sap nwt, network

7/25/2019 SAP NWT, network

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Every time a network is scheduled, forward and backward scheduling is

carried out by the system; and if activated it determines float and capacity

reuirements for activities, reduction level used to schedule the network,

earliest and latest dates for the relationship.

!orward scheduling determines the earliest dates.

"ackward scheduling determines the latest

dates.

!loat# $f earliest dates are not same as latest

dates, then float occurs.%he &cheduling results are#

&cheduled start and finish for the network.

Earliest start and finish dates 'earliest dates( and the latest start and finish

dates 'latest dates( for activities and earliest and latest dates for relationships.

)eduction levels used to reduce the network and float times 'total and free float(

for activities. *nd capacity reuirements for activities.

Every time a network is schedcarried out by the system; and

reuirements for activities, re

earliest and latest dates for th

!orward scheduling determine

"ackward scheduling determ

dates.

!loat# $f earliest dates are not

dates, then float occurs.


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+ther influencing factors in scheduling#

$nternal processing# the normal uration maintained in the activity is used by

the system for scheduling internally processed activity.

E-ternal processing# lanned delivery time or normal uration 'e-plicitly to

be activated in control key( will be used by system for scheduling e-ternallyprocessed activity.

/eneral costs activity# uration

)elationship# %ime interval# !i-ed or as a percentage.

%he work centers can be maintained in internally or e-ternally processed activity

and in relationships, and work centers contains following information0s#

1. !ormulas for calculating duration of activities

2. !actory calendar and operating time for each workday.


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* network must and always scheduled forwards and backwards and scheduling type

specifies whether forward scheduling or backward scheduling is carried out first.

!orward scheduling calculates the earliest start and finish dates for all activities, and

the scheduled finish date of the network. * start activity is an activity in a network

that does not have a predecessor.

"ackward scheduling calculates the latest start and finish dates for an activity 'latest

dates( and the scheduled start date of the network. * target activity is an activity in

a network that does not have a successor.

hen forward scheduling is performed first, the date from which scheduling starts

is the basic start date in the network header. hen forward scheduling is

performed after backwards scheduling the start date is calculated from backward

scheduling.

hen backward scheduling is performed first, the base date from which

scheduling starts is the basic start date in the network header. hen backwards

scheduling is performed after forward scheduling the finish date is calculated fromforward scheduling.

&tart dates are at the beginning of the day

'#(. !inish dates are at the end of the day

'24#(.


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Scheduling Assembly Networks:

+verall etwork &cheduling can be performed for a sales order item.

%his function schedules the network assigned to the sales order item and all

other networks with relationships to it 'total network scheduling(.

%he function leads to an update of all items in the sales order with assignmentsto the total network.

Overall Network Scheduling with Selection Options:

%his function is used along with selection criteria to specify which network5sub6

network are to be taken into account as part of overall network scheduling.

* prereuisite for the use of the +verall network scheduling with selection options

function is that suitable levels are defined beforehand for the pro7ect system and

network types and number intervals are assigned to it.


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9egend#

E& : earliest start

E! : earliest finish

9& : latest start

9! : latest finish

%! : total float

!! : free float

!loats supply information about time reserves available for individual activities and

one can use floats calculated in scheduling, for e-ample in capacity leveling, to

shift activities between their earliest and latest dates or to e-tend their duration.

%otal float# %he amount of time an activity can be shifted from its earliest dates into

the future without affecting the latest dates of its successor. '%otal float# : 9&6E&

or 9!6E!(

!ree float# %he amount of time an activity can be shifted from its earliest datesinto the future without affecting the earliest dates of its successor. '!ree float :

E& successor E! activity(


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%he slide describes the calculation of total floats and free floats#

%he total float can be calculated as the difference between the earliest and

latest start of an activity.

$n the above e-ample#

ay 8 '#( 6 ay '#( : 1 ay.

%he free float of an activity can be calculated as the difference between the

earliest start of the successor and the earliest finish of the activity.

$n the above e-ample#

ay < '#( 6 ay = '24#( : 1 ay.

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)eduction#

)eduction can be used when the time period within which activities are scheduled

is not enough for processing all the activities.

%his reduces the scheduled duration of internally6processed activities and for

which reduction strategy has been maintained.>p to si- reduction levels can be defined for each reduction strategy. %he

percentage reduction reuired can be entered for each reduction level.

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?ou can plan pro7ect costs in two different ways#

@anual cost planning in the "&

Aost planning using activities 'network costing(

@anual planning in the "& involves#

1. +verall planning is a structure6oriented planning and is the most basic form. $n

this kind of cost planning you enter costs for each "& element which will be

broken down by fiscal year if you want.

2. Aost element planning is a detailed planning of primary costs and activity inputs

which is cost element based and period based.

3. $n >nit costing you use a profile to enter uantities like internal activities,

materials, variable items and e-ternal services etc. for each "& element.

>nit costing is cost element based.

4. !rom 4.8A release, you can use Easy Aost lanning which offers you an easy6

to6use tool for planning costs by cost element in a uantity structure. *nd further

one can use E-ecution &ervices to enter actual data and commitment for the

related planned costs.

%he plan costs can be determined manually as mentioned above and also by creating

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activities for "& elements, and using these activities to plan costs.

hen using networks and activities, planned costs are automatically

calculated based on the resource reuirements identified for activities and

operations.

)esources provide a uantity structure that can be dynamically valued by the system.

%his method has the following advantages#

a. resulting plan can be copied to new pro7ects

b. cost planning is shifted automatically along with the activities, if parts of the

pro7ect are shifted.

c. lanning using network activities is by cost element and period.


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?ou can plan pro7ect costs simply by creating activities for "& elements 'for e-ample, in the

pro7ect planning board or structure planning transactions(.

lanning in this case is by period and cost element.

%his process has significant advantages over manual planning of primary costs or activity

inputs#

Aost planning can be postponed easily, using a work package.

?ou can copy this type of cost planning to new pro7ects.

Aost planning is integrated with time scheduling and resource

planning.

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hen you plan dates and resources in network activities, the system determines

the corresponding planned costs automatically.

lanned costs are determined for the following

ob7ects# *ctivity inputs for internally6processed

activities

rimary costs for e-ternally6processed activities and services

rimary costs for general costs activities

rimary costs for material components

*ctivity elements are costed as if they were activities.

&ystem automatically calculates the planned cost based on planned dates and resources in

network activities.

Aost elements should be identified by cost relevant items. $dentification in internal activities,

e-ternal activities is as#

$nternal activities5 services# etermination is by means of secondary cost element assigned in

the network type master data

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E-ternal activities5services #1( on stock6$t is identified by /5l account 2( &tock6 $t is

determined by automatic account determination

Aost planning is integrated with time scheduling and resource planning


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$nternally processed activities are used for the work which needs to be e-ecuted in own

company and assist in planning work.

$n the activity, you need to maintain the work data and based on same system calculate costs

for these activities.

ork is an input for machine or person to e-ecute the activity. *nd work center is place

where the work is carried out and work output is provided.

ork centers contains data such as scheduling and capacity, which assists in costing,

scheduling and capacity planning of activities.

