samsung solid-state drive pm853t - mobile...06 samsung solid-state drive pm853t rapid growth of...

© 2015 Samsung Electronics Co.

SamsungSolid-State DrivePM853Toptimized for data center environments

White Paper

Legal and additional information

About Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. inspires the world and shapes the future with transformative ideas and technologies, redefining the worlds of TVs, smartphones, wearable devices, tablets, cameras, digital appliances, printers, medical equipment, network systems and semiconductors. We are also leading in the Internet of Things space through, among others, our Digital Health and Smart Home initiatives. We employ 307,000 people across 84 countries. To discover more, please visit our official website at www.samung.com and our official blog at global.samsungtomorrow.com

For more information

For more information about the Samsung PM853T, visit www.samsung.com/business/ssd or www.samsungssd.com

Copyright © 2015 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. Nonmetric weights and measurements are approximate. All data were deemed correct at time of creation. Samsung is not liable for errors or omissions. All brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby recognized and acknowledged.

Fio is a registered trademark of Fio Corporation.Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red Hat, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.

Samsung provides this white paper for information purposes only. All information included herein is subject to change without notice. Samsung Electronics is not re-sponsible for any direct or indirect damages, arising from or related to use of this white paper.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 416, Maetan 3-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-772, Koreawww.samsung.com2015-04

ContentsLegal and additional information 02 - About Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. - For more information

Critical demand is requiring data centers to upgrade their infrastructures 04 - Executive summary - Industry trends - Choose an SSD that outperforms competitor SSDs in performance and reliability

Rapid growth of applications is placing demands on mixed workload performance 06 - Deliver consistently outstanding performance to meet various data center demands

Consistent performance and low latency is essential to satisfy QoS requirements 07 - The importance of Quality of Service (QoS) in measuring SSD performance

Samsung's endurance-tested SSDs are specifically designed for data center use 08 - Protect valuable data from loss with safeguards that ensure reliability

Priceless data is secure with robust data protection features 09

The PM853T shows performance excellence during 11 hours of work 10 - Compare the performance of the PM853T with a multi-level-cell SSD

Preconditioning helps ensure a measureable steady state 11 - Determine sustained state performance for measurable results

The PM853T outperforms its counter-part in various data center scenarios 12 - Operate at high efficiency with an SSD that outperforms its counterparts

Superior mixed workload performance was obtained at various read/write ratios 14

A lower latency was determined when compared with a competitor SSD 15

The latency of the PM853T is 20 percent faster when using mixed patterns 17

Transition and steady state performance is superior to its counterpart 18

The competitor SSD's write latency is three times higher than the PM853T 19

The PM853T's response time is more than a third faster than the competitor SSD 20

In virtual environment performance, the PM853T exceeds its counterpart 21

Greater throughput was determined in database and file server applications 22

Comparisons conclude that the PM853T is the smart choice in data center SSDs 23 - Conclusion

Samsung PM853T 24 - Specifications

Appendix A - Data center workload analysis 25

Appendix B - Performance data 26

04 Samsung Solid-State Drive PM853T

Critical demand is requiring data centersto upgrade their infrastructures

Executive summary

Data centers have to serve requests from diverse applications and databases with numerous kinds of services, each of which

requires different performance needs. Therefore, IT managers want SSDs that are optimized to handle :

• Sustained performance. Maintain a high performance level for long periods of time, especially important in cloud data

center environments that are expected to guarantee certain processing level standards

• Mixed performance. Deliver outstanding performace under mixed workloads, typical of diverse data center applications

that simultaneously access the same device

• Input/output per second (IOPS) consistency. Retain consistent IOPS performance under various workloads

Designed to deliver optimal performance under data centers' varying workloads, the Samsung PM853T has proven to display

superior performance in a real data center environment. Plus, its enhanced reliability features ensure uninterrupted operation

regardless of power losses. The PM853T is the preferred choice for data center IT managers.

Industry trends

In recent years there has been an unprecedented growth in data center traffic, driven by both business and consumer demand.

Employees are more connected than ever, whether in the office or on the move around the globe, using various mobile devices for

emailing, texting and video conferencing. Likewise, consumer traffic on the Internet and use of mobile devices are on the rise, from

online banking and purchasing to social networking and video on demand (VOD).

