sap netweaver bw and sap businessobjects : the ... · pdf file2.4.2 sapbusinessobjects...
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Loren Heilig, Torsten Kessler, Thilo Knotzele, Dr. Peter John,
Karin Thaler-AAieslinger
SAP NetWeaver® BW and
SAP0 BusinessObjects
The Comprehensive Guide
••A ®
^ •.
Galileo Press
Bonn » Boston
Contents
Introduction 21
PART I: Business Intelligence Fundamentals
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H1.1 What is Business Intelligence? 31
1.2 Layer Model of the Bl Architecture 33
1.3 User Groups in the Enterprise 35
1.4 Data Warehousing 36
1.4.1 What Is a Data Warehouse? 37
1.4.2 Architecture of a Data Warehouse 38
1.5 Data Staging 39
1.5.1 Data Acquisition Layer 40
1.5.2 Quality and Harmonization Layer 40
1.5.3 Data Propagation Layer 41
1.5.4 Business Transformation Layer 41
1.5.5 Reporting Layer 42
1.6 Online Analytical Processing 42
1.6.1 Multidimensional Dataspaces 43
1.6.2 Extended Star Schema in SAP NetWeaver BW 47
1.6.3 Structure Anomalies 48
1.6.4 Data Retention 50
1.6.5 Usage Areas of Multidimensional Data Structures 51
1.6.6 Presentation and Navigation 51
1.7 Business Reporting 52
1.7.1 Report System Types 53
1.7.2 Periodic Reporting 54
1.7.3 Aperiodic Reporting 55
1.7.4 Ad-Hoc Reporting 56
1.7.5 Report Design 56
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Contents
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2.1 Overview 60
2.2 Main Bl Terms 61
2.2.1 Business Intelligence 63
2.2.2 Data Warehousing 67
2.2.3 Enterprise Performance Management 68
2.2.4 Enterprise Information Management 70
2.2.5 Comparison of Former and New Terms 72
2.3 New Features in SAP NetWeaver BW 7.3 73
2.3.1 InfoObjects 74
2.3.2 DataStore Object 74
2.3.3 InfoProviders 75
2.3.4 Nearline Storage 75
2.3.5 Data Flow 75
2.3.6 Extraction 76
2.3.7 Authorizations 76
2.3.8 BW Integrated Planning 77
2.3.9 SAP NetWeaver BW Accelerator and SAP HANA 77
2.4 New Features in SAP BusinessObjects Bl 4.0 78
2.4.1 New Semantic Layer 78
2.4.2 SAP BusinessObjects Dashboards 79
2.4.3 SAP Crystal Reports 79
2.4.4 SAP BusinessObjects Web Intelligence 80
2.5 Using SAP NetWeaver BW 7.3 and SAP BusinessObjects Bl 4.0
Together 80
2.6 Data Modeling 82
2.6.1 Data Warehousing Workbench 83
2.6.2 DataStore Objects 88
2.6.3 InfoProviders 90
2.6.4 Aggregates 94
2.6.5 SAP NetWeaver BW Accelerator 95
2.7 Data Staging 96
2.7.1 Creating DataSources 97
2.7.2 Creating Data Flows 97
2.7.3 Transformations 98
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2.7.4 InfoPackages 99
2.7.5 Data Transfer Process 99
2.8 Extraction 99
2.8.1 Source Systems 100
2.8.2 Extraction from Systems of the SAP Business Suite 101
2.8.3 Extraction from Non-SAP Systems 101
2.8.4 SAP BusinessObjects Data Services as an ETL Tool 102
2.9 Administration of the BW System 103
2.9.1 Process Chains 103
2.9.2 Monitoring 103
2.9.3 Transport System 104
2.9.4 Analysis Process Designer 104
2.9.5 BW Administration Cockpit 105
2.10 Analyses (Reporting) 105
2.10.1 Which Tool Should I Use, and When? 106
2.10.2 BEx Query Designer 107
2.10.3 SAP BusinessObjects Bl Platform 107
2.10.4 Excel-Based Analysis 108
2.10.5 Web-Based Analyses 109
2.10.6 Formatted Reporting 110
2.10.7 Dashboards and Office Integration 111
2.10.8 Mobile Applications 112
2.10.9 Roadmap for SAP NetWeaver BW 3.x and 7.x Users 114
2.11 Planning with BW Integrated Planning 116
2.11.1 Modeling Planning Applications 116
2.11.2 Designing the Planning Frontend 118
2.12 Outlook 120
2.12.1 SAP BusinessObjects 120
2.12.2 SAP HANA 122
PART ll: Backend
^^^^H|^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^U3.1 Data Warehousing Workbench 128