%he costs can be distributed over the network duration for internally processed activities Bcost activities and controlled via distribution key.

%he distribution key is determined from the activity or from work center 'only in internally6

processed activities(, if not maintained in activity. $f distribution key is not maintained or

determined, costs are distributed evenly 'over the earliest dates( in the activity.

E-ample# *n activity spread across periods < and 1, with a total work time of 2 hours.

%he dates and the distribution key used for the activity assign 1 hours to period < and

1

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hours to period 1. $f the rate is 1 Euros per hour for period < and C Euros per

hour for period 1 and valuation per period has been stipulated, the costs are

1 Euros for period < and 12 Euros for period 1.

uring e-ecution phase, when you confirm the activities, you consume the capacity

reuired by the activity and enter the actual date and costs.

?ou can distribute work among the employees by assigning persons to the activities

from a pro7ect team which can be set up from D) organiational units, persons or

positions.


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hen procuring services e-ternally 'outsourcing(, you can create services or externally-

processed activities.

E-ample# ?ou commission a freelance engineer to design and build a machine.

hen creating a e-ternally processed activity or service activity, a purchase reuisition is

created based on the settings and further processed in purchasing and the data can be

accessed from purchasing for e-ternal processing e.g. purchasing info record, which

contains data for the pricing and delivery times.

Externally-processed activities give rise to planned costs equivalent to the prices romthe purchasing ino record or the price in the activity! "he valuation variant or the

network costing variant determines which price is used or the valuation! #hen the

purchase requisition is activated and converted to a purchase order$ the activity is

also shown as a purchase requisition commitment or purchase order commitment!

"he account assignment category in the purchase order determines whether the

goods%invoice receipt is valued - that is$ whether it gives rise to actual costs! & the

goods receipt is valuated$ actual costs are posted to the activity and the commitment

is reduced by the amount o the purchase order! "his means that the invoice receipt

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may correct the actual costs!

Service activities are maintained or the purchase o services!

'reating such an activity establishes the link to (( Services )((-S*+,! nlike

externally-processed activities$ service activities contain a service

speciication containing planned activities and value limits or unplanned

activities!

"his service speciication is copied to the purchase order where .urchasing

can then modiy it! Service activities also give rise to planned costs or

purchase requisition%order commitments! &nstead o goods receipts$ services

are later entered and accepted!

%he service activities also initiates the purchasing process but contain the value limits

for the unplanned services and hierarchy of planned services to be procured. %he

goods receipt process in &ervices activities involves following steps# service entry

and service acceptance.

%he e-ternally processed activity and service activities are differentiated by Aontrol

keys.


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e can assign a work center and planned work to an e-ternally processed activity.

%his allows to carry out capacity planning for vendors

Ahanges in network dates5uantity will trigger workflow for a + change#

$f changes are made in the network to dates or uantities for material

components or e-ternal activities for which + has already been created .system

triggers a workflow automatically. %he only prereuisite is that this workflow has

been activated in the parameters for the network type table

%he person responsible in purchasing will receive an information on the reuired

changes.

$f only ) is created, changes in the network to dates5uantities will update the

change in ) automatically

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%he $nternal processed activity, e-ternal processed activity and service activities are

differentiated by Aontrol keys.

e can generate urchase reuisition ')( for e-ternally processed activities

from ro7ect &ystem. %he ) is converted to a urchase order '+( in

purchasing. * goods receipt and invoice receipt can then be posted for thepurchase order

e can assign a work center and planned work to an e-ternally processed activity.

%his allows to carry out capacity planning for vendors

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?ou can use general costs activities to plan all other costs that cannot be mapped via

internally6processed activities or e-ternally6processed5service activities.

$n the general costs activity, you can enter a description, the amount and currency, a cost

element, a duration and a distribution key for distributing costs.

%he costs are distributed using the network duration for general costs activities.

istribution is controlled by means of the distribution key for the activity. $f no distribution

key is maintained, the costs are distributed evenly over the earliest dates in the activity.

?ou can create a unit cost plan for the general costs activity.

%his means that detailed costing is possible even at an early stage of the pro7ect

'for e-ample, for sales pricing(.

%he activities which cannot be tracked though internal5e-ternat activities5services can be

tracked through general cost activities to plan costs

Eg travel e-pense for meeting./enral cost activity is assigned to cost ob7ect

Aosts are distributed as per scheduled duration which is controlled by distribution key

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.%here are cases where distributionkey has not been maintained,in those cases

even distribution of cost is done based on the earliest dates in the activity

etaled costing can be done like during sales pricing phase that is at beggining

phase of pro7ect


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?ou can create invoicing plans directly for network activities 'e-ternal, service, or general

costs( or components procured e-ternally.

%his means that it is possible to plan costs and outgoing payments on the basis of dates

entered in the invoicing plan. Aosts are not simply distributed, but are calculated precisely

at the times specified in the invoicing plan.

?ou can create an invoicing plan by copying a reference invoicing plan.

%he reference invoicing plan fi-es cost and payment times relative to a start date.

*lternatively, you can copy billing milestones as dates to the invoicing plan of the activity. $f

you copy the milestones rather than creating them manually, they can be postponed

along with the dates in the invoicing plan if the activities are rescheduled.

?ou cannot create invoicing plans in combination with unit costings 'for general costs

activities or material components(.

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+n the basis of days, periods or fiscal years one can plan payment flows i.e. revenues

and e-penditure.

$n "& elements, manual planning of revenues and e-penditure is by period. *t

commitment item level 'ro7ect Aash @anagement master data( planning takes place.

%he uantity structure in the network and the billing plans in the "& or & document

are valuated in the automatic planning of financial data.

*utomatic planning will be done by day. lanned line items will be written.

"ased on assignment to /59 accounts commitment items will be determined. >nlike

revenue and costs calculation, payment date calculation takes account of the

customer and vendor payment terms respectively.

ote# %he credit side payment plan of the network is determined using theasynchronous network costing only.

%he dates and the payment terms are used in the & billing plan for planning incoming

payments. &ales order items will also be used in assigning the billing plan data and

payment terms'of the dates or sales order item(.%he delivery date including the

payment conditions is used if there is no billing plan for the sales order item.

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$n the case of activities processed e-ternally and e-ternally procured components,

invoicing plan including payment conditions are used or, the delivery dates including

payment conditions are used where there is no invoicing plan

$f an invoicing plan has been maintained, payment data is only planned for

general costs activities


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lanned revenues and incoming payments is relevant in billing plan.

ates for own payments are relevant only for payments 'not revenues(.

@ilestone billing dates appear as planned incoming payments and planned revenues. %wo

things are important for dates and amounts i.e. payment terms and payment target

'e-ample# payment 1 week after invoice issue, with 2F discount(

+nce the pro7ect is e-ecuted, invoice billing will be generated and appear in the pro7ect as

actual revenues and customer payment obligations. ith respect to dawn payment date,

down payment reuests will be generated by the billing program which are recorded inthe payment data for the pro7ect.