As a result, data centers are tasked with handling enormous volumes of various kinds of data 24/7, 365 days a year and are

beginning to reach their limits of tangible capacity. Plus, an increasing number of businesses are turning to cloud computing as a

more practical way to store and share data, requiring data centers to adapt accordingly. IT managers are scrambling to upgrade their

infrastructures to meet critical demand to encompass all facets of ever-evolving technology needs.

optimized for data center environments 05

Choose an SSD that outperforms competitor SSDs in performance and reliability

IT administrators continually strive to improve their data centers' read and write speeds. When used in a data center server, the

PM853T is able to handle database I/Os approximately 7 to 23 percent faster than competitor SSDs. And when used in an online

transaction processing system, it is able to serve about 20 percent more transactions per second (TPS) than the competitor model.

In a web server, the PM853T achieves about an 18 percent performance gain over competitor model greatly to enhancing the

system's performance. In general, the PM853T typically provides about 2 to 3 times faster performance and higher consistency

than its counterparts, making it perfectly suited for the data center environment.

This white paper explains how the Samsung PM853T can deliver sustainable performance, mixed performance and consistency in

all aspects of the data center environment, as well as high reliability. Features discussed include:

• Consistent high-quality performance. Delivers consistent performance under diverse workloads to meet various data

center demands.

• Advanced Error-Correcting Code (ECC) engine. Corrects read failures to greatly improve the reliability of the data stored

in the memory for higher error correction and endurance than the BCH code can deliver alone.

• End-to-end protection. Extends error detection to cover the entire path, from the host interface to the NAND flash

memory in the SSD for superior data integrity.

• Power-loss protection. Ensures no data loss during unexpected power failures by using the power supply of tantalum

capacitors to borrow enough time to store all cached data to flash memory.

• SMART technology. Anticipates failures and warns users of impending drive failure, enabling time to replace the ailing

drive to avoid data loss and system failure malfunctions.

• Thermal throttling. Regulates the temperature of the hardware components automatically to protect them from

overheating by managing its performance level to prevent data loss.


Rapid growth of applications is placingdemands on mixed workload performance

Deliver consistently outstanding performance to meet various data center demands

Data centers use a varied panel of applications, such as web applications, email services, search engines and databases that include

numerous kinds of services. Key performance factors that data center administrators seek in SSDs include :

Mixed workload performance

The I/O workloads generated in data centers involve a combination of various read/write mix ratios, request sizes and Native

Command Queuing (NCQ) Queue Depth (QD).

Table 1 describes the characteristics of real-life data center workloads based on profiling commercial applications and commonly used

benchmarks, such as the TPC-C and TPC-H. The TPC is a non-profit organization created to evaluate the performance of computer

systems, and the TPC-C specifically is an online transaction processing benchmark.

Most applications are characterized by read intensive and random access with 4 KB to 64 KB request sizes. In particular, read operations

need to be served in priority since they are usually blocking applications that are waiting for completion before further execution.

The mixed workload of data centers continues to increase due to the rapid growth of applications, services and content. The

PM853T is especially designed to answer the needs of data center applications beyond improving basic read/write performances to

also delivering outstanding performance under mixed workloads.

To be suitable for a data center, an SSD must maintain a high performance level for extended periods of time under various workloads simultaneously.

Table 1. Mixed ratios of read and write for realistic data center workloads

TypeMain Request Sizes

(KB)Random (%) Read (%)

Web ServerA 4 KB, 8 KB, 64 KB ~ 75% ~ 95%

B 4 KB, 8 KB ~ 99% ~ 61%

Mail ServerA 0.5 KB, 32 KB ~ 95% ~ 58%

B 0.5 KB ~ 44% ~ 44%

Database OLTPA 8 KB ~ 70% ~ 70%

B 4 KB, 8 KB ~ 67% ~ 67%

Database ServerA 4 KB ~ 100% ~ 52%

B 8 KB ~ 100% ~ 90%

Server-Side CacheA 4 KB ~ 100% ~ 25%

B 4 KB ~ 100% ~ 65%

File ServerA 8 KB ~ 75% ~ 90%

B 4 KB ~ 80% ~ 80%


Consistent performance and low latency isessential to satisfy QoS requirements

The importance of QoS in measuring SSD performance

QoS is an important indicator that measures the performance of an SSD.

Storage QoS is measured by how many msec it takes the drive to process 99.99 percent of the total I/Os. For example, if the QoS of

an SSD (99.99 Percentile) is 1 msec, the host drive can transmit 9,999 of 10,000 I/Os a msec. However, in the real world, the host

server transmits millions or billions of I/Os to the SSD drive. Thus, if the host drive transmits one hundred million I/Os to the SSD

drive, 99,990,000 I/Os can be processed within 1 msec (99.99 Percentile). Under the same conditions, if another SSD had a QoS

(99.99 percentile) of 10 msec, it means that it took 10 msec to handle 99,990,000 I/Os on the SSD side. Hence, a 1 msec QoS for an

SSD (99.99 percentile) is much better than an SSD that has a 10-msec latency in the QoS (99.99 percentile). Even though 1 msec

versus 10 msec appears to be an extremely small difference, from a QoS point of view, 9 additional msec is a substantial difference.

