sara demofonti - linda laura sabbadini italian national...
TRANSCRIPT
The political participation in Italy from a
gender perspective
Sara Demofonti - Linda Laura Sabbadini
Italian National Institute of Statistics
6th Global Forum on Gender Statistics
Helsinki 24-26 October 2016
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Framework
Two dimension of the participation:
- political participation elections (administrative sources)
visible (indicators from surveys)
invisible (indicators from surveys)
- institutional participation representation in decision-making bodies
(administrative sources)
Both necessary to better investigate the phenomenon
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Framework
Indicators to measure visible and invisible political participation in the
larger context of the social participation
Visible participation:
- being enrolled in a political party
- participating to a demonstration
- attending to a political meeting
Invisible participation:
- listening to a political debate
- talking about politics at least once a week
- getting informed about politics at least once a week
Long time series 1993 2015: comparison over time
Relation between data and national political elections and EU
elections
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Visible participation
Political parties
Demonstrations
Political meeting
National political
elections and EU
elections
Long time
series
1993-2015
Invisible participation
Getting informed
Speaking
Listening
Survey: Multipurpose Survey on Living Conditions and Quality of
Life
Sample: 24.000 households
Technique: face to face interview and self-compiled questionnaire
The most important source to understand political participation,
involvement in the political life of the country and disaffection with
politics
Data useful to analyse political participation within the quality of
life
Data source
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
24.000 households
face to face interview
and self-compiled questionnaire
political participation,
involvement in the political
life of the country and
disaffection with politics
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Multipurpose Survey
on Living Conditions
and Quality of Life
Women’s political participation
P
EU
P EU P EU P P P EU EU
Attending to a political meeting (a)
Not talking about politics
26.7
33
48.6
38.1
3.7
4.2 3.4
27.7
16
45.8
55.4
33.2
27.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Not Getting informed about politics
Participating to a demonstration (a)
Getting informed about politics at least once a week
Talking about politics at least once a week
Listening to a political debate
3
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki 25th October 2016
Men’s political participation
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki 25th October 2016
48.3
57.8
50.1
24.0 19.8 22.6
10.5 9.5
6 7.9
5.1 5.1
42.3
31.7
23.5
64.8
71.2
69.4
16.9 15.9
16.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Talking about politics at least once a week
Listening to a political debate
Not Getting informed about politics
Getting informed about politics at least once a week
Participating to a demonstration (a)
P
EU
P EU P EU P P P EU EU
Attending to a political meeting (a)
Not talking about politics
The invisible participation: getting informed about
politics at least once a week
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
64.8 63.9 64.3
68.0 68.2 66.7
64.6 66.3
70.5 69.9 68.5 67.3
70.9 69.1
71.2 69.4 69.4
45.8 44.8 45.4
49.4 50.1 48.2 47.8
49.3
54.5 54.4 53.6 52.3
56.6 54.8
58.2 55.3 55.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Men Women
The invisible participation: getting informed about
politics at least once a week
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
The most common modality of political participation
The gender difference in this modality exists, but has a
decreasing trend over time thanks to the growth of the values of
women
Trends are very similar for women and men. The increasing for
women is a little bit higher
The invisible participation: getting informed about
politics at least once a week
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
The differences are very low in the youth age and increase with
age with a quite similar situation (from 11 to 12 percentage
points) between men and women aged 25-59 and gradually
increasing for the last three age classes
The most relevant contribution to the reduction of the gender
gap has been given by the increasing of the participation of
women aged 45-59 and also by the women 60 and more
The youngest women are more variable in their behaviours with
increasing and decreasing and with the same values at the
beginning and at the end of the period considered
The gender differences among people aged 14-17 have been
always very low, the trends is very similar for women and men
The invisible participation: talking about politics at
least once a week
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Men Women
48.3 50.5
47.1 48.2
44.4 44.6
40.5 42.0
44.2 45.7
43.7 42.1
46.5
51.3 52.5
48.1 46.4
51.6 49
57.8
52 50.1
26.7 28.3
24.8 26.8
23.7 24.4 21.3 22.2
24.2 24.8 24.4 24.2
28.1
32.0 33.8
31.3 29.9
34.4 31.9
40.9
34.5 33