"illing plan can be created for a sales order, a sales order item or for a billing element in the

"&.

lanned costs and planned outgoing payments are relevant during the $nvoicing plan.

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$nvoicing planes can be created for e-ternally6processed activities, e-ternally6

procured material components, service activities and cost activities.


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epending on the transaction, you can calculate costs for one network 'e-ample# network

maintenance( or a range of networks 'e-ample# all networks for selected "& elements

in structure planning or the pro7ect planning board(.

?ou can calculate network costs asynchronously. %he advantage of this is that you can select

and cost broader ranges 'e-ample# * to G( and carry out costing in the background.

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Aosting variant controls calculation of planned and actual cost. Aosting variant

is assigned to order type. etworks are of order category 2.

%he valuation procedure is defined by valuation variant which is a component of

costing variant. "ased on valuation variant prices are determined by the system to

value componenets material, activity type, processes, subcontracting and e-ternal

activities. Haluation variant searches for prices in seuence from the price sources.

rice entered first is selected first

@aterials#rice is selected either from purchasing date or material master record

*ctivity type B rocesses# rice is selected either from activity based costing or

cost center accounting

E-ternallly processed activity#price is selected either from the activity or from

purchasing information record

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hen customiing the order value update, you stipulate, for each order category and

type, whether the order or network is appended 6 that is, whether its planned costs are

added to the pro7ect cost plan for assigned "& elements.

%here are two tables for the order type 'network type(. %he first is defined per order type,

the second 'parameters for network( per order type and plant.

* third important table is the network profile, containing default values for the network and

its activities.

%he costing variants for plan and actual costs are determined at network header level.

%he costing sheet and overhead key are determined at activity level. %hey control processcost accounting or application of overhead. epending on the creation process, these

keys are inherited from the network header or the assigned "& element.

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%he costing variant contains the basic control information needed to carry out

costing. %he valuation variant contains all the information which controls the

valuation of#

@aterial components

$nternal activities

E-ternal activities

%his information also

controls how

overheads areapplied.

Haluation can be

determined plant by plant.

%he I"y periodI indicator enables you to calculate costs for internally6processed

activities period by period.

%he costing type contains further detailed information for controlling costing.

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?ou can classify the resources in broadly 2 categories from the networks point of

view# $nternal and e-ternal activities.

$nternally processed activities# %hese activities 5 work are carried out by

machines and 5 or persons of own company. ?ou can schedule the activities as

per reuirement, distribute the work among persons.

E-ternally processed activities# these activities are e-ecuted 5 processed by other

companies. %hese are carried out by purchasing department. %he service

activities are also procured e-ternally however different from e-ternally

processed activity that you need to define service specification and the limit for

the unplanned activities which is provided by the service provider.

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/usiness scenario

%o e-ecute a pro7ect, materials are reuired

which can be procured e-ternally 'purchasing( or

manufactured in own company 'roduction(. %hese

materials are managed in pro7ect6specific stock.

*s the pro7ect controller, you are interested in#

%he values in the pro7ect, at the different stages of purchasing or production

'pro7ect controlling(

&tocks of raw materials, semi6finished and finished products used for your pro7ect

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'stock controlling(

@aterials provide linkage between many other &* functional modules like

@aterials @anagement 'urchasing and $nventory @anagement(, &ales and

istribution, plant maintenance and roduction lanning and Aontrol.

%he materials are assigned to activities which helps in material reuirement and

planning in a pro7ect.

The product which is manufactured in your project is in turn made up ofa variety of material components.

The first step is to plan the procurement and consumption of the requiredcomponents in your project.

Projects are linked to Materials management, Sales and istri!ution and

Production Planning via materials.


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$n order to plan the material reuirements of a pro7ect, materials can be assigned to

activities. +n the basis of stock, the materials are classified as stock or non6stock items.

%he item category stock items '9( are for such materials which are stored in stock e.g. pro7ect

stock, sales order stock or warehouse stock and reservations can be created for such

materials. "ased on the uantity reuired in the pro7ect, the reuirement planning can be

initiated. %he procurement element for e-ternal procurement is a purchase reuisition and for

reuirement planning is planned order.

!or productions of assembled material, material "+@ is e-ploded and the

reuirement planning is e-ecuted for all the materials mentioned in "+@.

on6stock items '( are for materials which are to be procured directly for the network which

is not using @) 'i.e. not procured via pro7ect stock, sales order stock or warehouse stock(.

!or non6stock items, urchase reuisitions are created which are passed on directly to

urchasing.

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%he item category Istock itemI '9( is used for materials kept in stock. hen you save

your data, the system creates a reservation for the reuired material. * purchase

reuisition 6 which is passed on to urchasing 6 can also be created for components

procured e-ternally.

%he main function of material reuirements planning is to ensure material availability

'in other words, to procure the reuired uantities in time 6 both in6house and for sales

and distribution(. %his includes monitoring stocks and, above all, creating procurement

proposals for purchasing and production.

$ndependent reuirements 6 that is, reuirements for finished products, assemblies or raw

materials 6 trigger reuirements planning. $n order to cover the reuirements, orderuantities and dates have to be determined, and the corresponding procurement elements

scheduled. %he procurement element for reuirements planning is a planned order and,

for e-ternal procurement, a purchase reuisition. !urthermore, the dependent

reuirements for materials produced in6house 'in other words, the uantity of components

reuired to manufacture a finished product or assembly( are determined by e-ploding the

bill of material. lanned orders are created at each "+@ level to cover reuirements

when a material shortage occurs.

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+nce uantities and dates have been planned in reuirements planning, these

planned procurement elements are converted to Ie-actI procurement elements# for

production, this is the production order and, for e-ternal procurement, the purchase

order. hen the order or purchase order is being processed, the production order

is delivered or a goods receipt is posted to stock 'plant stock or pro7ect5sales order

stock(.

%he goods issue that takes place as a result of this activity reduces the stock

and posts actual costs to the IconsumingI network activity.

$tem Aategory 9 'stock item( is used for components kept in stock .

Ensuring material availability is the main function of @) which includes monitoring

stocks and creating procurement proposals for purchasing and production .

)euirement for finished products, saleable assemblies and spare parts

trigger reuirement planning.

+rder uantities and dates have to be determined in order to cover the

reuirements .

!or reuirement planning the procurement element is the planned order and

for e-ternal procurement it is purchase reuisition .

lanned procurement elements are converted into e-act procurement elements

once the uantities and dates are planned.

$t is roduction order for production and purchase order for e-ternal procurement.


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%he item category Inon6stock itemI '( is used for components that are not procured

by way of warehouse stock or pro7ect5sales order stock, but are procured directly by a

network activity instead.

urchase reuisitions are created for these components. %hese reuisitions are passed

on directly to urchasing. hen the goods are received, they are not placed into stock,

but posted to the activity.

on6stock items cannot be managed as pro7ect stock or sales order stock.

on &tock $tem '( #%hese are the items which are procured directly by network activity and not through

warehouse stock, pro7ect stock or sale order stock .

urchase reuisitions are created first and then passed directly to purchasing.

hen the goods are received they are directly posted to activity .

on stock items cannot be managed as pro7ect stock or sale order stock .

