SAP BusinessObjects Profitability and Cost Management Modeling UserGuide SAP BusinessObjects Profitability and Cost Management 10.0

2013-11-30

2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG.

Copyright

The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software productsmarketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other softwarevendors. National product specifications may vary. These materials are provided by SAP AG and itsaffiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warrantyof any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials.The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the expresswarranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should beconstrued as constituting an additional warranty. SAP and other SAP products and services mentionedherein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG inGermany and other countries. Please seehttp://www.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx#trademark for additional trademarkinformation and notices.

2013-11-30

Contents

History of changes................................................................................................................17Chapter 1

What is Profitability and Cost Management.........................................................................23Chapter 2

Integrated Cost Analysis........................................................................................................242.1

Costing Calculations Overview...............................................................................................242.1.1

Driver Analysis Overview.......................................................................................................252.1.2

Activity Based Costing Overview...........................................................................................262.1.3

Cost Object Analysis Overview..............................................................................................272.1.4

Profits....................................................................................................................................272.1.5

Benefits.................................................................................................................................282.2

Enhanced Data Access..........................................................................................................282.2.1

Budgeting and Planning..........................................................................................................292.2.2

Traditional Budgeting..............................................................................................................292.2.3

Users.....................................................................................................................................292.3

User Access..........................................................................................................................302.3.1

Operational Roles..................................................................................................................302.3.2

Operational Use.....................................................................................................................312.3.3

Multiple Application Interfaces................................................................................................312.3.4

Data Input..............................................................................................................................322.3.5

Profitability and Cost Management utilities.............................................................................332.4

Profitability and Cost Management modeling framework........................................................332.5

Model Infrastructure...............................................................................................................342.5.1

Creating Views......................................................................................................................342.5.2

Building Books.......................................................................................................................352.5.3

Time Sequences....................................................................................................................352.5.4

Using the Profitability and Cost Management application....................................................37Chapter 3

To start Model Builder............................................................................................................373.1

Model Builder Main Screen....................................................................................................383.1.1

Logging in to a Profitability and Cost Management Application...............................................383.2

To Log into a Profitability and Cost Management Application.................................................393.2.1

Logging out of a Profitability and Cost Management application.............................................403.3

2013-11-303

To log out of a Profitability and Cost Management application................................................403.3.1

To log out of a session with User Monitor..............................................................................403.3.2

Opening a model....................................................................................................................403.4

To open a model....................................................................................................................413.4.1

To change model server when opening a model.....................................................................423.4.2

To view model and system information when opening a model...............................................423.4.3

Model Administration.............................................................................................................433.5

Basic Model Management Functions......................................................................................443.5.1

Model Servers.......................................................................................................................453.5.2

Creating a New Model...........................................................................................................463.5.3

Copying a Model....................................................................................................................473.5.4

Renaming a Model.................................................................................................................473.5.5

Modifying a Model.................................................................................................................483.5.6

Deleting a Model....................................................................................................................493.5.7

Main Screen Features............................................................................................................493.6

Main Screen Menu Bar..........................................................................................................503.6.1

Main Screen Toolbars............................................................................................................563.6.2

Dimension and Books Panels - access...................................................................................583.6.3

Main Screen Work Area.........................................................................................................623.6.4

Main Screen Message / Alert Bar..........................................................................................623.6.5

Alerts.....................................................................................................................................623.7

Security alerts........................................................................................................................633.7.1

Model alerts...........................................................................................................................643.7.2

Local alerts............................................................................................................................673.7.3

To archive an alert..................................................................................................................683.7.4

Accessibility...........................................................................................................................683.8

Keyboard Access...................................................................................................................693.8.1

Context Menus......................................................................................................................703.8.2

Book Viewer Shortcuts..........................................................................................................703.8.3

Accelerator Keys....................................................................................................................713.8.4

Dimensions...........................................................................................................................73Chapter 4

Available Dimensions.............................................................................................................734.1

Versions................................................................................................................................764.1.1

Periods..................................................................................................................................774.1.2

Responsibility Centers...........................................................................................................784.1.3

Line Items..............................................................................................................................784.1.4

Activities................................................................................................................................794.1.5

Cost Objects.........................................................................................................................804.1.6

Revenue Types......................................................................................................................804.1.7

Currencies.............................................................................................................................804.1.8

2013-11-304

Contents

Resource Drivers...................................................................................................................834.1.9

Activity Drivers.......................................................................................................................834.1.10

Services.................................................................................................................................844.1.11

Spreads.................................................................................................................................854.1.12

Work Sheets 1.......................................................................................................................854.1.13

Work Sheets 2.......................................................................................................................854.1.14

Employees.............................................................................................................................864.1.15

Capacity Rules.......................................................................................................................864.1.16

User Defined Rules................................................................................................................864.1.17

Line Item Details....................................................................................................................874.1.18

Target Responsibility Centers................................................................................................874.1.19

Target Activities.....................................................................................................................874.1.20

Main Hierarchies....................................................................................................................884.2

Adding a Hierarchy Item.........................................................................................................894.2.1

Creating a Group...................................................................................................................904.2.2

Keyboard Shortcuts...............................................................................................................914.2.3

Consolidation Types...............................................................................................................914.2.4

Altering Main Hierarchies.......................................................................................................924.2.5

Item Positioning.....................................................................................................................924.2.6

Filtering..................................................................................................................................934.2.7

Main Hierarchy context menu.................................................................................................944.2.8