This is of particular importance for IT managers of cloud data center environments, where they are expected to provide guaranteed

Service Level Agreement (SLA) through parallel processing performance and real-time processing.

In order to satisfy QoS requirements, it is necessary to maintain both consistent performance and low latency. Latency is the

response time of the SSD, or the time between a request to read or write data is initiated and when the SSD completes the request.

The lower the latency, that faster the data transmission speed.

In this example, each VM is allocated to different customers with the same SLA and is expected to provide identical performance.

If a certain VM accesses the device while the device is undergoing internal SSD-specific behaviors, such as garbage collection (GC)

or wear leveling, at the access time, that particular VM will show unexpected performance degradations. This degradation would

violate the SLA and negatively impact the user experience. Therefore, providing consistent performance is considered a mandatory

requirement for data center SSDs.

Another trend in data center applications is the growing number of outstanding I/Os due to the increase in the number of cores

per processor, the number of VMs and maximum application parallelism. Therefore, I/O performance under high QDs has become

increasingly important to IT managers in order for them to maximize the overall system throughput. The high QD enables SSDs to

fully exploit internal parallelism among multiple NAND flash memories and deliver optimal random and sequential performances to

the host system.

Figure 1. Write latency variations of VMs sharing a single SSD


Samsung's endurance-tested SSDs arespecifically designed for data center use

Protect valuable data from loss with safeguards that ensure reliability

As a global leader in memory technology, Samsung is able to offer data centers superb SSDs that deliver exceptional performance

with high reliability for uninterrupted operation regardless of power losses. The NAND chips used in the PM853T are carefully sorted

and selected from the highest quality wafers using sophisticated binning algorithms. They are then tuned to increase endurance

and painstakingly tested at both the component and system level before they are deemed appropriate for use in a datacenter

quality SSD. The PM853T provides exceptional performance with a low latency rate. Samsung's next-generation SSD controller in

the PM853T supports NAND flash and storage capacities up to 960GB. Its enhanced reliability is supported by the following features :

Achieve high error correction with the advanced ECC engine

Every NAND page contains a few bytes of extra capacity that the SSD uses to store parity bits. The ECC uses these parity bits to

compensate for other bits that may fail during normal drive operation. When the controller detects a read failure, it will summon the

ECC to recover. BCH code is commonly used to correct the error in NAND flash memories, but is insufficient to achieve high error

correction and endurance goals. Therefore, it is highly desirable to deploy an advanced ECC to further improve the reliability of SSDs.

The PM853T uses a proprietary advanced ECC engine, which is able to drastically improve the reliability of the data stored in NAND.

Figure 2 shows a comparison of the Uncorrectable Bit Error Rate (UBER) in NAND flash memory for the BCH code and Samsung's

proprietary advanced ECC engine, including the lifetime advantage of its use. At the identical number of program/erase (P/E)

cycles, the NAND flash memory, using Samsung's advanced ECC engine, has a significantly lower UBER, providing enhanced

endurance levels for the PM853T.

Detect and correct errors globally with end-to-end data protection

The SSD employs parity generation and check functions, as well as user data protection with Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) and

the ECC engine. The PM853T implements end-to-end data protection using an overlapping data protection (CRC/ECC) mechanism,

and offers data integrity by detecting and correcting the error in the data path from the host interface to the flash memory.

Figure 2. Samsung's proprietary advanced ECC engine performance


Priceless data is secure withrobust data protection features

Guard data against unexpected outages with power-loss protection

In normal power off cases, the host ensures that there is enough time to preserve data integrity by transmitting the standby

command to the devices. However, in some cases, SSDs experience unexpected power loss, such as users unplugging power from

the system without notice, unexpected power outages, sudden battery loss or users unplugging devices from the system. When an

unexpected power loss occurs, the cached data in the device's internal buffers (DRAM) can be lost.

To prevent loss of user data, the PM853T has been designed with power-loss protection architecture. When an external power loss

is detected, the PM853T uses the power supply of the tantalum capacitors to borrow enough time to store all cached data to the

flash memory, ensuring no loss of data. The capacitors are made from the chemical element tantalum, chosen for its high heat and

electrical conductivity.

Anticipate impending drive failures with SMART technology alerts

To further enhance device dependability, the PM853T has instituted Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART),

which detects and reports on various reliability indicators monitored by the host system. This technology warns users of impending

drive failure, enabling the user to replace an ailing drive to avoid data loss and/or unexpected system failure provoked by device

malfunction.