%here are two procurement types for direct procurement with item category #

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urchase )euisition for the network

%hird party reuisition for the

network


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Ahanges in network dates5uantity will trigger workflow for a + change#

$f changes are made in the network to dates or uantities for material

components or e-ternal activities for which + has already been created .system

triggers a workflow automatically. %he only prereuisite is that this workflow has

been activated in the parameters for the network type table

%he person responsible in purchasing will receive an information on the reuired

changes.

$f only ) is created, changes in the network to dates5uantities will update the

change in ) automatically

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"or instance # $n this case the way in which the material can !e procureddepends on !oth item category and material attri!utes.

The material master stores the information of

the material attri!utes.-$t contains information like %

-&hether the material is purchased orinternally manufactured.

-&hether the requirements are individualor collective or !oth

-

&hether the material can !e procured inadvance.

The control data of the project definitiondetermines whether stocks can !e !uilt or not

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The account assignment category of the salesorder determines whether sales order can !e!uilt up

' setting within the ()M can !e specified todetermine whether the components can !eprocured independently of the material mastersettings.


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The components can !e assigned to theactivity with the help of the procurementindicator.

The Procurement indicator contains thedefault values for determining the stock andthe procurement type.

' procurement indicator can !e specified inthe network profile. This gets defaulted in thecomponent assignment.

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%he "+@ transfer functionality in &* & helps you to assign the material from "+@ to

the network activities based on the reference point field which is assigned to the material

and network activities.

"& "+@s can be assigned to ro7ect "+@s using the "+@ %ransfer transaction .

%he corresponding selection parameters must be chosen to perform the same.

*dvantage of "+@ transfer functionality is that the changes in the "+@ during the course

of the pro7ect will change in the activities 'you need to run "+@6transfer again every time

you make changes in "+@(.

?ou can also manually assign materials to network activities without reference point fields.

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*eference point % This is the logical link !etween a ()M component and anetwork activity. $t ensures that the automatic assignment of the materialcomponent happens correctly.

&hile the assignments !y themselves are project specific, they can !e madesimultaneously for a large num!er of networks in the project.

$ndividual components, individual ()M assem!lies or a multi level ()M can!e assigned.

These assignments can happen manually without reference points as well.

rocedure !or "+@ %ransfer#

"ield in the ()M and the network activity which needs to !e used asthe reference point needs to !e specified.

These fields must have the same structure in !oth the o!jects. "orinstance % +'*, eight digits .

Possi!le entries for the reference point can !e defined incustomi-ing.

*eference points in the ()M +omponents and the network activitiesmust !e defined.

The ()M PS $nterface must !e started after changing the ()M/

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()M +omponents are assigned to activities in this process.

Purchase requisitions and reservations are created for the assignedcomponents if *eservation0Purchase *eq. indicator is activated.


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* material that you allocate to activities in a network can be kept in various stocks.epending on your pro7ect, you can access different types of stock for materials

planning#

&ales order stock and pro7ect stock are important for controlling purposes 'for monitoring

the stock value in a sales order or pro7ect( and from an @) point of view 'the stocks

are reserved for the sales order item or "& element; other stock elements cannot

access them(.

%he various stock types are managed for each material component using the account

assignment category. ?ou define the account assignment category when you assign the

material to the network activity 'popup in manual assignment, strategies in "+@6&

interface and standard network(.

%he possible account assignment categories depend on the assignment of the network

activity to a stock ob7ect '"& element or sales order item(, on the item category for

the assignment 'direct procurement for non6stock items( on the material master, which

can e-clude collective or specialist stock management.

*s of )elease 4.*, you can use @) elements 'grouping( to manage a 7oint pro7ect

stock for an entire pro7ect or for several pro7ects 'this is a rougher method than managing

stock per individual "& element(.

?ou maintain the account assignment categories possible for network purchase

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reuisitions in customiing.


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$nstead of managing the material either in a plant stock or for each individual "&

element and having no control at all over procurement or being fully responsible we

can go for reuirement grouping. %hrough reuirement grouping we can determine

the degree of control ourselves.

rereuisites for using reuirement grouping #

Haluated group stock

/rouping "& elements

@) /roups that allow reuirement grouping

*ssigned components should have periodic lot sies.

%he most basic scenario involves grouping the reuirement of all the "&

elements in the pro7ect into one "& element.

+r we can create pro7ects which are only meant for grouping reuirement of otherpro7ects.

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Haluated pro7ect stock must be allowed in the pro7ect definition control data.

ith the e-ception of automatic reuirement grouping @) element indicator

must be set for "& elements.

@) groups involved in reuirement grouping must be determined in customiing

for the "&.


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$t is common in engineering pro7ects for critical components with long and unreliable

delivery times to be purchased at an early stage in the pro7ect much before the

pro7ect activities in which the components will be used are specified. *dvance

procurement process is used in such situations.

*dvance procurement can only be used when you are using sales order or pro7ect

stock .


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Order 'ategories and order types

ocuments are used to enter business transactions in the )53 &ystem. +rders are

one type of business transaction. +rders are determined by their order category.

%he network is an order category. +rder types are prescribed by the system for the

relevant applications.

?ou can define your own order types within an order category. %he order type

describes how the order is controlled.

Austomiing includes two tables, one for the order type and another for the

order type5plant combination.

%he order category is used to control#

1. umber assignment

2. efault value settings

3. >ser6specific status management

4. >ser6specific field control$n the case of networks, order types5plants can be header6assigned or activity6

assigned. ormally, activity6assigned networks are used, where costs are gathered

in each activity. Deader6assigned networks are only significant for the assignment of

networks to sales orders 'without "&(.

.ro0ect 1 Assignment o orders


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?ou can assign various &* orders to a pro7ect; e-amples include internal orders,

production orders, and plant maintenance orders. ?ou can then use the pro7ect

hierarchy reports to evaluate these assigned orders with the "& element.

Each order is a cost ob7ect with its own costing parameters such as planned costingvariant, actual costing variant, and overhead sheet. %he planned costs of assigned

orders are used to determine the planned costs of the pro7ect.

?ou assign orders to the pro7ect either by assigning a "& element to the order

header or by assigning the order to a network and activity as a subnetwork. $f the

assignment is reuired only for cost control and analysis, you need to assign order to

the relevant "& element. $f the assignment is reuired both for scheduling and

cost control, you need to assign the order as a subnetwork. %he "& element is

derived from the network activity. ote that production orders cannot be assigned as

subnetworks.

ocuments are used to enter business transactions in the )53

&ystem. +rders are one type of business transaction.

+rders are determined by their order category.

%he network is an order category. +rder types are prescribed by the system for the

relevant applications.

?ou can define your own order types within an order category. %he order type

describes how the order is controlled.

Austomiing includes two tables, one for the order type and another for the

order type5plant combination.

