sap hana modeling questions

8/19/2019 SAP HANA Modeling Questions

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SAP HANA Modeling questions

70. What are the two developer roles in HANA SPS05? The two developer roles are Modeler and Application Programmer.

Modeler: modeler is concerned with the defnition o model and schemas

used in the SAP HANA, the specifcation and defnition o tales, views,

primar! "e!s, inde#es, partitions and inter$relationship o the data,

designing and defning authori%ation and access control through the

specifcation o privileges, roles and users and generall! uses the

perspective &Administration 'onsole( and &Modeler(.

Application Programmer: Programmer is concerned with uilding SAP

HANA applications which are designed ased on M)' *model$view$

controller+ architecture and generall! uses the perspective &SAP HANA

evelopment(.

71. !plain HANA data"ase Ar#hite#ture $SP05%?

'lients connect to the dataase s!stem which orms a session within the

dataase in the orm o S- statements. /n the HANA dataase, each S-

statement is processed in the conte#t o a transaction. New sessions are

assigned to a new transaction.

Traditional dataase applications uses 01' and 21' interace to

communicate with the dataase management s!stem over a networ"

connection and application uses S- to manage and 3uer! the data stored

in the dataase. /n the HANA dataase /nde# server is the main

component o dataase management which contains the actual data

stores and the engines or processing the data. The inde# server

processes incoming S- or M4 statements in the conte#t o transaction.

The Transaction manager coordinates dataase transactions, and "eeps

trac" o running and closed transactions. 5hen a transaction is committed

or rolled ac", the transaction manager inorms the involved storage

engines aout this event so the! can e#ecute necessar! actions.

The HANA dataase has its own scripting language called S-Script that is

designed to enale optimi%ation and paralleli%ation. HANA supports the

1usiness 6unctional irar! *16+ and Predictive Anal!sis irar! *PA+ and

can e called directl! rom within S-Script. /t also supports thedevelopment o programs written in 7 language.



S- and S-Script are implemented using a common inrastructure o

1uilt$in unctions. That have access to various meta defnitions such as

defnitions o relational tales, columns, views, and inde#es, defnitions o

S-Script procedures. This Metadata is stored in one common catalog*row store or column store+.

The Persistence la!er ensures that the dataase ater a restart is restored

to the most recent committed state. /t uses a comination o write$ahead

logs, shadow paging and save points. The persistence la!er also contains

ogger that manages the transaction log.

The /nde# server uses the Preprocessor Server or anal!%ing the te#t data

and e#tracting the inormation ased on te#t search capailities. The

Name Server "nows where the components are running and which data is

located on which server. The Statistics Server collects inormation aout

status, perormance and resource consumption rom other servers in the

s!stem.

7&. What is SAP 'S $!tended Appli#ation Servi#e%?

SAP HANA 4S provides end$to$end support or we$ased applications .

7(. What are )evelop*ent o"+e#ts?

The uilding loc"s o SAP HANA applications are called developmento8ects.

7,. What is -epositor?

The HANA 7epositor! is storage s!stem or development o8ects and is

uilt into SAP HANA.

The repositor! supports )ersion control, Transport, and Sharing o o8ects

etween multiple developers. 5e can add o8ects to the repositor!,

update the o8ects, pulish the o8ects, and compile these o8ects into

runtime o8ects.

75. What are the di/erent perspe#tives availa"le in HANA?

Modeler: used or creating various t!pes o views and anal!tical privileges.

SAP HANA evelopment: 9sed or programming applications or creating

development o8ects to access or update data models such as Server$side

0ava script or HTM fles.

Administration: 9sed to monitor the s!stem and change settings.

eug: 9sed to deug code such as S-Script *.procedure fles+ or Server$

side 0ava script *.#s8s fles+.



To open a perspective, go to 5indow 2pen Perspective.

7. e2ore starting develop*ent wor3 in SAP HANA studio4 What

are the roles a user should have on SAP HANA server ?

Modeling, 'ontent;Admin.

77. What is a )eliver nit?

eliver! unit *9+ is a container used ! the ie '!cle Manager *'M+ to

transport repositor! o8ects etween the SAP HANA s!stems. The name o

9 must contain onl! capital letters *A$<+, digits *=$>+ and underscores *;+.

76. What is a wor3spa#e?

The place where !ou wor" on pro8ect$related o8ects is called a repositor!

wor"space.

7. What is a pa#3age and its tpes?

Pac"age is used to group together related content o8ects in SAP HANA

studio. 1! deault it creates Non$structural.

