sanitary landfill.docx

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Sanitary Landfill, Waste Management System with

Environmentally OrientationThe interpretation of sanitary landfill is currently a popular word in the waste

management system with sustainable and environmentally orientation. What isSanitary Landfill? Before exploring the answer, !d li"e to say that this article willdiscuss about the definition of sanitary landfills, what connection with the wastemanagement system, and appropriate instructions for the build # design of SanitaryLandfill both based ulititas and site selection.

Site Preparation for Sanitary Landfill

Sanitary Landfill

Sanitary Landfill sites where waste is isolated from the environment until it is safe . tis considered when it has completely degraded biologically, chemically and physically.n high$income countries, the level of isolation achieved may be high. %owever, suchan expensive high level of isolation may not be technically necessary to protect publichealth. &our basic conditions should be met before a site can be regarded as asanitary landfill 'see following.( The ways of doing this should be adapted to localconditions. The immediate goal is to meet, to the best extent possible, the four


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stated basic sanitary landfill conditions, with a longer term goal to meet themeventually in full. That is why Sanitary Landfill "nown as reliable waste managementsystem and environmentally orientation.

Small incremental improvements in landfill design and operation over several

years are more likely to succeed than attempts to make a single, large leap inengineering expectations.Large landfills will re)uire more investment to improve standards than smaller sites.%owever, the unit cost of these improvements 'measured per tonne of wastelandfilled or per head of population served( will decrease with increasing site si*e.There are financial and other benefits to sites with long operating lifetimes 'ten yearsor more(. Large regional sites serving two or more cities could be economicallybeneficial, providing waste transport costs are not too high.

Modern Sanitary Landfill in Cross

Sanitary Landfill in cross

Basic requirements+s a minimum, four basic conditions should be met by any site design and operationbefore it can be regarded as a sanitary landfill


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- &ull or partial hydrogeological isolation if a site cannot be located on land whichnaturally contains leachate security, additional lining materials should be brought tothe site to reduce lea"age from the base of the site 'leachate( and help reducecontamination of groundwater and surrounding soil. f a liner $ soil or synthetic $ isprovided without a system of leachate collection, all leachate will eventually reach

the surrounding environment. Leachate collection and treatment must be stressed asa basic re)uirement.- &ormal engineering preparations designs should be developed from local geologicaland hydrogeological investigations. + waste disposal plan and a final restoration planshould also be developed.- ermanent control trained staff should be based at the landfill to supervise sitepreparation and construction, the depositing of waste and the regular operation andmaintenance.- lanned waste emplacement and covering waste should be spread in layers andcompacted. + small wor"ing area which is covered daily helps ma"e the waste lessaccessible to pests and vermin.

This system should have applied /0 methode '0educe, 0euse, 0ecycyling(, usingSanitary Landfill Technology. This technology integrates the integrated wastemanagement. Waste is recycled and used in compost, and residue # residual wastedisposed to destruction. Sanitary Landfill is a high technology, investing only about1S2 344$544 perton. While operating costs reach 1S2 344$/44 per ton. The technologyfound in ndonesia are still scarce, attention because of the waste problem has notbecome a government priority.The main components of any secured, permitted landfill are

Another Sanitary Landfill Method

Bottom liner6 The bottom liner separates and prevents the buried waste fromcoming in contact with underlying natural soils and groundwater. n 7unicipal SolidWaste landfills, the bottom liners are generally constructed using some type ofdurable, puncture$resistant synthetic plastic %28 '%igh 2ensity


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olyethylene( ranging from /4 to 344 mils thic". The plastic liners may also bedesigned with a combination of compacted clay soils, along with synthetic plastic.

Cells (old and new)6 This is the area in a landfill that has been constructed andapprove for disposal of waste. These cells range in si*e 'depending upon total tons of

waste received each day at the landfill( from a few acres to as large as 549 acres.nside these larger cells are smaller cells "nown as the daily wor"face, or sometimesreferred to as cells. This is where the waste coming into the landfill for disposal thatday is prepared by placing the material in layers or lifts where the waste is thencompacted and shredded by heavy landfill compaction machinery.

eachate collection system6 The bottom of each landfill is typically designed sothat the bottom surface of the landfill is sloped to a low point, called a sump. This iswhere any li)uids that are trapped inside the landfill 6 "nown in the waste industryas leachate 6 are collected and removed from the landfill. The leachate collection

system typically consists of a series of perforated pipes, gravel pac"s and a layer ofsand or gravel placed in the bottom of the landfill. :nce the leachate is removedfrom the sump, it is typically pumped or gravity$flowed to a holding tan" or pond,where it is either treated on site or hauled off site to a public or private wastewatertreatment facility.