Attribute Hierarchies..............................................................................................................954.3

Assigning attributes...............................................................................................................964.3.1

Attribute consolidation...........................................................................................................974.3.2

Attribute context menu...........................................................................................................974.3.3

Repositioning in Attribute Hierarchies.....................................................................................984.3.4

Changing attribute state.........................................................................................................984.3.5

Dimension Item Details..........................................................................................................994.4

Item memo.............................................................................................................................994.4.1

Item rule...............................................................................................................................1004.4.2

Item Security........................................................................................................................1004.4.3

Item status...........................................................................................................................1024.4.4

Item properties.....................................................................................................................1024.4.5

Item Data Alias.....................................................................................................................1054.4.6

Large Hierarchies.................................................................................................................1074.5

Model Statistics...................................................................................................................1074.6

Assignments........................................................................................................................109Chapter 5

Resource Drivers Assignment..............................................................................................1095.1

Resource Driver Assignment features..................................................................................1105.1.1

Resource Driver Default Assignment...................................................................................1155.1.2

2013-11-305

Contents

Resource Driver Overrides...................................................................................................1185.1.3

Reviewing Resource Driver Overrides..................................................................................1215.1.4

Responsibility Centers Activities Assignment.......................................................................1225.2

Responsibility Centers / Activities Assignment Screen........................................................1225.2.1

To Create a Responsibility Center Activity Assignment........................................................1235.2.2

To Delete a Responsibility Center Activity Assignment........................................................1245.2.3

Cost Object Assignment......................................................................................................1255.3

Cost Object Assignment features........................................................................................1255.3.1

Cost Object Assignment Screen..........................................................................................1265.3.2

Creating a Cost Object Assignment.....................................................................................1285.3.3

Cost Object Assignment Default and Override settings.......................................................1285.3.4

Assigning Activity Drivers.....................................................................................................1325.3.5

Targeting Cost Objects........................................................................................................1355.3.6

Assigning Cost Object Unit Rate Activity Drivers.................................................................1375.3.7

To Delete a Cost Object Assignment...................................................................................1395.3.8

Inconsistent Assignments....................................................................................................1395.3.9

Reviewing Assignments.......................................................................................................1405.3.10

Activity Reassignment..........................................................................................................1415.4

Activity Reassignment Options.............................................................................................1415.4.1

Activities Reassignment Screen...........................................................................................1425.4.2

Selecting Source Activities for Reassignment......................................................................1435.4.3

Selecting Target Reassignment Responsibility Centers........................................................1445.4.4

Selecting Target Reassignment Activities.............................................................................1455.4.5

To Create a Default Reassignment.......................................................................................1455.4.6

To Create a Source Responsibility Center Override Reassignment......................................1465.4.7

Specifying Reassignment Version/Period Overrides............................................................1475.4.8

Deleting an Activity Reassignment.......................................................................................1485.4.9

Reviewing Reassignments....................................................................................................1495.4.10

The Reassignment Calculation Process................................................................................1505.4.11

Reiterative Reassignments...................................................................................................1515.4.12

The Calculation Engine and Model Performance................................................................153Chapter 6

To switch Automatic Calculation on or off............................................................................1546.1

Calculated Results...............................................................................................................1546.2

Model Calculation Options...................................................................................................1556.3

CPU Throttling Options........................................................................................................1646.3.1

Setting Default Model Calculation Options...........................................................................1656.3.2

Locking Version/Period Combinations.................................................................................1656.4

Benefits of Locking Versions/Periods..................................................................................1666.4.1

Side Effects of Locking........................................................................................................1666.4.2

Lock Versions/Periods Results............................................................................................1676.4.3

2013-11-306

Contents

Unlocking Locked Versions/Periods Results........................................................................1686.4.4

Grid Value Operation and Response Times..........................................................................1686.5

Basic Influences...................................................................................................................1686.5.1

Producing Reports...............................................................................................................1696.5.2

Consolidated Values............................................................................................................1706.5.3

Grid Value Characteristics...................................................................................................1716.5.4

Size Matters........................................................................................................................1716.5.5

Data Availability....................................................................................................................1726.5.6

Calculation Methods............................................................................................................1736.5.7

Data Type Grid Values.........................................................................................................1746.5.8

Summary Values..................................................................................................................1756.5.9

Impact of Rules....................................................................................................................1766.5.10

Background Activity.............................................................................................................1766.5.11

Operational Factors..............................................................................................................1776.5.12

Rules...................................................................................................................................179Chapter 7

Using Rules..........................................................................................................................1797.1

Rule types............................................................................................................................1807.2

Common rules.....................................................................................................................1807.2.1

Consolidated rules...............................................................................................................1817.2.2

Dimension specific rule types...............................................................................................1827.2.3

Rules manager.....................................................................................................................1847.3

Rules manager context menu...............................................................................................1857.3.1

Advanced Rules Manager....................................................................................................1857.4

To Test a Rule in the Advanced Rules Manager...................................................................1877.4.1

Rule script editors................................................................................................................1887.5

Accessing a rule script editor...............................................................................................1887.5.1

Choosing a default editor.....................................................................................................1897.5.2

The simple rule wizard..........................................................................................................1907.5.3

The rule script editor............................................................................................................1907.5.4

The multi-rule editor.............................................................................................................1927.5.5

The rules editor context menu..............................................................................................1927.5.6

Rule checking.......................................................................................................................1937.5.7