T!pe escription

Structural Pac"age onl! contains su$pac"ages. /t cannot contain

repositor! o8ects.

Non$Structural Pac"age contains oth repositor! o8ects and su$

pac"ages.

60. What are the de2ault pa#3ages delivered with the repositor?

Sap

S!stem$local

S!stem$local.generated

S!stem$local.private

61. What #an "e the *a!i*u* length o2 a pa#3age na*e?

?>= characters including dots. @#ample: 7a8umar.p"g?BC

6&. What are pa#3age privileges?

[email protected]@A: 7ead access to the selected pac"age and design$time

o8ects *oth native and imported+.

7@P2.@/T;NAT/)@;210@'TS: Authori%ation to modi! design$time o8ects

in pac"ages originating in the s!stem the user is wor"ing in.

[email protected]'T/)AT@;NAT/)@;210@'TS: Authori%ation to activateDreactivate

design$time o8ects in pac"age originating in the s!stem the user is

wor"ing [email protected]/NTA/N;NAT/)@;PA'AE@S: Authori%ation to update or delete



native pac"ages or create su$pac"ages o pac"ages originating in the

s!stem in which the user is wor"ing.

6(. How ea#h o"+e#t is uniquel identi8ed in the repositor?

@ach o8ect is uni3uel! identifed ! the comination o pac"age name,o8ect name and o8ect t!pe.

6,. 9an *ultiple o"+e#ts o2 the sa*e tpe #an have the sa*e

o"+e#t na*e?

Fes, onl! when the! elong to diGerent pac"ages.

65.What are the di/erent tas3s ou #an per2or* in setting up the

"asis persisten#e *odel 2or SAP HANA 'S?

'reating Schema, 'reating Tale, 'reating )iew, 'reating Se3uence and

/mporting tale content.

6. What are the di/erent tas3s ou #an per2or* in *odeler

perspe#tive?

/mport metadata, oad data, 'reate pac"ages, 'reate inormation views,

'reate Procedures, 'reate Anal!tical privileges, /mport SAP Net5eaver 15

o8ects, 'reate ecision Tales, /mport and @#port o8ects.

67. What are the supported o"+e#t tpes in *odeler perspe#tive?

Attriute views, Anal!tical views, 'alculation views, Anal!tical privileges,Procedures, ecision tales, Process )isiilit! Scenario.

66. What are the di/erent *odeler pre2eren#es and how do ou

set?

Fou can set the modeler preerences ! choosing the menu 5indow

Preerences Modeler *or+ -uic" launch Manage Preerences.

6. Wh to #on8gure :*port server?

/n order to load data data rom e#ternal sources to SAP HANA we need toestalish a connection with the server. To connect, we need to provide

details o 1usiness 28ects ata Services repositor! and 21' drivers.

2nce the connection is estalished, we can import the tales defnition

and then load data into tale defnitions.

-uic" launch 'onfgure /mport Server

@nter the /P address o the server rom which !ou want to import data

@nter the repositor! name

@nter the 21' data source, and choose 2.



0. How to :*port ta"le de8nitions?

/ !ou want to import all tale defnitions, Eo to

6ile menu 'hoose /mport

@#pand the SAP HANA 'ontent node

'hoose &Mass /mport o Metadata( and choose ne#tSelect the target s!stem where !ou want to import all the tale

defnitions, and choose ne#t

/n the 'onnections etails ialog , enter the user name and password o

the target s!stem

Select the re3uired source s!stem and choose 6inish.

Note: / !ou want to import selective tale defnitions use &Selective

/mport o Metadata(.

1. How to load data into ta"les?

-uic" aunch ata Provisioning

'hoose Source

'hoose oad *or /nitial load+ or 7eplicate *or data replication+

Select the re3uired tales to load or replicate

'lic" 6inish.

&. How to upload data 2ro* ;lat 8les?

6ile menu /mport

/n ISelect an /mport SourceI section, e#pand the ISAP HANA 'ontentI node

Select Iata rom ocal fleI and choose Ne#tSelect the Target s!stem to which !ou want to import the data using 6lat

fle, choose Ne#t

/n Iefne Properties /mport PageI rowse the fle containing the data

Select INewI option */ !ou want to load the data into a new tale+ or

Select the I@#istingI option */ !ou want to append the data to an e#isting

tale+

'lic" 6inish.

(. How to #op standard #ontent delivered " SAP?-uic" aunch Mass 'op!

'reate a mapping etween source pac"age and target pac"age

'hoose Ne#t to view the summar!