Avoid overheating and data loss with thermal throttling

Cooling systems are commonly used in data centers to prevent overheating of the server equipment. However, despite the cooling

solutions, when the SSD is continuously processing requests at a fast rate, its internal temperature can increase beyond a certain

point, which can damage hardware components, resulting in data loss.

To address this issue, the PM853T is equipped with a mechanism that automatically regulates its temperature internally and

protects itself from overheating. When the temperature exceeds a safe threshold, the PM853T internally delays the handling of

requests to enable the temperature to drop back down to normal operating levels to protect both the data and hardware.

The PM853T is equipped with advanced features that provide early warning signs and data backup protection to prevent data loss.


The PM853T shows performanceexcellence during 11 hours of work

Compare the performance of the PM853T with a multi-level cell SSD

To evaluate the SSD's performance, the PM853T 480 GB SSD was tested in typical non-RAID, RAID1 or RAID5 configurations, and

compared with a multi-level-cell (MLC) SSD. (RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disk, a technology that connects two

or more hard drives to improve storage performance and protect against hardware failure.)

For accurate evaluation, the SSDs were preconditioned to the sustained state before testing. (The importance of preconditioning is

explained below.) Experimental results include the performance of QDs 1 to 32, the maximum supported by the PM853T. See Table

2 for details on the experimental setup and test parameters.

Figure 3 illustrates the performance excellence of the PM853T during 11 hours of work. The PM853T shows much lower latency

than the competitor model SSD with much less standard deviation, which means that the performance is significantly more

consistent. Also, the IOPS is greater with much less standard deviation.

Processor Intel® CoreTM i5-3550 @3.40 GHz

Memory 4GB DDR3-1600

Motherboard Intel C216 Family

RAID Card LSI MegaRAID SAS 9270-8i (SAS2208) @RAID Test

SATA Mode AHCI (Version : 9.3.0.1011)

Operating System RedHad Enterprise Linux 6.4

Test Suit and WorkloadsTool : Fio 2.1.3, Jetstress, IOMeterTrace : TPC-C

SSD Precondition Sustained state (or steady state)

Target SSD PM853T 480 GB, Competitor MLC SSD

RAID Set Sustained state (or steady state)

Table 2. Experimental setup and test parameters

Figure 3. Consistency comparison during 11 hours (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


Preconditioning helps ensurea measureable steady state

Determine sustained state performance for measurable results

When choosing the right SSD for a data center, one must have an understanding of preconditioning and how it plays an essen-

tial role in achieving reproducible, representative results. In Figure 4, all SSDs show different performance levels in fresh out of the

box (FOB), transition and steady states. The FOB state is when an SSD has experienced a very small number of P/E cycles since its

manufacture. Due to NAND characteristics, physical blocks must be erased before writing data. When there is no user data in the

FOB state, it is natural for the write performance during that state to be much higher than later on.

As data is written to the SSD, the write performance tends to decrease. The transition state begins when the device begins having to

move existing user data from previously written blocks in order to make space to write newly received user data. As these additional

program and erase operations continue, overall write performance gradually decreases. Eventually, the SSD reaches a saturated

write performance that is referred to as the steady or sustained state.

To reach the steady state, Samsung recommends executing a fullspan 128 KB sequential write operation reaching the SSD's user

capacity, as well as a 100 percent 4 KB random write operation reaching two times the total capacity. This preconditioning will help

ensure a measurable steady state going forward. In this white paper, sustained performance, mixed workload performance and QoS

are measured in the steady state after preconditioning.

Figure 4. IOPS variations from FOB to steady state


The PM853T outperforms its counterpart invarious data center scenarios

Operate at high efficiency with an SSD that outperforms its counterparts

The PM853T not only offers high random and sequential performances, but consistent and low latencies in read and write

operations, all vital requirements for data centers to operate at high efficiency. Since data center SSDs have to serve requests from

diverse applications in multiple VMs on multi-core processors, performance consistency is essential. In particular, the PM853T is

highly suitable for data center applications because of its predominant IOPS and latency QoS performance.

Thorough performance evaluations demonstrate that the PM853T outperforms a competitor SSD in various realistic data center

workloads, as well as synthetic benchmarks. The main characteristics of the PM853T are as follows :

Obtain improved sustained performance over competitor SSDs

The largest part of the data center workload is random read/write and the most representative measurement of an SSD's strength is its

random read/write performance in the steady state. It is the basic indicator of how well the drive will perform in actual application usage.