%he order type is used to control#

umber assignment

efault value settings

>ser6specific status management >ser6

specific field control

lant and order type parameters are used to control#

$f the network is activity6 or header6assigned

lanned and actual costing variants

%he settlement rule strategy


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?ou can use the IappendedI indicator to specify, per order category, whether an

order is appended 6 that is, whether the planned values for the order are included

in the planned value of the corresponding "& element#

1. $f the IappendedI indicator is set, the order planned value increases the

"& element planned value. %he information system shows the total

as the pro7ect plan. hen cost planning is taken over as the budget,

the values from appended orders also contribute to the budget.

2. $f the IappendedI indicator is not set, the order planned value is not

added to the "& planned value. $n budgeting, the plan total for such

orders must be added manually so that these orders can use funds

later.


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?ou can use the IappendedI indicator to specify, per order category, whether an

order is appended 6 that is, whether the planned values for the order are included

in the planned value of the corresponding "& element#

+nce released, all orders are apportioned 6 this means that their plan, commitment,

and actual values are funds assignments against the funds in the pro7ect. %he

order value table contains an indicator which you can use to make orders

IapportionedI earlier, at the IcreatedI stage.

?ou can set appended and apportioned indicator based on the order category,order

type, and controlling area

*n e-ception to apportionment at release is in the case of networks for preliminary

planning.$n ro7ect &ystem customiing,you can specify network types to be used

for preliminary planning.reliminary planning networks are never apportioned.%heir

related plan values do no increase the assigned value for the relevant "&element

$n the case of networks 'order category 2(, you can use the network type

parameters to determine whether the network is#

Deader6assigned or activity6assigned 6 that is, whether costs are managed in

the network activities or collected in the header


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* preliminary planning network whose plan, commitment, and actual values

are not apportioned 6 meaning that they do not appear as assigned values

in the pro7ect.


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2eader-Assigned Networks

$n a Deader6assigned networks all the costs 'activity and material( are assigned at

network header level

*fter assignment of network header to a "& element, *ll costs are transferred to

"& element. *ssignment of activities to "& elements is only to summarie thedates

e you have to use header6assigned networks to assign networks to sales order in

case sales order are not assigned to pro7ects as no assignments can be made to a

sales order item in the network activity.

Activity-Assigned Networks

Aosts are collected on activities in case activites are used as account assigned

ob7ects.lant5network type parameters deines the condition if the network header

or network activities are to be used as cost ob7ects.

*ctivity6 assigned networks are usually used when activities are assigned to various

"& elements.Dere every activity in the network is an account assignment ob7ect.

hich implies we can analye planned costs, commitments and actual costs

for each activity.

%he costs are aggregated and displayed for the "& elements to which

the activities are assigned.


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*ctivity account assignment is a special feature of networks. *ll other order types are

header6assigned. *ctivity account assignment is controlled via the appropriate

indicator in the table Iarameters for network typeI.

Deader assigned networks should be used when networks are assigned to salesorders without "&.Deader assigned networks can also be used when the

enitre network is assigned to a single "& element


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& document item assignment is controlled via the account assignment category.

%he account assignment category is controlled via & reuirements type

determination.

$mportant factors that affect account assignment are the strategy group, the @)

type and item category group from the material master of the product as well as

the document type of the & document.

%he system defaults the item category when you create an order. ?ou can accept

the default or overwrite it. ermitted item categories are defined in Austomiing.

%he permitted planning strategies are assigned to the material using the planning

strategy group. %his is necessary so that you can find the correct reuirements type

in independent reuirements management and sales order management.

%he default reuirements type is the main strategy in the planning strategy group.

$f no planning strategy group is defined in the material master, the system uses the

item category group 'sales and distribution screen in the material master( and, if

necessary, the @) characteristic to search for the reuirements type for the salesorder.


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%he account assignment category determines the A+ ob7ect to which document

uantities and values are assigned. ?ou use it to determine the following#

>sing the special stock indicator '&&$ above(, that goods movements in 9ogistics use

plant stock, sales order stock or pro7ect stock.

>sing the consumption posting indicator 'Aons. above(, the A+ ob7ect to which the

values of a material document are assigned.

&ettings#

! : Aollective stock, consumption posting to the consumer 'order, activity(

%he account assignment category is important for procuring components directly.

E : Juantities and values managed in the sales order item

%his account assignment category is important for make6to6order production without

"&.

: Juantities managed using sales order item, values managed in pro7ects

%his account assignment category is important for non6valuated pro7ect

stock, with "& and sales order item

J : Juantities and values managed in pro7ects

%his account assignment category is important for pro7ect stock


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/ : lant stock, values managed using pro7ect

%his account assignment category is important for sales order items sold

from plant stock, with

value posting to the pro7ect. $t differs from account assignment category I!I in

the field control

of the account assignment block.


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*ctivity6"ased Aosting offers a facility for allocating and distributing the overhead to its cause.

*ctivity6"ased Aosting provides useful information on#

+verheads reduction by process improvement

rofitability increase by highlighting unprofitable products or customers

*ctivity6"ased Aosting is advantageous for having#

K %ransparent overheadsK arallel uantity and value flows

K recise assignment of internal activities to consumer

Leanut butter effectI can be avoided through even distribution of overheads among all

the cost drivers.

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$n *ctivity6"ased Aosting, processes are the controlling ob7ects. rices can be either

maintained manually or using activity and cost input planning in the case of cost

centers and activity types. %hrough activity based costing, processes are debited to

cost ob7ects or profitability segments.


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%emplates are created in MAustomiingN and determined by controlling area, costing sheet,overhead key and template environment 'for networks 4; for "& ( for the

function. $n the ro7ect &ystem, templates can be assigned to "& elements, networks

'header assigned(, or network activities. rocess costs are allocated to cost ob7ects or

profitability segments by assigning a process template. rocess costs are calculated based

on the templates selected for the pro7ect.

*fter template selection, the calculation program

determines the following

rocesses in the template relevant for the

pro7ect

K Juantity of each process consumed by

the8


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pro7ect

Aalculated value to be added to the

pro7ect at the start, end or continuously

%he price for the process and the allocation cost element are determined by

entering one process per line in the process template. @ulti6level processes can be

mapped by referencing another process template in the working template.

%he uantity used by the cost ob7ect is determined using the cost driver. %his enables

the allocation of the relevant values to all the levels in the process hierarchy as far

as cost ob7ects or profitability segments.

Aost drivers can originate from many different sources in the )53 &ystem or e-ternal

systems. E-amples # weight 'material master(, number of components, activities of a

particular category, work center 'network(, number of sales orders for market

segment '9$&( etc. %he uantities determined by the cost driver are multiplied by the

price of the process. %he resulting value is charged to the cost ob7ect 'in the

e-ample, the "& or network5activity(, and the process is credited.


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*ctual prices for activity types and business processes are calculated in +verhead

cost controlling at the end of the period.

*ctual prices : *ctual costs 5 Juantities consumed

%he possibility of revaluation at actual prices and its specification for each

activity type are controlled in Austomiing in the parameters for the actual

version depending on the fiscal year.