Using the activity driver rule wizard......................................................................................1937.6

To create a derived driver.....................................................................................................1947.6.1

Writing rules.........................................................................................................................1947.7

Basic rule structure..............................................................................................................1957.7.1

The return value...................................................................................................................1957.7.2

To insert functions in scripts.................................................................................................1967.7.3

Comments...........................................................................................................................1977.7.4

Scripting restrictions............................................................................................................1977.7.5

2013-11-307

Contents

Revenue Types Rules...........................................................................................................1977.7.6

Capacity planning.................................................................................................................1987.7.7

User Defined Functions........................................................................................................2007.7.8

Rules Behavior.....................................................................................................................2017.8

Calculation of Rules.............................................................................................................2017.8.1

Rule Dependencies..............................................................................................................2027.8.2

Script Errors in Rules...........................................................................................................2047.8.3

Rule Optimization.................................................................................................................2057.9

Overheads...........................................................................................................................2057.9.1

Restrict Dimension Functions...............................................................................................2067.9.2

Restrict Combination Functions............................................................................................2077.9.3

Special Functions.................................................................................................................2097.10

Cross Model Rules..............................................................................................................2097.10.1

Calculate Slice.....................................................................................................................2117.10.2

Time series definition...........................................................................................................2167.11

Using the Timeline Editor......................................................................................................2167.11.1

Timeline rules.......................................................................................................................2217.11.2

Using timelines.....................................................................................................................2227.11.3

Importing and exporting timelines.........................................................................................2237.11.4

Displaying your Data...........................................................................................................225Chapter 8

Multiple instances of View Builder and Data Explorer...........................................................2258.1

View Builder.........................................................................................................................2258.2

View Builder available Dimensions and Dimension Members...............................................2268.2.1

View Builder Grid Values.....................................................................................................2278.2.2

View Builder Toolbar............................................................................................................2278.2.3

View Builder Grid Area.........................................................................................................2298.2.4

The Pivot Bar.......................................................................................................................2298.2.5

The Formula Editor...............................................................................................................2298.2.6

View Builder Design Tab......................................................................................................2308.2.7

View Builder Preview Tab.....................................................................................................2308.2.8

View Builder Graph Tab.......................................................................................................2308.2.9

The Grid Monitor Bar...........................................................................................................2318.2.10

Building Grids.......................................................................................................................2328.3

Grid Headers........................................................................................................................2328.3.1

Expansion Options...............................................................................................................2358.3.2

Set Context Options............................................................................................................2368.3.3

Replace with Keys................................................................................................................2418.3.4

Selecting Grid Values...........................................................................................................2428.3.5

Using the Pivot Bar..............................................................................................................2448.3.6

Grid Formulae......................................................................................................................2458.3.7

2013-11-308

Contents

Grid Data Context Menus....................................................................................................2498.3.8

Removing Low Values..........................................................................................................2548.3.9

Color Coding Data Values....................................................................................................2568.3.10

Grid Styles...........................................................................................................................2568.3.11

Grid Data.............................................................................................................................2608.4

Appearance of Grid Data......................................................................................................2608.4.1

Data Formats.......................................................................................................................2628.4.2

Currency Display Options....................................................................................................2628.4.3

Data Entry............................................................................................................................2638.4.4

Currency Formats................................................................................................................2638.4.5

Pasting Currency Data.........................................................................................................2658.4.6

Currency Conversion...........................................................................................................2658.4.7

Row Entry............................................................................................................................2668.4.8

Range Editing.......................................................................................................................2668.4.9

Cell Memos.........................................................................................................................2678.4.10

Tracing Cost Assignments...................................................................................................2698.5

To Trace Cost Assignments.................................................................................................2718.5.1

Data Explorer.......................................................................................................................2718.6

Creating a Data Explorer Layout...........................................................................................2728.6.1

Driving Data Explorer...........................................................................................................2838.6.2

Customizing a Data Explorer Layout.....................................................................................2848.6.3

Layouts................................................................................................................................2878.7

Database Layouts................................................................................................................2878.7.1

Saving a Database Layout....................................................................................................2888.7.2

Loading a Database Layout..................................................................................................2898.7.3

Deleting a Database Layout.................................................................................................2898.7.4

File Store Layouts................................................................................................................2908.7.5

Exporting a File store Layout................................................................................................2918.7.6

Importing a Filestore Layout.................................................................................................2918.7.7

Books..................................................................................................................................293Chapter 9

Books Manager...................................................................................................................2939.1

Book Hierarchy functions.....................................................................................................2949.1.1

Books Snapshots.................................................................................................................2959.1.2

Opening Books....................................................................................................................2969.2

Creating Books....................................................................................................................2979.3

Restricted Characters in Model and Book Names................................................................2979.3.1

Designing Books..................................................................................................................2999.4

The Book Editor...................................................................................................................3009.4.1

The Book Display Pane........................................................................................................3009.4.2

Book Design Context Menu.................................................................................................3019.4.3

2013-11-309

Contents

Book Header/Footer Features.............................................................................................3029.4.4

The Book Property Panel.....................................................................................................3029.4.5

Property Panel Formatting Tab.............................................................................................3069.4.6

Property Panel Controls Tab................................................................................................3099.4.7

Property Panel Toolbox Tab.................................................................................................3109.4.8

Bookmarks...........................................................................................................................3119.4.9

The Books Toolbox..............................................................................................................3129.5

Adding a Books Object to your Book...................................................................................3129.5.1