3.1.1 Structure of the Work Area 128
3.1.2 Functions of the Task Area 130
3.1.3 Data Modeling Using the Data Warehousing Workbench...
140
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3.1.4 Best Practices for Data Modeling 144
3.1.5 Naming Conventions 151
3.2 InfoObjects 155
3.2.1 Creating Characteristics and Key Figures 155
3.2.2 General Settings for the Characteristic 158
3.2.3 Business Explorer Settings for the Characteristic 160
3.2.4 Characteristic Settings for Master Data and Texts 165
3.2.5 Attributes in Characteristics 169
3.2.6 Hierarchies in Characteristics 171
3.2.7 Time Dependency 179
3.2.8 Compounding 181
3.2.9 Document Storage 183
3.2.10 Geo-Coding for Preparing Map Presentations 183
3.2.11 Characteristics as InfoProviders 185
3.2.12 General Settings for the Key Figure 186
3.2.13 Aggregation of Key Figures 187
3.2.14 Additional Settings for Key Figures 192
3.2.15 Special InfoObjects: Units and Time 193
3.2.16 Best Practices for Maintaining InfoObjects 195
3.3 DataStore Objects 198
3.3.1 DataStore Objects in the Data WarehousingArchitecture 198
3.3.2 Standard DSOs 202
3.3.3 Write-Optimized DSOs 209
3.3.4 DSOs for Direct Update 211
3.3.5 Semantic DSOs 212
3.3.6 Administration and Performance 217
3.4 InfoCubes 221
3.4.1 InfoCubes in the Data Warehousing Architecture 221
3.4.2 Standard InfoCube 224
3.4.3 Real Time-Enabled InfoCube 230
3.4.4 Semantic InfoCube 232
3.4.5 Performance and Administration 233
3.4.6 Remodeling Tool 235
3.4.7 (Re)partitioning and (Re)clustering 239
3.5 Special InfoProviders 240
3.5.1 Special Data Targets in the Data Warehousing
Architecture 240
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3.5.2 MultiProviders 242
3.5.3 InfoSet 247
3.5.4 VirtualProviders 253
3.5.5 HybridProviders 256
3.6 Aggregates and BW Accelerator 259
3.6.1 Aggregates in the Data Warehousing Architecture 259
3.6.2 Creating Aggregates 260
3.6.3 Using Aggregates 264
3.6.4 BW Accelerator 265
3.7 Data Flow 267
3.7.1 Procedure Model for Data Flow Generation 267
3.7.2 DataSources 273
3.7.3 InfoSources 279
3.7.4 Open Hub Destinations 280
3.7.5 Transformations 281
3.7.6 Programming Transformation Routines 290
3.7.7 Migrating Data Flows from 3.x Systems 294
3.8 Load Processes 296
3.8.1 InfoPackages and PSA 296
3.8.2 Data Transfer Processes 303
3.8.3 Process Chains 309
3.9 Report-Report Interface 310
4.1 DataSource 316
4.2 Extraction from SAP Source Systems 317
4.2.1 Extraction of Business Content 319
4.2.2 Generic Extraction from SAP Systems 324
4.3 Extraction from Non-SAP Systems 327
4.3.1 D8 Connect 327
4.3.2 Universal Data Integration 329
4.3.3 Web Service 331
4.4 Extraction with SAP BusinessObjects Data Services 334
4.4.1 Overview 334
4.4.2 Graphic Modeling of Data Flows 335
4.4.3 DataSources 336
4.4.4 Transformations 337
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4.5 integration of SAP NetWeaver BW and SAP BusinessObjectsData Services 339
4.6 Delta Capability 341
4.6.1 Delta Queue 343
4.6.2 Delta Procedure, Delta Mode, and Update Mode 344
4.6.3 Delta Processing in the BW System 346
5.1 Data Supply 349
5.2 InfoPackages 353
5.3 Process Chains 356
5.3.1 Overview 357
5.3.2 Creating Process Chains 358
5.3.3 Process Types in a Process Chain 359
5.3.4 Process Categories 361
5.4 System Monitoring 364
5.4.1 BW CCMS 365
5.4.2 Data Load Monitor 365
5.4.3 Attribute Change Run Monitor 369
5.4.4 System Load Monitor 370
5.5 Transport System 372
5.5.1 BW Object Version Management 372
5.5.2 General Transport Procedure in BW 373
5.5.3 Transport Connection in the Data Warehousing
Workbench 375
5.5.4 Special Features of BEx Elements 379
^^^^^Ml^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ffl^^^^^^^^O^^^^^^^^^^^li^w
6.1 Transaction Authorizations 382
6.1.1 Separation of Backend and Reporting 382