Figure 5. Comparison of sustained random read/write performance (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


Figure 5 shows the sustained random read/write performance of the PM853T compared with the competitor model SSD for diverse

RAID configurations and QD. QD 1 to 32 have been evaluated, but only representative values are shown in the figure. While the

random read 100 percent performance is similar for both drives, the PM853T clearly shows higher performance in random write

100 percent. Especially in non-RAID and RAID 1 configurations, the PM853T performs about 10 to 25 percent better than the

competitor model SSD.

Figure 6 shows the sequential read/write performance in which the PM853T demonstrates better performance than its coun-

terpart. Although the performance gap differs depending on the QD and the RAID configuration, for the sequential read, the

PM853T performs 3 to 29 percent better than the competitor model SSD and 4 to 23 percent better for the sequential write.

Figure 6. Comparison of sequential read/write sustained performance (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


Superior mixed workload performance wasobtained at various read/write ratios

Achieve superior mixed workload performance at various read/write ratios

In actual data centers, most workloads are not comprised of 100 percent random reads or 100 percent random writes. Data center

workloads mix reads and writes together with a ratio that differs depending on the type of service and are key factors IT managers

seek when deciding on an SSD. Figure 7 shows the SSDs' performance behavior under a mixed workload, similar to a real data center

environment. For read/write ratios of 25/75 percent, 50/50 percent and 75/25 percent, the PM853T presents overall superior

performances over a competitor SSD.

As shown in Figure 7, depending on the read/write ratio, the performance difference changes, but the PM853T delivers from at

least identical up to 26 percent superior performance over a competitor SSD. These results show that the PM853T can contribute

greatly to improving the data center system's overall performance as a result of its outstanding performance with mixed workloads.

Figure 7. Comparison of mixed random performance (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


A lower latency was determinedwhen compared with a competitor SSD

Figure 8. QoS comparison in a random read/write 100 percent (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)

Maintain consistent steady performance with low latency

QoS is measured by the consistency of steady performance that the device delivers. Low latency is also necessary to satisfy QoS

requirements. As demand for QoS in performance increases in the data center environment, it is vitally important that the SSDs can

handle the task.

Figure 8 shows the PM853T with a lower latency than a comparable SSD for non-mixed, 100 percent random reads or writes, which

translates into improved QoS. In terms of QoS 99.9 percentile, the random read latency is about three times lower and the random

write latency is about two times lower. For sequential reads and writes, the PM853T also shows better QoS results. At sequential 100

percent read and QD of 32 (QD=32), the PM853T shows a lower latency, and at sequential 100 percent write and QD of 32, it shows

approximately two times lower latency compared to a competitor SSD.


The QoS for mixed workloads is an important indicator of the drive's performance in a real data center. Among the numerous

possible kinds of mixed workloads with different read/write ratios, the two commonly used read/write ratios of 25/75 percent and

75/25 percent have been used for the following performance evaluation. Figure 9 shows that the PM853T also presents superior

QoS results in mixed workloads.

As shown in Figure 9, the latency of both products is similar in random 75 percent for lower QD (QD < 8). However, as QD increases (QD

≥8),thePM853Tisfasterandshowslowerlatencies,whichtranslateintoimprovedQoS.

In summary, while the PM853T shows low latencies through all performance evaluations, it also presents QoS 99.9 percent

latencies significantly lower than a competitor SSD under test conditions similar to real data center environments.

Figure 9. QoS comparison in a random read/write 75 percent mixed workload (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


The latency of the PM853T is 20 percent fasterwhen using mixed patterns

In order to evaluate more precisely the usefulness of the PM853T with real data center workloads, in the following experiment,

different combinations of request sizes and read/write ratios have been used to compare the maximum and average performance

of the PM853T with a competitor SSD. See Figure 10.

As seen in Figure 10, in the write 100 percent case (i.e. read 0 percent), the PM853T's average latency is as much as 18 to 20

percent faster than the competitor model SSD. When considering the fact that real data center workloads are essentially mixed

patterns, the most relevant latency data for a data center user experience is the read 65 percent workload. Factoring that in, the

PM853T's average latency is 20 percent faster compared with its counterpart.

As for maximum latency, there is an even larger gap between the PM853T and the competitor model SSD. In the case of read

0 percent (i.e. write 100 percent), even though the maximum latency results differ depending on the request size, the PM853T's

maximum latency is at least 45 percent faster than Samsung's counterpart.

Figure 10. I/O latency comparison by request size (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


Transition and steady state performance is superior to its counterpart

Retain consistent performance in transition and steady states

The PM853T has been optimized to decrease

performance variations in both the steady state and

the transition state. Figure 11 shows the magnitude

of the performance drop between the FOB and

the steady state. While the PM853T's initial per-

formance in the FOB state starts slightly higher than

a competitor SSD, its performance in transition and

steady states is superior.