Deleting a Books Object......................................................................................................3139.5.2

Renaming a Books Object....................................................................................................3149.5.3

The Books Data Manager Object.........................................................................................3149.5.4

The Books Grid Object.........................................................................................................3169.5.5

The Books Keys Object.......................................................................................................3179.5.6

The Books Dimension Tree Object.......................................................................................3189.5.7

The Books Button Object.....................................................................................................3199.5.8

The Books Chart Object.......................................................................................................3209.5.9

The Books Data Explorer Object..........................................................................................3219.5.10

The Books Dimension List Object........................................................................................3229.5.11

The Books Edit Box Object..................................................................................................3239.5.12

The Books Rule Value Object..............................................................................................3239.5.13

The Books Horizontal Line Object........................................................................................3249.5.14

The Books HyperLink Object................................................................................................3249.5.15

The Books Image Object......................................................................................................3259.5.16

The Books Memo Object.....................................................................................................3309.5.17

The Books Model Object.....................................................................................................3309.5.18

The Books Page Break Object.............................................................................................3349.5.19

The Books Report Object.....................................................................................................3349.5.20

The Books Table Object.......................................................................................................3359.5.21

The Books Tree Filter Object................................................................................................3369.5.22

The Books Workflow Object................................................................................................3379.5.23

Text Styles...........................................................................................................................3389.5.24

Book Design Hints...............................................................................................................3399.6

Book Scripts........................................................................................................................3409.7

The Book Scripting Page......................................................................................................3409.7.1

Book Scripting Events..........................................................................................................3419.7.2

Book Navigation...................................................................................................................3429.7.3

Book Script Interaction.........................................................................................................3499.7.4

Dynamic Reports.................................................................................................................3509.7.5

Interacting with Report Manager..........................................................................................3519.7.6

Replacing Keys in Book Script.............................................................................................3529.7.7

Publishing Books..................................................................................................................3539.8

2013-11-3010

Contents

The Book Publication Wizard................................................................................................3549.8.1

Viewing Books as an End User............................................................................................3569.9

Setting Home Pages/Default Books....................................................................................3569.9.1

Book Viewers......................................................................................................................3569.9.2

Web Clients.........................................................................................................................3579.9.3

Logging in as a Book Viewer................................................................................................3579.9.4

Logging in as a Profitability and Cost Management Web Client............................................3599.9.5

Web Book Editing Options...................................................................................................3609.9.6

BI Launch Pad Clients..........................................................................................................3639.9.7

Web Book Performance.......................................................................................................3659.9.8

Book Security......................................................................................................................3669.10

Previewing books.................................................................................................................3669.11

Importing and exporting......................................................................................................367Chapter 10

Import..................................................................................................................................36710.1

To import model data...........................................................................................................36810.1.1

Known Issue When Importing Transactional Costing Models................................................37010.1.2

Export..................................................................................................................................37010.2

To access the model Export function....................................................................................37110.2.1

The export selection process...............................................................................................37110.2.2

Selecting tables and fields....................................................................................................37210.2.3

Specifying export structure dimensions................................................................................37310.2.4

Selecting dimensions...........................................................................................................37410.2.5

Specifying mappings............................................................................................................37510.2.6

Export specifications............................................................................................................37610.2.7

Export destinations...............................................................................................................37710.2.8

Export Data..........................................................................................................................37710.2.9

Exporting to database...........................................................................................................37910.2.10

Export Data View.................................................................................................................38110.3

Source layout requirements.................................................................................................38210.3.1

To open Export Data View....................................................................................................38210.3.2

To create and save an export view job definition..................................................................38310.3.3

To make dimension item selections......................................................................................38310.3.4

To run an export view job.....................................................................................................38410.3.5

To amend an existing export job definition............................................................................38510.3.6

Export to Universe...............................................................................................................38610.4

To create an Export to Universe...........................................................................................38710.4.1

DBEXPORTEXCLUDE..........................................................................................................38710.4.2

Accessing Universes............................................................................................................38810.4.3

Export to HANA...................................................................................................................38810.5

Export to HANA: Tables and Views......................................................................................38910.5.1

2013-11-3011

Contents

To Export a Model to an SAP HANA Database....................................................................39310.5.2

Deleting Model Data and Results from a SAP HANA Database...........................................39310.5.3

Export IDs............................................................................................................................39410.6

Managing Export IDs and exported values............................................................................39510.6.1

Export tips............................................................................................................................39710.7

Modeling Techniques in Profitability and Costing..............................................................399Chapter 11

Building a Cost Analysis Model............................................................................................39911.1

A Simple Activities Costing Model.......................................................................................40011.1.1

Resource Driver Split Calculations.......................................................................................40011.1.2

Sample Activity Costs Layouts.............................................................................................40111.1.3

A Simple Cost Objects Costing Model.................................................................................40211.1.4

Sample Cost Object Costs Layouts.....................................................................................40311.1.5

Unit Rates............................................................................................................................40411.1.6

Primary Driver Volumes.......................................................................................................40811.1.7

Gross Contribution..............................................................................................................40911.1.8

Tracing Reallocated Costs...................................................................................................41011.1.9

Activity Reassignment Grid Values.......................................................................................41111.1.10

Activity Reallocation Movement Values................................................................................41111.1.11

Activity Reallocation Movement Percentages.......................................................................41211.1.12

Cost Object Costs...............................................................................................................41311.1.13