'lic" 6inish to confrm content cop!.

,. What is S#he*a *apping? How do ou do S#he*a *apping?

Schema mapping is done when the ph!sical schema in the target s!stem

is not the same as the ph!sical

schema in the source s!stem.



-uic" aunch Schema Mapping

'hoose Add

'reate a mapping in the Target s!stem etween the Authoring schema

and Ph!sical schema

'lic" 2.

Note: Schema mapping onl! applies to reerences rom repositor! o8ects

to catalog on8ects. /t is not intended to e used or repositor! to repositor!

reerences.

5. :n whi#h #on8guration ta"le4 the *apping "etween authoring

and phsi#al s#he*a is stored?

SFS;1/.M;S'H@MA;MAPP/NE

. What<s the purpose o2 =enerating >i*e )ata?

/ !ou model a time attriute view without generating time data, an empt!

view will e shown when !ou use data preview. To generate Time ata go

to

-uic" aunch Eenerate Time ata

/ !our fnancial !ear is rom 0anuar! to ecemer, 'hoose I'alender T!peI

as Eregorian else 6iscal

'lic" Eenerate.

7. :n whi#h #on8guration ta"le the generated ti*e data

in2or*ation will "e stored?

6or Eregorian calendar t!pe *SFS;1/+

M;T/M@;/M@NS/2N;F@A7 M;T/M@;/M@NS/2N;M2NTH

M;T/M@;/M@NS/2N;5@@ M;T/M@;/M@NS/2N

6or 6iscal

M;6/S'A;'A@NA7

6. What is an Attri"ute?

Attriute represents the descriptive data used in modeling. @#ample: 'it!,'ountr!, etc.

. What is a Si*ple Attri"ute?

Simple attriutes are individual anal!tical elements that are derived rom

the data oundation. 6or e#ample Product;/, Product;Name are attriutes

o a Product su8ect area.

100. what is a 9al#ulated Attri"ute?

'alculated attriutes are derived rom one or more e#isting attriutes orconstants. 6or e#ample deriving the ull name o a customer *frst name



and last name+, assigning a constant value to an attriute that can e

used or arithmetic calculations.

101. What is a Private Attri"ute?

Private attriutes used in an anal!tical view allow !ou to customi%e theehavior o an attriute or onl! that view. 6or e#ample i !ou create an

anal!tical view and !ou want a particular attriute to ehave diGerentl!

than it does in the attriute view to which it elongs, !ou can defne it as

a private attriute.

10&. What is a Measure?

Measures are simple measurale anal!tical elements and are derived rom

Anal!tic and 'alculation views.

10(. What is a Si*ple Measure?

Simple Measure is a measurale anal!tical element that is derived rom

the data oundation.

10,. What is a 9al#ulated Measure?

'alculated Measures are defned ased on a comination o data rom

2AP cues, arithmetic operators, constants, and unctions.

105. What is a -estri#ted Measure?

7estricted measures are used to flter the value or an output feld asedon the user$defned rules 6or e#ample !ou can restrict the revenue column

onl! or 7egion J AP0, Fear J B=?C.

10. What are 9ounters?

'ounters add a new measure to the 'alculation view defnition to count

the recurrence o an attriute. 6or e#ample, to count how man! times

Product appears.

107. What is an Attri"ute iew?Attriute views are used to model entit! ased on the relationships

etween attriute data contained in multiple source tales. Fou can model

'olumns, 'alculated columns and Hierarchies.

Also !ou can fne$tune the attriutes o an Attriute view:

'an appl! flter to restrict values

'an e defned as Hidden so that the! can e processed ut not visile to

end users

'an e defned as "e! attriutes and used when 8oining multiple tales'an e urther drill down ! Irill own @naleI propert!.



Fou can model 'urrenc! and 9nit o Measure.

11(. 9an we in#lude Attri"ute views in Analti# view de8nition?

Fes

11,. What does the S#enario panel o2 Analti# view editor

#ontains?

ata 6oundation: represents the tales used or defning the act tale o

the view. Fou can speci! the central tale ! selecting a value in I'entral

@ntit!I propert!.

ogical 0oin: represents the relation etween act tale and attriute views

to create start schema.

Semantics: represents the output structure o the view.

115. What does the aggregation tpe <9al#ulate e2ore

Aggregation< *ean?

/ !ou select I'alculate 1eore AggregationI, the calculation happens as

per the e#pression specifed and then the results are aggregated as S9M,

MA4, M/N, or '29NT. / it is N2T selected, the calculation happens as per

the e#pression specifed ut the data is not aggregated ut shown as

627M9A.