%he difference between the actual price and the originally allocated price is

charged to the cost ob7ects.

)evaluation at actual prices for activities and business processes can be done

in the ro7ect &ystem and in the Aost +b7ect Aontrolling.

)evaluation at actual prices using an activity type is illustrated in the e-ample given

in the slide

8


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+verheads calculation is used to allocate overhead costs to cost ob7ects such as activities

and "& elements. Aalculations are done based on the Aosting sheet entered in

the cost ob7ect and the overhead key entered on the "& element,network header or network activity. +verheads can be calculated for

planned, commitment and actual values. +verhead calculations are

done using the uantity based or percentage allocation rates.

%he following postings get generated through overheads allocation#

ebits to cost ob7ect '"& element, etwork header oretwork activity (

Aredits to cost center ' overhead order or process (

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+verhead costs are updated using the secondary cost elements

in the costing sheet credit rows and these can be simulated also.


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Aosting sheet is derived by means of the costing variant from the Iarameters for

etwork %ypeI table, in the case of networks. %he costing sheet and the overhead key

can be changed in the network header.

%he costing sheets to be used in the activities are made a default through this.

!or "& elements, the costing sheet is derived directly from the pro7ect profile. $n

the case of Easy Aost lanning and the unit costing for "& elements, the cost

planning draws on a costing sheet for a costing variant which is assigned to the

pro7ect profile through the planning profile.

+verhead keys for activities are inherited from their respective "& elements.

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+verheads are calculated using a costing sheet.

%he overhead surcharge can either be a percentage if it is value driven or an absolute value

of measure if it is uantity driven. %he overhead is calculated against a base which is defined

by the cost elements. Aost elements or cost element areas are collected in base lines.

!actors such as Aontrolling area, company code, plant, overhead group, network type, time

period and plan versus actual determine the overhead rate applied. +verhead key assigned

to the cost ob7ect decides the determination of overhead group in customiing. %hus a single

costing sheet with fle-ible rates can be made use of different organiational units or

individual activities.

8


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*s of )elease 4.8A, the &* &ystem offers an easy6to6use tool for planning costs in

"& elements. %he tool is called IEasy Aost lanningI.

Easy Aost lanning for pro7ects can be accessed from the ro7ect "uilder. ?ou can choose

a "& element from the structure tree and then you create costing items for the selected

"& element.

$n Easy Aost lanning, cost planning is cost element based.

?ou can use planning templates to enter costing items in which characteristics are valued.

%he e-ample above shows work in hours being valued at 1.

%he characteristic values which are linked from the planning template are uantities,

values, or actions from the costing items. $n the e-ample above, the link is to theuantity for an internal activity.

hen you accept them, the costing items appear in the structure tree beneath the

relevant "& element.

*s an easy way to create a pro7ect preliminary costing, Easy Aost lanning can be very

useful.

%he costs so planned are then broken down 6 for e-ample, using a uantity structure of

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networks5activities.

Easy Aost lanning can also be used to enter plan data for later pro7ect e-ecution.

Daving done this, you can later use E-ecution &ervices to enter commitment and

actual data relating to the planned costs. >se customiing to stipulate in which

plan version values planned in Easy Aost lanning are stored.

*s part of the network costing, the system automatically determines planned

costs when you plan dates and resources for the following ob7ects#

a. !or internally processed activities# activity inputs

b. !or e-ternally processed activities B service activities# rimary costs

c. !or genreal costs activities# primary costs

d. @aterial componenets# primeary costs.

?ou can use planning templates to create uantity structures for Easy Aost

lanning.?ou can enter uantities and prices in the template, or regulate activation using

formulas or conditions.

?ou can use characteristics assigned to the planning template as variables for the

formulas5conditions. %he characteristics are valued by the user when the

planning templates are copied into Easy Aost lanning.


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>nit costing is done to calculate cost plan per "& element. Dere we use

planned uantities instead of cost.

$t is not period dependent

*t cost element level, plan values are displayed

$nput information related to sources of supply, uantities and prices mark the useof unit costing to generate cost plan per "& element

8


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Structure Oriented .lanning:

&implest type of planning is structure based planning. lan values are displayed

in hierarchy

%he total cost planned is aggregate

$t is neither by cost element nor is period specific

Harious views are used to display the different values in structure6oriented

planning

lanned total Hiew6this shows total aggregate at superior "& element '9evel

1 "& element(

%he distributable or distributed view6%his view is used to check distribution of

budget among child "& element

Aumulative or remainder view6%his view is used to check distribution of budget

across years

+rder5network view6%his displays the planned cost od appended orders5networksassigned to "& element

Cost Element Planning/Activity Input Planning:

hen more detailed information is reuired, cost element planning is done. $t

is independent of pro7ect scheduling

@anual reschedule of cost planning becomes mandatory if a pro7ect or

individual

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package schedule is changed

%his planning is adopted if precise information is available as it becomes sure not

to reschedule5postpone the pro7ect


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%he plan profile is used to control overall cost5revenue planning. $t contains costing variants

for the unit costing or Easy Aost lanning.

$t also contains indicators for updating revenue plan values via customer uotations or sales

orders.

?ou assign the plan profile to the pro7ect by way of the pro7ect profile. ?ou can change it in the

pro7ect definition.

Aosts and revenues can be planned in different A+ plan versions.

?ou either specify the plan version during planning or, if you are using Easy Aost lanning,

you assign it to the controlling area.

lanning layouts are used to plan costs, revenues, payments, and statistical key figures.

?ou can use the )eport ainter to create the layouts and can assign them to planner profiles.

>sers can choose planner profiles and assign them to the user master record.

lanning profile# >se transaction +&"

%he lanning profile contains the settings related to planning. $t control overall

cost5revenue planning. lanning profile is assigned to pro7ect using pro7ect profile. Aosting

variant are

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relevant if we are using unit costing and easy cost planning

A+ plan version is reuired to be specified if we are using easy cost planning.

lanner profile and planning layouts are specific to use of detailing planning

using Lcost element5activity inputO


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lanning profile is contains the settings for overall planning, detailed planning

and unit costing

etails for each field can be checked using

!1 $mportant field details are as#

%otal Halue# efines overall planning without any reference to fiscal year

*nnual lanning# efines overall planning with reference to fiscal year

"ottom up lanning# +verall planning values are e-trapolated after saving

E-change rate type# etermines which e-change rate is to be used for currency

conversion of overall values

=


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%ransaction +PP% to edit costing and valuation variant

Aosting variant is mostly used for unit costing ,easy cost planning and also used for

costing networks. %he field costing type determines for which "& element

'costing ob7ect( costing is done

Haluation variant determines the prices and rates. $n the above mentioned slide,system will first check for Llanned price 1O if it fails, system will check for Lstandard

priceO and again if it fails it will check for Lmoving average priceO from material

master. $f system now fails, it will trigger an error message during cost determination

=


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&nternally-processed activities:

$f no distribution key or work center is maintained in the activity, the costs are distributed

evenly over the earliest dates in the activity. Haluation is at the rate in the valuation variant.

epending on the strategy being used, the system can determine the most current date.

valuation is determined by the rate maintained in the valuation variant. "ased on the

strategy adopted, system determines the latest date. $f no work center5distribution key is

maintained, the system distributes the cost evenly over the earliest dates.