Cost Object Grid Values......................................................................................................41411.1.14

Driver Analysis.....................................................................................................................41511.2

Driver Analysis Operating Principles.....................................................................................41511.2.1

Operational Procedures.......................................................................................................41611.2.2

Starting a New Analysis.......................................................................................................41711.2.3

Setting Targets....................................................................................................................41811.2.4

Performing Driver Analysis...................................................................................................41811.2.5

Performing Cost Analysis.....................................................................................................42211.2.6

Copying Results...................................................................................................................42311.2.7

Shared Services...................................................................................................................42411.3

Specifying a Service Provider...............................................................................................42411.3.1

Setting up a Fixed Unit Rate Service....................................................................................42511.3.2

Setting up a Variable Rate Service.......................................................................................42511.3.3

Creating a Variable Rate Cost Value....................................................................................42611.3.4

Service Rules.......................................................................................................................42611.3.5

Service Cost Assignments...................................................................................................42711.3.6

Service Layouts...................................................................................................................42811.3.7

Data Spreading....................................................................................................................42811.4

Create a Spread Profile........................................................................................................42811.4.1

Create a Spreading Rule......................................................................................................42911.4.2

2013-11-3012

Contents

Bill of Materials Modeling...................................................................................................431Chapter 12

Bill of Materials Modeling Overview.....................................................................................43112.1

Dimensions in Bill of Materials Modeling..............................................................................43212.2

The Cost Objects 1 and Components Dimensions...............................................................43312.2.1

Units of Measure.................................................................................................................43512.2.2

Example: Dimensions in a Bill of Materials Model.................................................................43612.2.3

Assignments in Bill of Materials Modeling............................................................................43812.3

BOM Makeup......................................................................................................................43812.3.1

Bill of Materials Assignments...............................................................................................44512.3.2

Values in Bill of Materials Modeling......................................................................................44612.4

Rules in Bill of Materials Modeling........................................................................................44712.5

To Create a Conversion Rule for a Unit of Measure using UOMFactor................................44712.5.1

View Builder and Bill of Materials Modeling..........................................................................44812.6

Adding an Item to the BOM Makeup....................................................................................44912.6.1

Overriding the Default BOM Makeup Volume......................................................................45012.6.2

Targeting the Units of Measure Dimension Using the Set Context Options.........................45112.6.3

Building a Bill of Materials Model.........................................................................................45212.7

Bill of Materials Modeling Calculation...................................................................................45312.8

Model Calculation Options in Bill of Materials Modeling.......................................................46412.8.1

Bill of Materials Model Security............................................................................................46412.9

Books in Bill of Materials Modeling......................................................................................46512.10

Housekeeping for Bill of Materials Models...........................................................................46512.11

To Remove Unused Items from the BOM Makeup...............................................................46612.11.1

To Remove Duplicate Items from the BOM Makeup............................................................46612.11.2

Objectives and Metrics Modeling.......................................................................................467Chapter 13

Building an Objectives and Metrics model............................................................................46713.1

Model infrastructure and relationships..................................................................................46813.1.1

Dimensions in Objectives and Metrics.................................................................................46813.2

Cost Objects 1 and 2...........................................................................................................46913.2.1

Icons....................................................................................................................................46913.2.2

Boundaries...........................................................................................................................47013.2.3

Objectives............................................................................................................................47313.2.4

Metrics................................................................................................................................47413.2.5

Employees...........................................................................................................................47513.2.6

Assignments in Objectives and Metrics................................................................................47613.3

Defining the relationships between Objectives.....................................................................47613.3.1

Assigning Objectives and Metrics........................................................................................47713.3.2

Specifying Metrics for evaluating Objectives........................................................................48313.3.3

2013-11-3013

Contents

Setting colors and icons for display regions.........................................................................48413.3.4

Rules in Objectives and Metrics...........................................................................................48613.4

Enabling Boundaries to share the same cut-off values..........................................................48713.4.1

Calculating Achievement Percentage...................................................................................48713.4.2

Creating rules for Center-Is-Best situations..........................................................................48813.4.3

Understanding values, measures and results........................................................................49013.5

Computed values and scores...............................................................................................49013.5.1

What is Achievement Percentage?.......................................................................................49113.5.2

Using View Builder to access data.......................................................................................49413.6

Displaying Boundaries colors and icons in a layout...............................................................49413.6.1

Targeting dimensions in Objectives and Metrics by using the set context options................49513.6.2

Books in Objectives and Metrics..........................................................................................49713.7

Creating a Drill dial type.......................................................................................................49813.7.1

Adding a Gauge to a Book...................................................................................................50913.7.2

Adding a TrendChart to a book............................................................................................51113.7.3

Adding a Thermometer to a book.........................................................................................51313.7.4

Enabling users to navigate from a Drill dial to an associated book........................................51413.7.5

Transactional Costing Modeling.........................................................................................517Chapter 14

Transactional Costing overview............................................................................................51714.1

When to use a Transactional Costing model.........................................................................51814.1.1

How Transactional Costing works........................................................................................51814.1.2

Who is involved in the Transactional Costing process?........................................................51914.1.3

System Requirements for Transactional Costing modeling...................................................52014.1.4

The Transactional Costing process......................................................................................52114.2

Creating a Transactional Costing model...............................................................................52314.3

Transactional Costing Model Features, Structure and Values...............................................52314.3.1

Preliminary data extract and transformation tasks.................................................................52514.4

