THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYFOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB EDITED BY

G. P. GOOLDPREVIOUS EDITORS T. E. PAGE W. H. D. ROUSE E. CAPPS L. A. POST

E. H. WARMINGTON

...

~

GREEK LYRIC

ILCL 142

GREEK LYRICISAPPHO AND ALCAEUSEDITED AND TRANSLATED BY

DAVID A. CAMPBELL

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESSCAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND

Copyright

1982

by the President and Fellows of Harvard CollegePREFACE INTRODUCTION

CONTENTSviiix

Reprinted with corrections 1990

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY SAPPHO: TESTIMONIATEXT

xviii2 52

ALCAEUS: TESTIMONIATEXT

206234438

SAPPHO OR ALCAEUS TABLES OF COMPARATIVE NUMERATION INDEX OF AUTHORS AND SOURCESISBN

457 473483

0-674-99157-5

GENERAL INDEX

Printed in Great Britain by St. Edmundsbury Press Ltd, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, on wood-free paper. Bound by Hunter & Foulis Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland.

To my mother

PREFACE

J. M. Edmonds' three volumes of Lyra Graeca havegiven useful service since their appearance some fifty years ago, but the time has come to replace them. Much new material has been unearthed; and Edmonds' version of the papyrus texts was spoiled by his excessive eagerness to fill the gaps. It will be obvious that the present volume makes a fresh beginning. In the first place, I have rearranged the contents of the volumes, so that solo song precedes choral lyric: accordingly, this, the first volume, is devoted toSappho and Alcaeus; and Anacreon (and the Anacreontea) will appear at the beginning of volume II. Secondly, I have renumbered the fragments, using as far as possible the marginal numbers of Lobel and Page for Sappho and Alcaeus. Papyrus scraps which yield nothing of interest are omitted. Thirdly, I-have numbered the testimonia to simplify reference'" and have grouped them under headings, although it will be obvious that some of the passages did not readily submit to being dragooned in this way. I acknowledge my gratitude for Research Grants awarded to me by the University of Victoria, the Canada Council and the American Philosophical Society, and for a Fellowship awarded by the American Council of Learned Societies, which envii

PREFACE abled me to take Study Leave in 1975-76. I wish to thank my Research Assistants Dr. David R. Marsh, Dr. Caroline A. Overman, Miss Vicki R. Cameron, Mr. J. Bruce McKinnon and Mr. John J. Koval for their help, the Librarian of the University of Victoria and his staff for their efficiency in obtaining rare books and periodicals, and Mrs. A. Nancy Nasser for typing the manuscript.UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA DAVID

INTRODUCTIONSolo song

A.

CAMPBELL

November 1977

The poetry of Sappho, Alcaeus and Anacreon was lyric in the strict sense: it was composed to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. The poets themselves do not tell us this explicitly: when their audience could see the lyre and hear the song with its accompaniment, there was no need for such explicit statement. They do however mention their music: Sappho in an isolated line, the text of which is uncertain, says, ' Come, divine lyre, speak to me and find yourself a voice' (llS): fro 160 has,' I shall now sing these songs beautifully to delight my companions '; and we know that her companions were themselves singers (21, 22, 96). Alcaeus says the lyre plays a merry part in the symposium (70. 3 f.), and the symposium must have provided the occasion for the performance of most of his poetry. The KiOapts, ' lyre', is mentioned in his fragments in the context of wine and love. Anacreon twice has the verb .pal.l.w, ' I pluck the lyre strings', each time in the context of revelry (373, 374). The evidence from the fragments of the poets can be supplemented. Vase-painters represented all three poets as lyre-players, and the earliest paintings viii ix