Storm water drainage6 This is an engineered system designed to control waterrunoff during rain or storm events. This is done by directing the runoff through aseries of berms or ditches to holding areas "nown as sed ponds. n these ponds therunoff water flow is slowed down or held long enough to allow the suspended soilparticles to settle out before the water is discharged off site.

!ethane collection system6 Bacteria in the landfill brea" down the trash in theabsence of oxygen. This process produces landfill gas, which is approximately ;4percent methane. Since methane gas has the potential to burn or explode, it has tobe removed from the landfill. To do this, a series of pipes are embedded within thelandfill to collect the methane gas. This gas, once collected, can be either naturallyvented or control$burned.

Cover (or cap)6 Waste that is placed in a cell is re)uired to be covered daily witheither six inches of compacted soil or an alternative daily cover. Some examples ofalternative daily covers are the application of spray$on cover material, such as foamor a flame$retardant fiber material. +nother type of alternative daily cover is large

panels of tarpaulin$type material that is laid over the waste at the end of each dayand removed the next day before waste is placed. :ther areas within the cells thatare not to final grade and will not receive placement of additional waste for a periodof time may re)uire additional cover. This is "nown as intermediate cover 6 generally35 to 3< inches of soil. =overing 'or capping( is performed in order to isolate thewaste from exposure to the air, pests 'such as birds, rats and mice( and to controlodors. When a section of the landfill is finished or filled to capacity, it is permanently


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covered with a combination of a layer of polyethylene plastic, compacted soil and alayer of topsoil that will support growth of vegetation to prevent erosion.

"roundwater monitoring stations6 Stations are set up to directly access and testthe groundwater around the landfill for presence of leachate chemicals. Typically a

groundwater monitoring system will have a series of wells that are located up$gradient of the landfill disposal area and a series of wells down$gradient. The up$gradient wells test the water )uality before it moves under the disposal area in orderto get a bac"ground analysis of the water. The down$gradient wells then allow testingof the water after it has passed under the disposal area so it can be compared to the)uality of the up$gradient wells to ma"e sure there has been no impact orcontamination of the groundwater.

Landfill can now be designed with a geosynthetic liner to replace or bac" up a soil

liner someone might feel that a landfill could be sited anywhere. While newtechnologies can increase the technical acceptability of some potential landfill sites,there are a variety of factors that mustbe assessed when determining siteacceptability. Sound technology alone will be an insufficient basis on which toevaluate and compare al potential sites.

There are many other factors to consider, including public opinion, health and safety,hauling distance, accessibility, climate, drainage, *oning and hand use, andeconomics. >o matter how technically sound a facility design appears to be, therewill no doubt be public interest and even hostility that must be addressed in the siteevaluation process. This lesson will provide a procedure for evaluating potential sites

and see"ing public input. ossibilities for potential sanitary landfill sites are + site in an area *oned for industry.

+ site that serves a region of several communities and is located some distance

from residential development

+ site that would have economic or aesthetic value if filled with solid wastes

and then landscaped 'e.g., an area previously excavated(

+ site that, after construction of an above$ground landfill, can be put to

recreational use 'such as a s"i hill(


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Modern Sanitary Landfill Work System in Cross

+n ideal l sanitary landfill will have the following properties Conforms with land useplanning of the area:3. s easily accessible iii any weather to vehicles expected during the operation ofthe landfill

5. %as safeguards against potential surface and groundwater pollution

/. %as safeguards against uncontrolled gas movement originating from thedisposed solid waste

@. %as an ade)uate )uantity of earth cover material that is easily handled and

compacted;. Will be located in an area where the landfill!s operation will not detrimentallyimpact environmentally sensitive resources

A. Will be large enough to accommodate the community wastes for a reasonabletime interval

. Will be the most economic site available commensurate with the ultimatere)uirements for solid waste disposal.

#egulationsn ndonesia the latest regulation to maintain waste management system is 11 >o.3< , 544


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Waste handling activities includes a( separation in the form of grouping andseparation of waste in accordance with the number, type, and # or nature of thewaste b(collection in the form of garbage collection and disposal of garbage into the

source of temporary shelters or places of integrated waste managementc.(transportation in the form of carrying waste from the source and # or from thetemporary shelters or waste from waste treatment are integrated into the finalprocessing site d( processing in the form of changing the characteristics,composition, and the amount of waste and # or e( final waste treatment in the formof waste recovery and # or residue from processed prior to the media in a safeenvironment.

Prohibitation

3. inserting garbage into the territory of the 0epublic of ndonesia

5. import of waste/. mix the waste with ha*ardous and toxic wastes

@. manage the waste that causes pollution and # or destruction of theenvironment

;. do not throw trash in places that have been determined and provided

A. handling of waste by open dumping at the final processing and # or

. burn garbage that does not comply with technical re)uirements for wastemanagement.