Building the dimensional table structure...............................................................................52514.4.1

To build core dimension data................................................................................................52614.4.2

To build transaction Activity Driver volumes.........................................................................52814.4.3

Loading dimension and transactional Activity Driver data......................................................52914.5

Loading the Detailed Cost Objects data structure................................................................52914.5.1

Loading External Activity unit rates.......................................................................................53114.5.2

Loading transaction Activity Drivers data..............................................................................53214.5.3

Recalculating volume data without loading new data.............................................................53514.5.4

The Transactional Costing model infrastructure....................................................................53514.6

The Detailed Cost Objects dimensions................................................................................53614.6.1

The Cost Objects dimensions..............................................................................................53614.6.2

To link Detailed Cost Objects to Cost Objects.....................................................................53714.6.3

Cost Object Assignment in Transactional Costing................................................................53814.6.4

2013-11-3014

Contents

Responsibility Centers for Transactional Volume Data.........................................................54014.6.5

Specifying Versions/Periods combinations for calculation....................................................54014.6.6

Calculating transactional costs.............................................................................................54414.7

Using Console to calculate Transactional Costs...................................................................54714.7.1

Using a stored procedure to calculate transactional costs....................................................54914.7.2

Transactional Costing results tables.....................................................................................55114.7.3

Final analysis: reporting on transactional results...................................................................55314.8

Housekeeping......................................................................................................................55414.9

Customization options........................................................................................................555Chapter 15

Language selection..............................................................................................................55515.1

To select languages.............................................................................................................55615.1.1

Data Aliases.........................................................................................................................55615.2

Data Alias selection.............................................................................................................55615.2.1

To create a Data Alias..........................................................................................................55815.2.2

To rename a Data Alias........................................................................................................55915.2.3

To delete a Data Alias..........................................................................................................55915.2.4

Renaming built in names.......................................................................................................56015.3

Rename Dimensions............................................................................................................56015.3.1

Pre-defined names...............................................................................................................56115.3.2

Renamed Dimensions and Import/Export.............................................................................56115.3.3

Currency..............................................................................................................................56215.4

To select a currency.............................................................................................................56215.4.1

Navigator.............................................................................................................................56215.5

Creating a Navigator............................................................................................................56315.5.1

The Navigator Context Menu...............................................................................................56415.5.2

Navigation Hot Spots...........................................................................................................56415.5.3

Hot Spot Masks...................................................................................................................56515.5.4

Navigation Masks................................................................................................................56615.5.5

Display font..........................................................................................................................56615.6

To display the font................................................................................................................56615.6.1

User preferences.................................................................................................................56715.7

More Information.................................................................................................................569Appendix A

Index 571

2013-11-3015

Contents

2013-11-3016

Contents

History of changes

The SAP BusinessObjects Profitability and Cost Management Modeling User Guide is regularly updatedon the SAP Help Portal (see More Information). Make sure that you have the latest version of thisdocument by checking the SAP Help Portal.

The current version of this document is version 1.7. The following table provides an overview of themost important changes to prior and current versions of this document:

2013-11-3017

History of changes

Important ChangesDateVersion

Initial version of the SAP BusinessObjects Profitability and CostManagement Modeling User Guide document for SAP BusinessOb-jects Profitability and Cost Management 10.0.

The former SAP BusinessObjects Profitability and Cost ManagementUser Guide, SAP BusinessObjects Profitability and Cost Manage-ment Transactional Costing User Guide and SAP BusinessObjectsProfitability and Cost Management Objectives and Metrics ModelingUser Guide are amalgamated into this document and its overallstructure is revised.

May-10-2011Version 1.0

As part of the updated Profitability and Cost Management versionreleased in August 2011, the document contains the followingamendments or additions: The Capacity Planning section contains additional text to explain

that the Capacity rule does not cycle through any combinationsby default, and that the iterations through grid values need to becoded into the rule. A coded example of the rule is also available.

An additional section entitled Custom alerts explains how youcan create your own alert messages in the Model Alerts tab forspecific user groups using the RaiseAlert function.

The description of the MsgBox function in the Scheduling Multi-ple Slices section is revised.

The sections on the Edit Box and Memo book objects are up-dated with an explanation that if the Text property for theseobjects is set at design time, it cannot be altered at run time ina way that saves the change to the database.

Information is added on a known issue related to importingTransactional Costing models created in versions of the softwarebefore the functionality to set Model Calculation Options to hideDetailed Cost Objects dimension items became available.

The improvements to the visual feedback that displays whengrid data is being updated are documented.

August-2011Version 1.1

As part of the release of Support Package 01, the document containsthe following updates: To accompany the new Cost Tracing feature, a section, Tracing

Cost Assignments is added. The topics View Builder, GridPreview Mode Data Menu, and Web Book Editing Options arealso updated.

The topic, Opening a model, is amended to say that users canconfigure the disk space levels that can generate alerts when amodel is opened.

September -2011

Version 1.2

November -2011

Version 1.3

2013-11-3018

History of changes

Important ChangesDateVersion

As part of the release for Support Package 02, the document con-tains the following updates: A note has been added to the Activity Reallocation Movement

Values topic to explain that, due to rounding differences, the totalvalues returned for SummaryMovementValue and ReassignedInValue can differ a little.