INTRODUCTION belong to the late 6th century, i.e. to the lifetime of Anacreon (G. M. A. Richter, The Portraits of the Greeks i 69-72, 75-78). Later writers called Sappho a ~ ,"'" ,,,, owaH' "" a, OE owpa /k7] OEI"~, A{jll.evos KPTr}UaoPT' ElK[ , ]VUTLP.' 7TE~, K.[ , 16 )pEOVTL 7TOA~~~[ J ]a'oK~[ , 20 ]~v Epya , ]XEpuw[21 P. Oxy. 1231 fro 10

. . . brightness . ... with the help of good fortune . . . to gain (the harbour?) . . . black (earth?) . . the sailors (are unwilling?) . . . great gusts . . and on dry land . . . sail . . . the cargo . . . since ... flowing(?) many ... (receive?) ... tasks .. dry land.21 Same papyrus

] . ma,BoAW[ ]avo' oAocf>VV [ .... ]~. f TPOP.potS 7T . [ .. ]t;tAAa5 ]

. . . (in possession of?) . . . pity . . . trembling .. old age now . . . (my) skin . . . covers . . . (Love?) flies pursuing (the young?) . . . glorious taking 1 (your lyre?) sing to us of the violetrobed one 2 especially .. wanders .1

Addressed to a girl or woman.

2

Aphrodite?

13 Tav LQKOI\7TOV.

\

,,

,

]p.wv p.aA~UTa las 7T[A]avaTa,cf. Ap. Dysc. Pran. 124b (i 97 Schneider)=

Alc. fro 361

15 supp\. Hunt

70

71

GREEK LYRIC22 P. Oxy. 1231 frr. 12, 15 22 Same papyrns

SAPPHO . . . task . . . lovely face... unpleasant . . . otherwise winter . . . pain(less?) . . . I 1 bid you, Abanthis, take (your lyre?) and sing of Gongyla, while desire once again flies around you, the lovely one 2-for her dress excited you when you saw it; and I rejoice: for the holy Cyprian 3 herself once blamed me for praying . . . this (word?) . . . I wish . . . 41 4

4

],BAa.[ ]EPYOV .. A' a . . [ ]v pEBo s SOKtl4 haBat al

8

]1' allaS7Jv X . [ Xdp.wv[ " ] . owavaAYEa . [ ]SE

W p.ry.

New poem? 2 Probably Gongyla. See M. L. West, Maia 22 (1970) 319.

3

Aphrodite.

6 suppl. Wilamo:vi~z . II Castlghom L .. P. 18 Edmonds 23 P. Oxy. 1231 fro 14 2

9 Hunt, West 13, 15 West

10 Wilamowitz, 16, 17, 19 Hunt 23 Same papyrus

] , ' ' ' ] ,,~ ws yap av nov EtatoW a [E ovS'] 'Epp.tova rEav[ra .l.alveral 'I' r 'B ~, 'E" (p.p.EVat,] gav at 0 f\EVat a,,, Eta [K]"Iv '!i:".\ " ] 6 OVo EV aEt KES11,'

. . . (hoped?) . . . of love . . . (for when) I look at you face to face, (not even) Hermione 1 (seems to be) like you, and to compare you to golden-haired Helen (is not unseemly) . . . mortal women; and

72

73

GREEK LYRICBva:rats, TOOE 0' ta[Bt] nIt aut 7rawav KE fLE Tav fLEptfLvav ]~ata' d.VTtO[ .. };tBots o~ ]] tSI I , I ]

SAPPHObe assured, by your . . . (you) would (free?) me from all my cares . . . (dewy) banks 2 to stay awake all night . . .1

n.

10

Helen's daughter: cf.

ad. 4.

14.

2

Cf. 95. 12 f.

opoaOEv]Tas 0XBots ]TatV 7rav]vvx 1a[0l7Jv3 suppl. Hunt 4s. Page 5 Hunt Hunt 11 Lobel 13 Hunt 6 Wilamowitz 7

24(a) P. Oxy. 1231 fro 13

+ 2166(a)7a (Ox. Pap. xxi p. 124)

24 Same papyrus

+

4

]avay