11. How to a#tivate the other o"+e#ts $required or i*pa#ted

o"+e#ts% along with #urrent o"+e#t?

1! using ISave and Activate AllI option in the toolar.

117. 9an ou add #olu*n views to Analti# view and 9al#ulation

view?

5e can add column views in a 'alculation view ut not in the Anal!tic

view.

116. 9onsider there is a ta"le that #ontains produ#t :)<s with no

produ#t des#ription and ou have a te!t ta"le 2or produ#ts thathas language spe#i8# des#ription 2or ea#h produ#t? How #an ou

get the language spe#i8# data?

'reate a te#t 8oin etween these two tales. The right tale should e the

te#t tale and is mandator! to speci! the &anguage 'olumn( in the

IPropertiesI view.

11. What are the restri#tions while #reating the +oin "etween the

views and 2a#t ta"le?

A tale should not appear twice in an! 8oin path, i.e. Sel 8oin is notsupported.



5hile creating 8oin etween Anal!tic view and Attriute view the same

tale cannot e used in oth the views.

1&0. What is 9al#ulation view?

'alculation view is more advanced slice o the data and can includemeasures rom multiple source o tales, can include advanced S- logic.

The data oundation o the calculation view can include an! comination

o tales, column views, attriute views and anal!tic views. 5e can create

8oins, unions, pro8ections, and aggregation levels on the sources. Fou can

model Attriutes, Measures, 'alculated measures, 'ounters, Hierarchies

*created outside o the attriute view+, )ariales and /nput parameters.

1&1. 9al#ulation views are *odeled "ased on what?

Eraphical views or Scripted views ut not as S-Script. However there are

e#ceptions to this rule. S-Script with the ollowing properties can e

used in 'alculation view:

No input parameters

Alwa!s 7ead$onl! *do not ma"e changes to dataase+

Side$eGect ree.

1&&. What are the option availa"le in <-un With< while #reating

#al#ulation view?

efnerIs 7ight, /nvo"erIs 7ight.

efners right: S!stem uses the rights o the defner while e#ecuting theview or procedure or an! user.

/nvo"ers right: S!stem uses the rights o the current user while e#ecuting

the view or procedure.

1&(. While #reating a =raphi#al 9al#ulation view4 what are the

options availa"le in >ools palette?

9nion, 0oin, Pro8ection, and Aggregation.

Note: Fou can have onl! one source o input or Pro8ection and

Aggregation views. Fou can create flters on Pro8ection and Aggregation view

attriutes.

1&,. How to #reate 9ounters in =raphi#al 9al#ulation view?

6or e#ample to get the numer o distinct values o an attriute:

Eo to the 2utput pane, right clic" 'ounters

6rom the conte#t menu, choose New

'hoose Attriute

'lic" o".



1&5. :s it *andator to in#lude *easures 2or 9al#ulation view?

No. 'alculation view containing no measures wor"s li"e an attriute view

and is not availale or reporting purposes.

1&. How do ou de"ug the 9al#ulation view with lot o2#o*ple!it at ea#h level?

1! previewing the data o an intermediate node.

1&7. What is Mapping input para*eter in 9al#ulation view?

/t is used or mapping the input parameters in the underl!ing data sources

o the calculation view with calculation view parameters.

1&6. :n #al#ulation view4 What is the option <Auto Map " Na*e<

used 2or?

/t automaticall! creates the input parameters corresponding to the source

and perorm a ?:? mapping.

1&. What are the options availa"le in Sour#e input para*eter?

'reate New Map ?:?

Map ! Name

7emove Mapping

L?.'onsider there are two tales *Actual sales and Planned sales+ with

similar structures. / want to see the comined data in a single view ut atthe same time how can / diGerentiate the data etween these two tales

'reate a union view *Eraphical+ etween the two tales and have a

I'onstant columnI indicating constant values li"e IAI or Actual sales and

IPI or Planned sales. The deault value or the constant column is N9.

1(0. What is a 9onstant #olu*n and how to #reate it?

/n a 9nion view, a 'onstant column is created or the output attriutes or

which there is no mapping to the source attriutes. To create 'onstantcolumn:

7ight clic" the attriute in the target list

'hoose Manage Mappings

To map the source to the target column, select the re3uired source rom

the dropdown list

To assign a deault value to the constant column, enter a value in the

'onstant value feld

Select the re3uired data t!pe, length and scale as re3uired

'lic" o".

sap hana modeling questions

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