To document the new Model Calculation Option that enablesProfitability and Costing and Bill of Materials models to calculateActivity Cost Object Unit rates, the following topics have beenupdated: Model Calculation Options Values in Bill of Materials modelsAnd the following new topics have been created: Activity Cost Object Unit Rates Assigning Cost Object Unit Rate Activity Drivers

2013-11-3019

History of changes

Important ChangesDateVersion

As part of the release for Support Package 03, the document con-tains the following updates: The structure of the Application Help is corrected so that Rules

is a chapter following the The Calculation Engine and ModelPerformance chapter.

The section Grid Response Times is renamed Grid ValueOperation and Response Times.

The topic Data Type Grid Values has some wording revised toimprove clarity.

The topics Grid Design Mode Data Menu and Grid PreviewMode Data Menu are removed and the information is amalga-mated into a table in the topic Grid Data Context Menus.

A new topic Revenue Types Rules is added in the chapter onRules that explains factors affecting the execution of specificand default rules.

In the topic View Builder Graph Tab, a Caution note is addedto advise users of limitations that affect the final graph whenformatting is applied to part of a graph only.

In the section Export Data View, the following changes aremade to clarify the procedure and advise users to not use asource layout without column headers: The topic Export Data View is rewritten. A new topic, Source layout requirements is added. A new topic, To open Export Data View is added. The topic To create an export view job definition is renamed

as To create and save an export view job definition.

In the section Item Properties, the following topics are amendedto clarify that when absolute values are entered they must beenclosed in quotation marks, and to clarify how the PropertyEditor is invoked: Managing Item Properties Using the Property Editor Setting an individual value for an item property Using functions to reference item Properties

The following topics are corrected so that they no longer statethat TargetCostObjectValue values are not cached:

Cost Object Grid Values Summary Values

2012Version 1.4

2013-11-3020

History of changes

Important ChangesDateVersion

As part of the release of Support Package 04, the document containsthe following updates: A note has been added to the Export Data View topic to say

that export of cell memos is not supported. Support for other SAP BusinessObjects applications to access

model data and metadata when the application is integrated withSAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence (BI) platform isadded. This affects the following topics: What is Profitability and Cost Management Multiple Application Interfaces Publishing Books The Book Publication Wizard To Publish Books with the Book Publication Wizard Viewing Books as an End User Web Clients The InfoView Clients topic is renamed as BI Launch Pad

Clients A new topic, To Log In to BI Launch pad as a Web Client,

is added Accessing Universes

August 2012Version 1.5

As part of the release of Support Package 06, the document containsthe following updates: The new grid styles feature is described in the new topics:

Grid Styles To Create a Grid Style To Delete a Grid StyleThe following topics have also been updated with informationon grid styles: User Preferences The Books Data Manager Object

The new "Advanced Rules Manager" tool is described in the newtopics: Advanced Rules Manager To test a Rule in the Advanced Rules Manager

February 2013Version 1.6

As part of the release of Support Package 08, the document containsthe following updates: Topic Advanced Rules Manager is updated with the option to

toggle default rules. A new section, Export to HANA, is added to explain how to use

the new feature that allows you to export model data and resultsto an SAP HANA database.

November 2013Version 1.7

2013-11-3021

History of changes

2013-11-3022

History of changes

What is Profitability and Cost Management

Profitability and Cost Management is a unique part of the SAP BusinessObjects solution portfolio thatcan be run either as a standalone application or through the SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligenceplatform. It allows you to model the infrastructure and finances of your business in order to reveal thecosts of the operational activities you perform and the costs of what you produce. Consolidation anddrill down features break these costs down through departmental levels providing accountability andcontrol.

The resources you use and the measures of your sales activity act as cost drivers in a unique CalculationEngine that redistributes your basic costs across the activities you perform and what you produce.These calculations can be run at a level of frequency that provides a dynamic response to changingcosts as markets fluctuate.

The operations of the Calculation Engine are enhanced by the use of scripting rules to provide specificlogic in your modeling. This introduces the ability to create forecasting models to improve your forwardplanning. Another innovative feature is Driver Analysis, which allows you to set new business targetsand automatically generates the changes required in your resources and basic costs to meet yourtargets.

The operational data in your model can be entered and displayed in multidimensional grids that youcan design to show various views. Consolidation and drill down are just some of the features that canbe naturally integrated into these grids. They can also be viewed over the web where they can be usedfor data input, data display, and reporting. As an alternative to these grids, you can also display relationalviews of your data as a set of data records.

You can design the web pages that contain these views of your data. Known as Books, these cancontain several different features in addition to data views, including text, graphics, buttons, and logicalcontrol elements that allow you to dynamically select different sets of data.

Basic reporting is available through PDF output of books, which is significantly extended by reportmanagement using the Report Manager utility and by an MDX interface that provides data transfer intoMicrosoft Excel (see SAP Business Objects Profitability and Cost Management MDX Connector Guide).

You can use the Work Manager utility to organize some of your operational processes. By designingbooks that record individual activities you can manage the different tasks your staff must perform tocomplete your working processes.

These features are supported in a multi-user, multilanguage, multicurrency environment with a full rangeof security options and Accessibility compliance.

Related Topics Activity Based Costing Overview Activity Reassignment

2013-11-3023

What is Profitability and Cost Management

Costing Calculations Overview Driver Analysis Overview Rules

2.1 Integrated Cost Analysis

Profitability and Cost Management provides structures to represent the operational costs and businessdrivers of an organization. It also provides the means to assign these drivers between input costs andoutput costs in a manner that models the projection of costs through the organization.

