
Black – Other Other – Asian Other – Other
Mixed – all four sub-categories (one in Scotland) Black or Black British – Other Black Asian or Asian British – Other Asian Chinese or Other Ethnic Group – Other Ethnic Group
From Simpson and Akinwale, 2006
Ethnic group imputation in 2001
ONC Imputed %
White 5.2
Mixed 8.5
Asian 15.4
Black 13.5
Chinese and other 14.4
Overall 6.2
Item Imputation Total (including imputed)
000s % 000s %
White 1,260 88.7 45,065 92.3
Mixed 24 1.7 605 1.2
Asian 80 5.6 1,925 3.9
Black 43 3.0 868 1.8
Chinese and other 13 0.9 382 0.8
Comparing with the 100% data: England
Census p Sars pwhite British 86.99% 87.05%white Irish 1.27% 1.25%other white 2.66% 2.64%
white and black caribbean 0.47% 0.46%white and black African 0.16% 0.16%
white and Asian 0.37% 0.37%other mixed 0.31% 0.31%
Indian 2.09% 2.08%Pakistani 1.44% 1.44%
Bangladeshi 0.56% 0.56%other Asian 0.48% 0.48%Caribbean 1.14% 1.14%
African 0.97% 0.97%other black 0.19% 0.19%
Chinese 0.45% 0.45%other ethnic group 0.44% 0.44%
Comparing with the 100% data: Scotland
Census p Sars pwhite Scottish 88.09% 88.10%
other white British 7.38% 7.38%white Irish 0.98% 0.97%other white 1.54% 1.54%
Indian 0.30% 0.29%Pakistani 0.63% 0.63%
Bangladeshi 0.04% 0.04%other south Asian 0.12% 0.12%
Chinese 0.32% 0.34%Caribbean 0.04% 0.04%
African 0.10% 0.09%Black Scottish or other black 0.02% 0.02%
any mixed background 0.25% 0.25%other ethnic group 0.19% 0.19%
Key research areas on ethincity using SARs
• Ethnic differences in unemployment• Ethnic differences in educational
attainment and participation• Ethnic differences in class
attainment• Ethnic composition of families • Ethnic differences in health
Research findings: 1991 SARs: Unemployment
• In contrast to the small sample size of survey data which forces many researchers to over-collapse the categories and call all minority ethnic groups 'black', the SARs allows for detailed analysis of ethnic groups.
• Differences both between and within major ethnic groups can be explored in various aspects of their socio-economic lives while at the same time controlling for other important characteristics.
• Blackburn, Dale and Jarman (1997) showed striking differences between ethnic groups in the vulnerability to unemployment, even among people with the same level of educational qualifications. One in five (20 per cent) of UK-born Black-African men and women with higher qualifications were unemployed, but the rate for similarly qualified UK-born Whites was only one fifth as many (3 to 4 per cent). This is a case of what might be called 'ethnic penalty'
• See also Fieldhouse and Gould, 1998 on how ethnic penalties are affected by local labour market conditions using sub-regional geography in SAR
• Similar work by Simpson et al (for DWP) and Heath et al using 2001 SARs
Mixed couples – SL-HSAR
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1mean of mixedpart
Elsewhere
Other ethnic groupChinese
Other BlackBlack African
Black CaribbeanOther AsianBangladeshi
PakistaniIndian
Other MixedMixed White and Asian
Mixed White and Black AfricanMixed White and Black Caribbean
Other WhiteWhite Irish
White British
Source: Special Licence Household SAR 2001
Mixed sex couples England and Wales
Proportion of Couples of Mixed Ethnicity - by Male Partner's Ethnic Group
...and UK born
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1mean of mixedpart
UK/Ireland
Other ethnic groupChinese
Other BlackBlack African
Black CaribbeanOther AsianBangladeshi
PakistaniIndian
Other MixedMixed White and Asian
Mixed White and Black AfricanMixed White and Black Caribbean
Other WhiteWhite Irish
White British
Source: Special Licence Household SAR 2001
Mixed sex couples England and Wales
Proportion of Couples of Mixed Ethnicity - by Male Partner's Ethnic Group
Impact of age, sex, qualifications and country of birth on
economic activity (source DWP Research Report 333)
Impact of age, sex, qualifications and country of birth on economic activity
(source DWP Research Report 333
‘Ethnic penalties’ on women's economic activity (source DWP Research Report 333
‘Ethnic penalties’ on men’s unemployment (source DWP Research Report 333
Accessing the files• EUL files available online following
standard registration with the Census Registration System– Licensed Individual file 2001– Small Area Microdata file 2001– 1991 1% household and 2% individual SARs
• Special licence Household SAR (via UKDA)
• CAMS – controlled access allowed via ONS at specified sites