'osts activity:

Aase 1#$nvoice plan maintained#the values in periods are as per the values mentioned

in invoicing plan

Aase 2#$nvoicing plan not maintained and distribution key maintained#%he activity value

is

=


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distributed to the periods based on the distribution key maintained in the activity

Aase 3#$nvoicing plan not maintained and distribution key not maintained#%he

costs are distributed evenly over the earliest dates in the activity

$f an invoicing plan has been maintained, the values in the periods are set

as specified in the invoicing plan.

+therwise, the activity value is distributed to the periods using the distribution key in

the activity. $f no distribution key is maintained in the activity, the costs are distributed

evenly over the earliest dates in the activity.

Service activities or externally-processed activities:

Aase 1#$nvoice plan maintained#the values in periods are as per the

values mentioned in invoicing plan

Aase 2#$nvoicing plan not maintained#%he activity value is set in the period of the

latest activity start date.*lso the system determines the price from the purchasing info

record or the activity value.

$nvoicing plan has priority for the values

$f an invoicing plan has been maintained, the values in the periods are set

as specified in the invoicing plan.

+therwise, the activity value is set in the period of the latest activity start

date.

%he invoicing plan has priority for the values. $f no invoicing plan has been

maintained, the system determines the price from the purchasing info record or

the activity value.

(aterial components:

Aase 1#$nvoice plan maintained#the periods and ,in some cases,values are

taken from invoicing plan

Aase 2#$nvoicing plan not maintained#%he system determines the price from the

purchasing info record or the price is taken from material master as per

valuation variant.Dere material reuirement date determines the period

$f an invoicing plan has been maintained, the periods and, in some cases, the

values are taken from the invoicing plan. $f no invoicing plan has been maintained,

the values are taken from the purchasing info record or the price is taken from the


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material master per the valuation variant. $n this case, the period is that from

the material reuirements date.


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%he customer accepts the uotation. * sales order is created in the system, where

appropriate using the uotation as a template. %he activities listed in the uotation

are entered in the sales order as sales order items.

%he items are assigned to the pro7ect. %hey are used for revenue planning and for

posting revenues to the pro7ect by means of milestone billing.

%wo companies are responsible for e-ecuting the pro7ect 6 $E& */ and $E& >P.

$E& >P creates a sales order for $E& */ and assigns the document item to the

billing element %61QQ.1.2.

9ater on, $E& >P bills its services to $E& */ on a resource6related basis.

* billing reuest is created in the system via resource6related billing. %his is billed and

results in revenues for $E& >P.

=


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$n &* where pro7ect is a controlling ob7ect#

&ales order created and after structuring of pro7ect sales order will account assigned to"&. %hen revenue planned in sales order.

+nce ork completed in pro7ect, actual cost captured in "& and !inal product will

be delivered to Alient.

"illing will be completed and actual revenue generated. *ctual )evenue will

be transferred to "&.

hile )esult analysis performed for pro7ect the *ctual )evenue and Aost will settled

to the profitability segment.

Sale document structureK &ales ocument type represents the type of business transaction and functions and

the flow of document with in sale order. rocessing.

K $tem Aategories are assigned to sales document category. hile creation of &ales order

it will default the item category but user can change it as per reuirement.

K &chedule line category is assigned to $tem Aategory. hile creation of document

system will default the scheduled line category but it can changed according to

reuirement.

=


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&tem 'ategory

K Item Category is determine by Sales Document type and thematerials Items category group in a sales order.

K Item Category controls function for Sales Order like Item Type,Pricing, illing Plan, resource related or deli!ery related.

K It controls if pricing is rele!ance for billing, rele!ance for Deli!erySchedule "ine Item, and contains Incompletion "og and Partner te#t.


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'1()epresents a process of make6to6order production without a work breakdown structure.

$n this case, the sales order item is the contolling instrument. *ccount assignment category

E specifies that the sales order item forms a separate A+ ob7ect.

Aosts and revenues of the sales order item are usually settled to the profitability segment.

'2(>sing assembly processing, you can generate a network when you create the sales order.

hen you save your data, the system creates a "& and assigns the sales order item to a

"& element in this "&. $n this case, the sales order depicts the sales view, the pro7ect is

the controlling instrument, and logistical processing is represented by the network.

*ccount assignment categories or J 'Aons. : in each case( specify that revenues

are assigned to the billing "& element of the pro7ect.'3(*s an alternative to assembly processing, you can assign a sales order item to a "&

element in a pro7ect. Aontrolling takes place in the pro7ect. ?ou can assign orders or

documents to the pro7ect. Halue assignment to the pro7ect is controlled via account

assignment categories /, and J. %hese differ from each other in the way that they

manage uantities.

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@ethods for plan revenue in a pro7ect are#

a. @anual revenue planning# this can be based on structure or revenue element

where the later is a cost element and period based.

b. & billing plan# this is cost element and period based planning.

c. & document# this is part of integration with & module where sales order itemor uotation items are used as revenue planning. %his kind of planning is cost

element and period based.

=


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)evenues can be planned in pro7ects using the following methods#

@anual planning in billing elements in the pro7ect structure.

%his type of planning can follow the same procedure as cost planning, or can be by

revenue element.

&ales orders 'all & documents assigned(.

&ales order items are assigned to "& elements. $n Austomiing, you can stipulate, for a

combination of sales document category 'uotation, order, and so on(, sales

document type, controlling area, and system status, whether the billing data 'for

e-ample, in a billing plan( from a sales order should update the revenue plan for an

assigned "& element. %he dates and planned revenues concerned originate eitherfrom the billing plan for the sales order items or 'if there is no billing plan( from the

net value and apportionment data for the item. %he revenue element originates from

/59 account determination in &.

"illing plan in pro7ect billing elements.

%he revenue element is defined in Austomiing.

=


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%here are different ways of creating billing plans#

@anually

"y copying a reference billing plan

$n & and &, reference billing plans can be

called upon automatically

"y copying billing milestones from work

breakdown structures or networks

"y copying billing milestones automatically from

the network in assembly processing

=


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$n the & document, you can define a detailed billing plan with a number of billing dates

instead of 7ust a single billing date. * billing plan is a schedule containing individual billing

data for a particular sales document.

@ilestone billing is widely used in pro7ects 'for e-ample, construction pro7ects(.

$f you use milestone billing, the total value to be billed is apportioned to the individual dates

in the billing plan per defined rules.

"illing plan dates can be blocked for billing

?ou can set billing blocks manually or remove them by activating billing milestones.

*s of )elease 4., billing plans can also be entered for billing elements in pro7ects. &uch

billing plans can, if reuired, be copied to the sales order later 'make sure you delete

any e-isting billing plan in the billing element; if you do not, the planned revenues will be

determined via the & billing plan and not the & billing plan(.