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Less used than “getting informed”
The activity of talking about politics is influenced by the election
time
Trends are very similar for men and women
The gender difference, such as the previous modality exists, but
has a decreasing trend over time thanks to the growth of the
values of women
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
The invisible participation: talking about politics at
least once a week
The gender gap decreased and the reduction is due to the reduction
of values for men
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
42.3 40.6 39.4 38.5 39.2
30.7
23.2 26.2
28.3 25.3 26.1 27.5
29.2 29.7 28.5 28 27.4 26.1 23.4
31.7
26.1 23.5
27.7 26.7 25.2 25.2 25.0
19.0
12.9 16.2
18.2 15.8 16.4 17.4
19.3 19.9 20 19.5 18.8 18.2 15.9
22.7 17.6
16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
The invisible participation: listening to a political
debate
Men Women
The left out: not getting informed about politics
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
16.9 18.0 16.2 15.0
17.3 17.7 16.9 18 15.8 16 16.8 16.7 15.5 16.5 15.9 16.5 16.7
33.2 34.4 32.7
30.7 33.5 33.7
32.1 33.1 29.5 29.2 29.3 29.2
27.7 29.1 26.3
28.1 27.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Men Women
The left out: not getting informed about politics
The percentages referred to men do not change over time
The trend for women is more changeable. From 33% to 28%
Among men, young and 75 years old and more show the
greatest disinterest
Gender differences are more evident for people aged 65 and
more, but in the last age groups the gap between women and
men is decreasing
Among young there aren’t notable gender differences
Women and men show different intensity (once a week or less
frequently) in “getting informed” rather than in “not getting
informed”
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
The left out: not talking about politics
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Men Women
24.0 23.0 23.8 23.7 22.9 23.3 26.0
23.1 23.6 25.5 24.6 24.1 25
22 21.9 23.2 23.6
21.8 22.9 19.8
21.9 22.6
48.6 46.6
48.3 47.2 45.6 45.0
46.8 45.2 45.5
47.1 45.5
43.6 44.6
40.4 39.4 40.1 40.8 38.9 40.1
34.3
37.7 38.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
The left out: not talking about politics
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Small changes for men over time
Significative reduction for women from 48,6% to 38,1%
The gender gap decreased thanks to the reduction of values
for women
Modalities of political information - Women
EU P P P EU EU
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki 25th October 2016
P
29.2 27.9
93.9
91.1
44.3
34.1
14.4
10.3
4.2 3.3
19
24.6 20.1 26
7.2
11.7 10 11.4
0.9 0.8 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Television
Newspapers
Radio
Friends
Relatives
Work colleagues
Magazines
Acquaintances
Other reviews Political organisations Trade unions
Modalities of political information - Men
EU P P P EU EU
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki 25th October 2016
34 34.8
93.4
89.9
58.9
44.9
12.9
9.4
4 3.8
26 30.9
12.1
18.5
9.3
14.2
14.7 17
2.7 2.2 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Television
Newspapers
Radio
Friends
Work colleagues
Relatives
Acquaintances
Other reviews
Trade unions Political organisations
P
Magazines
Modalities of political information
The television is the most used instrument to be informed about
politics
The web is not, as belief, the most preferred modality: chosen
only the 25% of those informed
Traditional mass media are prevalent
Decreasing trend for newspaper
Women are mostly informed by relatives, men by friends, work
colleagues, acquantancies
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
The visible participation: political meetings
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
10.5 13.1
11.3 11.4 10.6 8.4 8.5 7.7
9.2 7.8 7.8
9.3 7.5 8.4
7 8 8.5 7.1 5.9
9.5 6.7 6
3.7 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.7 4.6
3 3.6 3.1 3.9 4.2 3.7 3.1 4.2 3.4 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Men Women
The visible participation: demonstrations
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
7.9 10.6
7.8 7.6 7.0 5.5 4.8 4.9 6.0 7.1 8.2
6.7 6.1 5.3 5.7 6 5.4 6.8 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.1
4.2 5.6
4.2 3.7 3.9 3.1 2.6 3.0 3.9 4.3 5.6 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.3 4.5 3.9
5.6 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.4 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Men Women
The visible participation: poltical meetings and
demonstrations
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
The trend for men is flat
Less chosen modalities
No relevant gender differences
women
65 years old and more
low social status
low education level
living in the South of the country
Referred to getting informed and talking about politics
modalities
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
Worst performers
Women’s political participation in Italy – Helsinki, 25th October 2016
men
35-64 years old
high social status
high education level
living in the North-Central area of the country
Referred to all modalities of invisible participation
Best performers
Thank you!