$u%lic involvement in the process+s a landfill developer begins the process of searching for a new landfill site, the

)uestion arises as to when to ma"e the search process public. Since public "nowledgeinvites public interest and often public opposition, many developers try to "eepdecisions secret until a final choice is made, n addition to the fear of publicopposition, prices for land and soils, as well as other economic factors, can beaffected if the public "nows a site is being sought.

While it may be basic human nature to avoid controversy as long as possible, manynow feel that waiting until a final site is chosen, "nown as a Ddecide$announce$defendD policy, leads to maximum public opposition. The opposition is generatedbecause neighbors and others feel a decision affecting their interests has been madewithout their input, leaving them frustrated and angry. %iring lawyers to fight is often

the result.

:thers recommend getting the public involved early in the process. This approachuses the search process to educate the public about the difficult choices that must bemade and about the degree of effort and expertise that the developer is applying toma"e a reasonable decision. The policy forces the involved public to help ma"edecisions from among available alternatives. + description of this approach, called theissue evolution#educational intervention model.


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:bviously, this approach is not trouble free. Wor"ing with the public during the searchprocess is time$consuming and difficult. Some interested participants in the processmay be totally negative or may attempt to play neighbors near one site againstneighbors at another. Since some public involvement in siting is usually mandated by

state or local regulations, the developer must devise an approach that results inincreased public support for the landfill proEect. This will be a formidable tas".

Site Selectionroper landfill site selection is the fundamental step in sound waste disposal and theprotectionof the environment, public health and )uality of life. roper landfill site selectiondetermines many of the subse)uent steps in the landfill process, which, if properlyimplemented, should ensure against nuisances and adverse long$term effects. &orexample, a well$selected landfill site will generally facilitate an uncomplicated design

and provide ample cover material, which would facilitate an environmentally andpublicly acceptableoperation at a reasonable cost.

The criteria involved in landfill site selection include environmental, economic andsociopolitical criteria, some of which may conflict. With increased environmentalawareness, new legislation and certain other developments over time, the landfill siteselection process has become much more sophisticated, as new procedures and toolshave been developed.

8arly considerations in the technical process are the si*e 'land area( and the strategic

location of the proposed site, to ensure that the facility meets the disposal need.While the si*e depends on the waste stream over the predicted site life and provisionfor sufficient buffer *ones, strategic location is determined by the waste generationareas to be served and transport routes. t is economically sound practice to establishthe proposed facility as close to the generation areas as possible, with a view tominimising transport costs. :ften an Feconomic radiusG is determined, based on theexisting or proposed mode of waste transport. This will define the initial area ofinvestigation.

:nce all the candidate sites have been identified, they must all be compared andtechnically evaluated. 1nsuitable sites must be eliminated and the best sites must be

short listed for further consideration. The short listed sites are then ran"ed in orderof suitability. The ran"ing process is, however, controversial and is often open tocriticism because it may be seen as subEective, which in some instances is the case.

The top$ran"ing site is then subEected to a more detailed investigation by means of a&easibility Study, to confirm that it has no &atal &laws and is environmentally andpublicly acceptable. The &easibility Study may comprise many administrative andtechnical aspects, which depend on local legislation. t should, however, include a


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preliminary Ceohydrological nvestigation, as well as a preliminary 8nvironmentalmpact +ssessment '8+(. f &atal &laws emerge in the investigations the site isdiscarded and the next best site is investigated. :therwise, a conceptual design isdrawn up, which addresses any critical factors associated with the site, and this,together with the investigation results, is submitted to the authorities and usually to

thepublic.

&ulfilling land use goalsotential sites must be la areas that are suitable for landfill. development. operationand end use of a landfill site should also conform to long$term land use goals. 7ostareas have proEected land$use plans for 34 to 54 years. la the absence of land$usemaps, air photographs can be used to assess current land$use patterns.ndustrial areas may seem suitable for a landfill site, since heavy e)uipment isre)uired and significant traffic is generated. %owever, the landfill may not be

compatible with industrial operations when completed.

2ifferential settlement within the finished site may limit its use as support forbuildings years after completion.f properly designed and operated, a completed landfill could be used as an industrialsite, but most often, completed landfills are used as open space or recreational areas.

+reas with habitats of endangered plant or animal species, virgin timber land, wildlifecorridors, uni)ue physical features, and historical and are archaeologic sites should beavoided in locating a landfill facility. The development of a landfill in one of these

areas may result in a detrimental impact which from an overall viewpoint outweighsthe benefits of a successfully operated landfill.

Thus, The article am submitting base on the sum of my "nowledge and a variety ofsources that have collected. %opefully our efforts and good intentions we have inorder to protect the environment through effective waste management thatenvironmentally orientation can be perceived benefits for next generations.

sanitary landfill.docx

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