* billing plan can contain down payment dates. %hese dates affect payment, but not

revenue.

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%he term IVersion" is used in the pro7ect system in different conte-ts. ifferent

types of versions include simulation versions, pro7ect versions and A+ planning

versions are available in &* ro7ect &ystem which are discussed below.

ro7ect versions, are snapshots of a pro7ect at a specific point in time, and are

used for documenting the progress of a pro7ect over time. "oth uantities and

values are stored in versions and it can be created either manually, or

automatically when a status changes. $n the case of status change, the pro7ect

profile contains a reference to a version profile which specifies the name of

the pro7ect version to be created when a particular user or system status is

set.

&imulation versions# $n the ro7ect &ystem, these are versions that you can

change. ?ou might, for e-ample, create simulation versions in the following

situations#

$n the uotation phase# generally speaking, at this stage there is not yet

an operative pro7ect.

%o draw up alternative planning scenarios for e-isting operative pro7ects

or parts of these.

A+ plan versions are used to plan revenues and costs. ?ou can copy values

from one version to another. ?ou can change planned values manually in every

version and cost values are retained.

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&imulation versions are used to draw up alternative Iwhat ifRI planning

scenarios. %hey are created manually, can be changed, and, if necessary,

deleted again which is unlike released operative "&s with activities.

&imulation versions are useful during the uotation phase of a pro7ect

and possible to plan several simulation versions.

?ou can create simulation versions even at the time of e-ecution of pro7ect,

where you can copy from operative to simulation versions, compare, analye

and work with other versions and transfer them back to the operative

pro7ect.

hen an operative pro7ect is copied to a simulation version or vice versa, a

log file is created which contains the ob7ects that were transferred and any

error messages that were issued in the process.

&imulation versions can be created either for an entire "&, or for

sub6 hierarchies of a "&.

&imulation versions are edited in the pro7ect planning board or in pro7ectplanning board from &* )53 4.8A release.

%he system performs the test run while transfer to check if the operative

or simulation version can be transferred.

@ultiple &imulation version can be created, compared and evaluated.

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&imulation customiation consists of two steps#

1. Hersion keys# one should work with permissible version keys since these cannot

be deleted once simulations has been created.

2. &imulation profile# %his determines which all ob7ects will be copied while creating

simulations 'in addition to the structure information( from simulation tooperative 'and vice versa(. $f there are no simulation profile, all the te-ts will be

copied. %he simulation profile will be defaulted in the pro7ect due to assignment

in pro7ect profile.

Sust like pro7ect version, simulation versions can be compared with each other in

information system, whereas the cost element report does not support the

simulation versions. >nlike operative pro7ects, simulation versions cannot be

changed in structure info system.

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hen you transfer data from operative pro7ects to simulation versions 'or

vice versa(, the following ob7ects are copied#

ork breakdown structure

etwork with activities, activity elements, relationships, and

subnetworks @ilestones

@aterials for the activity

ocuments, & te-ts and long te-ts 'depending on the simulation profile

used(

Aapacity reuirements

$nvoicing plan for the network, and billing plan for the "& element

'as of )elease 4.*(

%he following ob7ects are not copied#

+ther orders 'e.g. no production orders(

roduction resources5tools

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ro7ect versions enable you to record a snapshot of a pro7ect at a specific

moment in time 6 this can be used for future comparison with the

operative pro7ect.

?ou can create a pro7ect version automatically 'i.e. triggered by a system or user

status(.

?ou can also create a pro7ect version manually#

hile changing the "&

hile changing the network

$n the &tructure5ates information system for one or more pro7ects

ata transfer when Hersion profile settings are used while using these transactions#

1. &tatus dependent pro7ect versions.

2. %A network maintenance A22 or "& element maintenance AS2

ata transfer which is $ndependent of version profile and dependent on

database profile#

3. %A A=1 and A=2

4. &tructure information system

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%he version profile is maintained in the & customiation and assigned to

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?ou use a version profile to define two different kinds of information. !irst, you

specify which version is created automatically when a specific system status or

user status is set. &econd, you specify which data is to be written to the

versions that are created automatically.

?ou need to define a version profile, if you wish to have versions created

automatically, or if you wish to generate versions directly when editing the "&

or networks.

?ou do not need to define a version profile, if you wish to generate versions

manually from the &tructure5ates information system.

%he version profile is entered in the pro7ect profile and network profile.

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ro7ect planning board is a tool in &* & which helps and enable you to

process 5 edit the entire pro7ect structure which are "& element, activities,

relationships, milestones, material components, & te-ts, documents and

assigned ob7ects to them.

$t is similar to /antt chart based on interactive &* environment.

%his comprises of hierarchy structure of your pro7ect and the corresponding

date situation.

?ou can custom made the display in pro7ect planning board to suite your

reuirement.

ro7ect planning board can also be useful for planning dates and resources

i.e. work, e-ternal processing, for planning costs using activities.

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ro7ect planning board profile contains default values for the appearance

of planning board.

%he settings in this pro7ect planning board profile is valid for both, simulation

versions and operative pro7ects.

%he graphical display can be changed and adapt as per user needs inthe planning board and customiation using pro7ect planning board

assistant.

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ro7ect planning board is a graphical interface based on /antt chart which can

be used for creating and maintaining data like pro7ect definition, "& element,

activities, relationships, milestones, documents and & te-ts.

>seful for &cheduling and monitoring.

?ou can view date view, and other overviews of pro7ect at the bottom of /anttchart like capacity overview.

?ou can view logs, hierarchal graphic of "& element and etworks and

network activities.

%his is the only transaction where we can change simulation versions for

releases earlier than &* )34.8A, i.e. create of change of "& elements

in simulation version based on the user specific options.

%he entire period in the pro7ect planning board screen is called as Evaluation

period which consists of re6evaluation period, lanning period and ost6

evaluation period. %hese are defined by time settings and determined by 3

profiles which are created in customiing and assigned to pro7ect planning boardprofile.

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*ssembly processing will be helpful while one is planning and producing or

servicing same product for several times with similar constellations. hich means

the basic structure will be same while data like duration, dates, uantities etc. will be

changing. $n assembling processing, a network and "& element B ro7ect 'if

reuired( is automatically created based on the customiation, while a sales

document is created and saved. %he pro7ect number is derived from &alesdocument and this process generates assignment between sales document B

pro7ect. %his incurs that the same information will be shared by sales and pro7ect

team. $f the data is changed in ro7ect will update &ales document 'and vice versa(

which helps in delays and disagreement between sales and pro7ect department.

rocess flow#

$f a sales order is created for a material which has strategy group for assembly

processing has been assigned, the assembly processing will start.

%he @) processing is omitted in the assembly processing and creates a operativeorder 'network in case of &( directly from sales order.

*ssembly processing is carried out statically in & which means only one network

for one sales document item.

"ased on the customer reuirements date, backward scheduling is carried out and

availability check is done for reuired material components. hich enables to

inform customer about feasibility of reuired date or else system will propose new

date.


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sap nwt, network

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