6.1.2 New Objects in SAP NetWeaver BW 7.30 383
6.1.3 Roles in BW 383
6.2 Analysis Authorizations 384
6.2.1 Fundamentals 385
6.2.2 Barrier Principle 386
6.2.3 Authorization Management 387
6.2.4 Authorization Maintenance 387
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6.2.5 Assignment to Users: Transactions RSU01 and SU01 393
6.2.6 Mass Maintenance Transaction RSECSY 397
6.2.7 Analysis of Authorization Checks and Authorization Log .... 400
6.2.8 Generating Authorizations 403
6.2.9 Migrating from Release BW 3.x to BW 7.x 405
6.2.10 Migrating from Release BW 7.0 to BW 7.30 406
6.3 Conclusion 407
7.1 Structure and Architecture 410
7.1.1 Bl Launchpad: Ul for End Users 416
7.1.2 Administration: Central Management Console 417
7.1.3 Transports with the Lifecycle Management Console 421
7.1.4 Transports with the Upgrade Management Tool 422
7.2 Data Providers—Common Semantic Layer and BICS 423
7.2.1 Universe Design Tool 424
7.2.2 Information Design Tool 427
7.2.3 Query as a Web Service Designer 432
7.2.4 SAP BusinessObjects Live Office 433
7.2.5 Business View Manager 436
7.3 Queries in the Clients 437
7.3.1 Result Objects 439
7.3.2 Query Filter 440
7.3.3 Data Preview 442
PART III: Frontend
8.1 SAP Business Explorer Suite 445
8.1.1 Tools 445
8.1.2 Interaction between BEx Components 447
8.2 BW Query 447
8.3 Structure of the BEx Query Designer 449
8.3.1 InfoProviders 450
8.3.2 Work Area 451
8.3.3 Menu and Toolbar 456
8.3.4 Properties 459
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8.4 Getting Started 471
8.5 Filters 478
8.6 Structure Definition 482
8.7 Structures 483
8.8 Selection 486
8.9 Formulas 489
8.10 Calculated and Restricted Key Figures 493
8.11 Designing Variable BW Queries 494
8.11.1 BEx Variables 494
8.11.2 Pre-Queries 501
8.12 Special Functions 503
8.12.1 Local versus Global Objects 503
8.12.2 Conditions 504
8.12.3 Exceptions 507
8.12.4 Cell Definitions 509
8.12.5 Constant Selection 512
8.12.6 External Access to BW Queries 513
8.12.7 OLAP Processor 516
8.12.8 Query Monitor 517
^fif?x; i'^>!j ..^jh,',;rifiljff^^M^M^^MNMK&fl9.1 Restricting the Value Range of a Report 522
9.1.1 Variants 524
9.1.2 Personalization 526
9.2 Navigation Options 527
9.2.1 Changing Filter Values 527
9.2.2 Filtering Key Figures 530
9.2.3 Modifying the Drilldown 530
9.2.4 Back Navigation 531
9.2.5 Saving Navigation States 531
9.3 Modifying the Display of a BEx Report 531
9.3.1 Global Settings 532
9.3.2 Settings for Characteristics 534
9.3.3 Settings for Key Figures 535
9.3.4 Saving Settings 535
H
Contents
Overview 537
10.1.1 General 538
10.1.2 Architecture 540
10.1.3 Operation 541
10.1.4 Saving the Workbook 543
10.1.5 Specifying the Default Workbook 543
10.1.6 Working with Pivot Tables 544
10.1.7 Tools 545
Analysis Mode 546
10.2.1 Variable Dialog 548
10.2.2 Navigating 549
10.2.3 Adapting the Presentation 551
Design Mode 552
10.3.1 DataProvider 553
10.3.2 Design Items 554
10.3.3 Interfaces 558
10.3.4 Layout 559
3
Overview 561
11.1.1 Report Types 562
11.1.2 Data Sources 562
Getting Started 563
11.2.1 Interface 563
11.2.2 Inserting Data 565
Functions 568
11.3.1 Prompts 568
11.3.2 Filtering 569
11.3.3 Sorting 571
11.3.4 Hierarchy 572
11.3.5 Calculations 573
11.3.6 Conditional Formatting 574
11.3.7 Members, Measures, and Totals 575
11.3.8 Charts 576
Settings 577
11.4.1 Styles 577
10.1
10.2
10.3
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
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11.4.2 info Fields 578
11.4.3 Macros 579
11.5 Presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint 580
11.5.1 Creating a Slide from Microsoft Excel 580
11.5.2 Creating a Slide in Microsoft PowerPoint 581
12.1 Overview 583
12.2 Integration with SAP NetWeaver Portal 585
12.3 Functions 586
12.3.1 Table and Graphical Display 586
12.3.2 Exceptions and Conditions 587