With these relationships in place, any change in the values of the input costs or drivers causesconsequential changes in the output costs. This occurs because Profitability and Cost Managementhas a built-in calculation engine that detects changes and recalculates costs as required.

Related Topics Building a Cost Analysis Model

2.1.1 Costing Calculations Overview

Profitability and Cost Management has a built-in Calculation Engine that starts up at regular intervalsto recalculate costs in your model according to the basic principles of Activity Based Costing. It usesthe structure, assignments, rules and basic input values in your model to calculate its results.

The basic costs of your business are applied across the activities performed in your business and acrossthe products you provide to reveal how much they have cost.

A simplified picture of the calculation path shows which structures influence the calculation that isperformed. Note that the path can avoid the calculation of Activity Costs if necessary.

Resource Drivers are assigned to basic costs (Line items and Services), allowing these costs to berecalculated across the Activities performed throughout your business according to the resource requiredfor each Activity (Resource Driver Splits).

2013-11-3024

What is Profitability and Cost Management

Additionally (or alternatively), Activity Drivers can be assigned, which allows you to view these costsacross the product set (Cost Objects) of your business. Driver assignments are shown in italics in thediagram and calculated results are in bold.

The calculation engine can be invoked to varying degrees and even avoided by models that makelimited use of the available structures and relationships. The traditional budgeting model that is concernedwith purely fiscal details might ignore Activity and Cost Object Costs completely and achieve its aimsby using Line Items and Services in conjunction with Revenue items.

Rules can be defined for any of these items that will increase the intelligence of the model and theweb-enabled Books feature will enable sophisticated display, reporting, and control features.

Many aspects of the Calculation Engine still need to be covered:

How does the Calculation Engine work? How are results stored? What are the Model Calculation Options? What other factors influence calculation? How do I create a simple Cost Analysis model?

You may not need to know the answers to all of these questions but if you do, the related topics willhelp.

Related Topics Building a Cost Analysis Model Calculated Results Calculation of Rules Model Calculation Options The Calculation Engine and Model Performance

2.1.2 Driver Analysis Overview

Driver Analysis allows new business targets to be set for an existing model. These are set using thedrivers of the model and because of the interrelationships that exist because of assignments, changesin one may influence the values of others. The new driver values have a consequent effect on the basecosts of the model that can in turn produce a new set of results.

The simplified diagram that follows depicts the path followed when a Driver Analysis is performed. Italso outlines the relationships between drivers in the calculation engine.

2013-11-3025

What is Profitability and Cost Management

This route operates in reverse to the normal Cost Analysis calculation path. Activity Driver valuesdetermine how Cost Object Costs are calculated in a normal model and these are the means used tocontrol those costs.

Driver Analysis starts from the point where new Activity Driver Targets are set. Cost Object Assignmentsdefine the source of the costs that contribute to Cost Object Costs through Activity Drivers. These canbe Line Item, Service, or Activity costs.

The specification of Activities and where they are used is optional. Where they are used, ResourceDriver values, and Resource Driver Split values define how Activity Costs are derived from basic LineItem and Service costs. Driver Analysis calculates new values for all of these costs based on the newDriver Targets.

Related Topics Driver Analysis

2.1.3 Activity Based Costing Overview

The Calculation Engine fully supports Activity Based Costing, but the degree to which this is useddepends on the structure of your model. It calculates Activity Costs and Cost Object Costs automaticallywhen changes are made to the base costs or drivers that are linked to these through the Assignmentfunctions.

In addition to the structures and relationships required by the Calculation Engine, an activity-basedmodel also needs to be populated with base costs and values. These can either be entered using theProfitability and Cost Management application Data Bridge, or by creating views that include all thedimensions that are associated with a particular set of costs or values. Some of the costs and valuesinvolved in Activity Costing are listed with their associated dimensions:

Line Item costs defined according to Period, Version, and Responsibility Center Resource Driver values defined according to Period, Version, and Responsibility Center Resource Driver Split values - defined according to Period, Version, Responsibility Center, and

Activity.

Line Items costs are usually obtained from General Ledger data. Service Costs can also be collectedin the same way. Values need to be collected on a period basis, by whatever means are deemedappropriate.

When any of the above values are not available by Responsibility Center they should be assigned tothe built-in item in the structure called . This predefined item is relevant for all gridvalues that are associated with Responsibility Centers, Resource Drivers, Activities, and Cost Objects15.

2013-11-3026

What is Profitability and Cost Management

Note:Activities and Cost Objects have no rules associated with them that can override the operations of theCalculation Engine.

Related Topics A Simple Activities Costing Model Assignments Costing Calculations Overview

2.1.4 Cost Object Analysis Overview

A Cost Object is an item that helps identify a cost that you want to report on, for example a Product,Customer, Distribution Channel, Region, or any combination of some of these.

An Activity Driver is an item used to distribute Activity Costs and Cost Object Type Line Item/Servicecosts across combinations of Cost Objects. This association is achieved using Cost Object Assignments.

By building up a full set of relationships between Activity Drivers and Cost Objects, the costs associatedwith each Cost Object combination can be determined.

So the costs and values involved in Cost Object Costing include those used in Activity Costing alongwith Activity Driver Values, which are defined according to Period, Version, Responsibility Center,Resource Driver, and Activities.

Related Topics A Simple Cost Objects Costing Model Activity Based Costing Overview Cost Object Assignment

2.1.5 Profits

The Revenue Types dimension p