While the competitor MLC SSD shows a resulting

dropped IOPS curve in the transition state, the

PM853T tries to lessen the performance degradation

in spite of the transition state.

The results of the evaluation for RAID environments also show that the PM853T is superior to other products.

To measure the performance consistency, 4 KB random read and write performance for RAID sets was evaluated and the IOPS

consistency measured. The IOPS consistency is defined by the IOPS in the 99.9th percentile divided by the average IOPS times 100

and performed on a full logical block-addressing (LBA) span of the drive.

IOPS Consistency = ((IOPS in the 99.9th percentile) ÷ (Average IOPS)) × 100

As shown in Table 3, IOPS consistency of various RAID sets for several QDs is above 89 percent of the average IOPS. At random read

for non-RAID, IOPS consistency shows a higher ratio, such as 99, 95 and 99 percent for QD 1, 8 and 32 respec-tively.

Table 3. IOPS consistency specification

* IOPS consistency in the 99.9th percentile is crucial for Cloud data center environments, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS). See: https://aws.amazon.com/ebs/faqs/

PM853T

Queue Depth = 1 Queue Depth = 8 Queue Depth = 32

RandomRead 100%

Non-RAID 99.0% 95.0% 99.4%

RAID 1 90.4% 91.0% 91.2%

RAID 5 89.5% 90.8% 91.1%

RandomWrite 100%

Non-RAID 91.4% 92.3% 92.2%

RAID 1 91.0% 91.7% 92.4%

RAID 5 90.4% 91.0% 91.2%

Figure 11. Comparison of IOPS variation (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)


The competitor SSD's write latency isthree times higher than the PM853T

The PM853T's IOPS consistency across various QDs is higher than or equal to the competitor SSD as shown in Figure 12. At random

write 100 percent, the PM853T displays an IOPS consistency between 90 and 92 percent. On the other hand, the competitor SSD

shows a significantly larger variation of IOPS consistency between 72 and 92 percent.

Enhance the user experience with faster response times

To evaluate the user experience and performance in data centers, a utility tool provided by Microsoft® called Jetstress was used.

This tool evaluates exchange storage subsystem performance. In Table 4, the PM853T shows higher values of Transaction I/O Per

Second (TPSE) and faster latency compared to the competitor SSD. In particular, the database (DB) write latency for the competitor

SSD is three times higher than the PM853T.

Figure 12. Comparison of IOPS consistency (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)

Table 4. Benchmark results (Jetstress test)

JetstressTPSE

(Transaction Processing Service Element)DB Read Latency DB Write Latency

Competitor MLC SSD 5,663 9.7 ms 19.7 ms

PM853T 5,756 7.4 ms 6.4 ms


The PM853T's response time is more thana third faster than the competitor SSD

Table 5 and Figure 13 show the results of TPC-C, an online transaction processing benchmark. The PM853T has a higher TPS and

a lower response time than the competitor SSD. In the TPC-C benchmark, the PM853T achieved 21.8 percent more TPS and its

average response time was 36.3 percent faster that its counterpart, indicating that the PM853T would serve about 20 percent more

TPS in an actual data center. Therefore, using the PM853T would lower the number of servers needed, thereby lowering overall data

center expenses and reducing total cost of ownership (TCO).

Table 5. Benchmark results (TPC-C)

Figure 13. TPC-C performance comparison (PM853T vs. a competitor MLC SSD)

TPC-CTPS

(Transactions per Second)Average Response Time (ms)

Competitor MLC SSD 8,645 11 ms

PM853T 10,534 7 ms


In virtual environment performance,the PM853T exceeds its counterpart

The most significant benefit of virtualization is to achieve high performance by sharing hardware resources, a trend that is rapidly

increasing in use. Thus, virtualization storage performance is becoming increasingly important. Figure 14 shows random read and

write performance results in a virtual environment using multiple VMs. Overall the PM853T provides better performance compared

with the competitor SSD.

Figure 14. Performance in a VM environment


Greater throughput was determined indatabase and file server applications

Figure 16. Performance in web and exchange servers

Figure 15 shows the PM853T's throughput when used in a DB and file server, while Table 6 shows workloads that are used in

performance measurements for DBs and file servers. As seen in Figure 15, the PM853T takes the lead in this throughput comparison.

Regarding DB and file server usage, the PM853T's throughput in QD16 is as much as 7 to 18 percent better respectively than the

competitor SSD. In more than QD16, the PM853T's IOPS is ahead of this comparison by more than 23 and 33 percent respectively.