12.3.3 Information 591
12.3.4 Changing Variable Assignments 591
12.3.5 Export, Printing, and Broadcasting 591
12.3.6 Saving and Using Report Results 592
12.3.7 Document Functions and Comments 594
12.3.8 Modifying the Standard Web Template 595
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13.1 Overview 597
13.1.1 General 598
13.1.2 Architecture of a Web Template 600
13.1.3 BICS Structure 602
13.2 Structure of the BEx Web Application Designer 603
13.2.1 Operating the BEx Web Application Designer 605
13.2.2 Design Area 606
13.2.3 Web Items 608
13.2.4 Properties 611
13.3 Creating Web Templates 612
13.3.1 Layout Design 613
13.3.2 Creating the Web Template 614
13.3.3 Testing the Function of a Web Template 616
13.4 Advanced Functions 617
13.4.1 Language-Dependent Texts 617
13.4.2 Web Design API 619
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13.4.3 JavaScript 620
13.4.4 Integration with SAP NetWeaver Portal 621
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14.1 Structure 623
14.2 Getting Started 628
14.3 Functions 630
14.3.1 Report Elements 630
14.3.2 Sections 634
14.3.3 Variables/Formula Fields 634
14.3.4 Filter Bar 636
14.4 Ad-Hoc Analysis 637
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
Interface Structure 640
Getting Started 643
Filters and Parameters 644
15.3.1 Dynamic Parameters 646
15.3.2 Static Parameters 647
15.3.3 BEx Variables 648
Groupings 649
Charts 653
Subreports 657
Modified Functions 660
15.7.1 Formula Workshop 660
15.7.2 Conditional Formatting 661
15.7.3 Document Settings 662
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Structure and Functions 665
Getting Started 671
Integration with SAP NetWeaver BW 679
16.3.1 Overview 679
16.3.2 Access to BW Queries 679
Components and Their Properties 682
16.4.1 Tables 682
16.4.2 Tabs 683
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Contents
16.4.3 Charts 684
16.4.4 Maps 686
16.4.5 Buttons and Other Input Items 687
17.1 Structure 689
17.2 Getting Started 691
17.2.1 Search 691
17.2.2 Analysis 691
17.2.3 Calculated Measures 692
17.2.4 Filtering and Sorting 693
17.2.5 Changing the Analysis Details 694
17.2.6 Table Display 694
17.2.7 Analysis Types 695
17.2.8 Export Options 697
17.3 Administration 698
17.3.1 Roles 699
17.3.2 Creating and Maintaining Information Spaces 699
PART IV: Evaluations on BW Basis
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^18.1 Overview of the Planning Process 704
18.2 Modeling of Data Retention 706
18.3 Planning Modeling in ABAP or Java 707
18.3.1 Selecting Real Time-Enabled InfoProviders 708
18.3.2 Aggregation Levels 709
18.3.3 Restricting Aggregation Levels with a Filter 711
18.3.4 Planning Functions 712
18.3.5 Planning Sequences 714
18.4 BW Query: Creating Input Masks with the BEx Query Designer 714
19.1 Overview of SAP Consolidation Solutions 717
19.2 Fields of Implementation for SAP SEM-BCS 719
19.2.1 Benefits of a Consolidated Financial Statement 719
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19.2.2 Preparations for the Creation of a Financial Statement 720
19.2.3 Consolidation 720
19.3 The Concept of SAP SEM-BCS 722
19.3.1 Architecture of SAP SEM-BCS 722
19.3.2 Structure of SAP SEM-BCS 723
19.3.3 Data Model 725
19.3.4 Reporting 727
19.4 Process of Creating a Financial Statement 727
19.4.1 Supply of Company Data 727
19.4.2 Currency Translation 728
19.4.3 Consolidation Functions 729
19.5 Summary 733
A Abbreviations 737
B Glossary 741
C Bibliography 753
D Tables 755
E Transactions 759
F SAP Notes 765
F.1 Extraction 765
F.1.1 DB Connect 765
F.1.2 Real-Time Data Acquisition 765
F.2 Modeling 766
F.3 VirtualProviders 766
F.4 Business Content 766
F.5 Reporting 767
F.6 BW Integrated Planning 767
F.7 SAP BusinessObjects 767
F.8 SAP NetWeaver BW in Production 768
G The Authors 769
Index
19