Figure 16 illustrates that the PM853T's real usage is much more powerful than the competitor MLC SSD in web and exchange servers.

In the case of QD32 of the web server, the PM853T easily outpaces the competitor model SSD by about 27 percent. Furthermore, the

PM853T's IOPS of exchange in reference to the server is always well ahead of the counterpart in this comparison.

Table 6. Representative workload for a database and file server

Workload composition

Database server 8 KB - random read / write mixed pattern (read 67%, write 33%)

File server512 B 10%, 1 KB 5%, 2 KB 5%, 4 KB 60%, 8 KB 2%, 16 KB 4%, 32 KB 4%, 64 KB 10%

random read / write mixed pattern (read 80%, write 20%)

Figure 15. Performance in a database and file server


Comparisons conclude that the PM853T isthe smart choice in data center SSDs

Conclusion

The PM853T proves to be the superior data center SSD solution with high random read and write performances, as well as

outstanding performance under mixed workloads. Both factors significantly improve data centers' ability to handle the rapid growth

of applications, services and content. Consistent performance is also superior to the competitor model, enabling data centers to

achieve read/write QoS and low latency, which is especially important in cloud environments.

In addition, enhanced lifetime reliability is significantly optimized in the PM853T because of its adoption of Samsung's NAND flash

technology. With its advanced ECC and NAND flash management, data centers can achieve high error correction and endurance

levels. Plus, end-to-end data protection checks and corrects errors in the data path, while power-loss protection ensures data

recovery during unexpected outages. Furthermore, SMART technology and thermal throttling provide additional safeguards to

ensure data center hardware and data are protected from unforeseen mishaps.

In each test, the PM853T meets or exceeds the rigorous performance and reliability requirements necessary for data centers to

operate at optimal levels. Ideally, the PM853T is the smartest choice for demanding data center environments.

* All data and test results aforementioned in this white paper are from a Samsung data lab and may vary in other conditions and specific circumstances.** The results shown here should be looked at as a performance comparison and not as an absolute benchmark of performance, and there is no guarantee that the same or similar results will be obtained elsewhere.


Samsung PM853T

Specifications

1. The storage capacity stated in the product specifications may be lower than the capacity reported by your computer's operating system due to difference in measurement standards. (As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, megabit per second (Mb/s) = one million bits per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.)2. In addition, some of the above capacity is used for formatting, partitioning and other functions and will not be available for data storage.

* Actual performance may vary depending on use condition and environment

Samsung PM853T

Form factor 2.5 inches

Capacity 240 / 480 / 960 GB

Host Interface SATA3 - 6 Gb/s

Encryption AES 256-bit Hardware Encryption

Mean time 2.0 million hours

Uncorrectable bit 1 in 1017

Power consumption Active Read/Write : 2.7 Watt/3.8 Watt, Idle : 1.2 Watt

TBW- 240 GB : 150 TBW- 480 GB : 300 TBW- 960 GB : 600 TBW

Cache power protection Supported

Sequential R/W (MB/s) Up to 530 / 420 MB/s

Random R/W (IOPs) Up to 90,000 / 14,000

Physical dimensions 100mm x 70mm x 7mm

Weight 63g


Appendix A - Data center workload analysis

TypeMain Request

SizeSequential

ReadRandom

ReadSequential

WriteRandom

Write

Web Server Script(Synthetic)

A 4 KB, 8 KB, 64 KB 24% 71% 1% 4%

B 0.5 KB, 4 KB 0% 100% 0% 0%

C 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB+ 24% 71% 1% 4%

D 16 KB+ 0% 50% 0% 50%

Web Server

A 4 KB, 8 KB 0% 29% 20% 51%

B 4 KB, 8 KB 0% 61% 1% 38%

C 16 KB 22% 50% 24% 4%

D 4 KB 0% 2% 14% 84%

Exchange Server(Synthetic)

A 4 KB 0% 67% 0% 33%

B 4 KB 0% 67% 0% 33%

Search Engine(Synthetic)

A 4 KB, 8 KB,16 KB 0% 100% 0% 0%

Video on Demand(Synthetic)

A 512 KB 100% 0% 0% 0%

B 512 KB 0% 100% 0% 0%

C 16 KB+ 0% 100% 0% 0%

Mail ServerA 0.5 KB, 32 KB 0% 58% 5% 37%

B 0.5 KB 0% 0% 56% 44%

Database OLTPA 8 KB 0% 70% 0% 30%

B 4 KB, 8 KB 0% 67% 0% 33%

DBMS(Synthetic)

A 8 KB 0% 67% 0% 33%

B 8 KB 0% 67% 0% 33%

Decision SupportSystem

A 8 KB, 512 KB 5% 94% 1% 0%

CacheA 4 KB 0% 25% 0% 75%

B 4 KB 0% 65% 0% 35%

File Server(Synthetic)

A 8 KB 23% 67% 3% 7%

B 4 KB 0% 80% 0% 20%

Table 7. Workload analysis


Appendix B - Performance data

Table 8. Sustained read/write performance

Table 9. Mixed read/write performance

PM853TQueue Depth =1 Queue Depth = 8 Queue Depth = 32

RandomRead 100%(IOPS)

Non-RAID 8 K 51 K 90 K

RAID 1 7 K 50 K 121 K

RAID 5 7 K 52 K 157 K

RandomWrite 100%(IOPS)

Non-RAID 14 K 14 K 14 K

RAID 1 15 K 28 K 28 K

RAID 5 2 K 10 K 16 K

SequentialRead 100%(MB/s)

Non-RAID 450 430 530

SequentialWrite 100%(MB/s)

Non-RAID 380 410 420

PM853TQueue Depth = 1 Queue Depth = 8 Queue Depth = 32


Non-RAID 1.9 K 4.6 K 4.6 K

RAID 1 2.1 K 7.4 K 9.4 K

RAID 5 0.8 K 3.0 K 5.0 K


Non-RAID 3.3 K 10.8 K 13.4 K

RAID 1 3.5 K 14.3 K 25.2 K

RAID 5 1.9 K 7.7 K 13.5 K


Non-RAID 5.1 K 20.5 K 31.9 K

RAID 1 5.1 K 23.3 K 47.9 K

RAID 5 3.7 K 16.6 K 31.4 K


Non-RAID 1.7 K 6.8 K 10.6 K

RAID 1 1.7 K 7.7 K 15.9 K

RAID 5 2.4 K 9.1 K 15.1 K


Non-RAID 3.3 K 10.8 K 13.4 K

RAID 1 3.5 K 14.3 K 25.2 K

RAID 5 1.9 K 7.7 K 13.4 K


Non-RAID 5.7 K 14.0 K 14.0 K

RAID 1 6.3 K 22.2 K 28.2 K

RAID 5 1.2 K 5.5 K 10.4 K


PM853TQueue Depth = 1 Queue Depth = 8 Queue Depth = 32


Non-RAID 90.9% 90.8% 89.9%

RAID 1 91.4% 90.5% 92.5%

RAID 5 82.8% 90.5% 91.4%


Non-RAID 91.5% 91.9% 92.1%

RAID 1 90.5% 90.7% 92.0%

RAID 5 87.5% 92.1% 91.9%


Non-RAID 92.8% 89.4% 81.6%

RAID 1 89.4% 91.3% 91.7%

RAID 5 90.6% 91.9% 92.4%


Non-RAID 99.0% 95.0% 99.4%

RAID 1 90.2% 90.9% 91.4%

RAID 5 88.9% 90.8% 88.1%


Non-RAID 89.5% 89.1% 82.1%

RAID 1 88.8% 91.3% 92.2%

RAID 5 90.6% 92.2% 91.0%


Non-RAID 91.6% 93.1% 93.7%

RAID 1 90.0% 91.9% 91.0%

RAID 5 90.9% 91.9% 91.5%


Non-RAID 91.2% 93.8% 93.2%

RAID 1 89.2% 91.7% 92.7%

RAID 5 92.0% 91.0% 90.8%


Non-RAID 91.4% 92.3% 92.2%

RAID 1 91.2% 92.0% 91.4%

RAID 5 90.4% 91.0% 91.2%

Table 10. IOPS consistency for mixed random

PM853T (Non-RAID, 1 drive)Queue Depth = 1 Queue Depth = 8 Queue Depth = 32

RandomRead 100%

Qos 99.9% 0.2 ms 0.3 ms 0.5 ms

Qos 99.9999% 1.6 ms 1.5 ms 2.6 ms

RandomWrite 100%

Qos 99.9% 0.1 ms 1.0 ms 4.9 ms

Qos 99.9999% 0.7 ms 1.8 ms 43.8 ms

SequentialRead 100%

Qos 99.9% 0.3 ms 4.2 ms 7.8 ms

Qos 99.9999% 1.7 ms 8.1 ms 14.5 ms

SequentialWrite 100%

Qos 99.9% 0.3 ms 8.3 ms 11.4 ms

Qos 99.9999% 1.0 ms 13.9 ms 17.6 ms

Table 11. QoS (Latency)

www.samsung.com/semiconductor/ssd

samsung solid-state drive pm853t - mobile...06 samsung solid-state drive pm853t rapid growth of...

Documents