sardinia / italy african swine fever 12 april 2010 · asfv history in the center of sardinia, there...

Sardinia / ItalyAFRICAN SWINE FEVER

12 APRIL 2010

Regional Sardinian Animal Health Department&

Ministry of Health

ASL_5_ORISTANO

ASL_3_NUORO

ASL_8_CAGLIARI

ASL_6_SANLURI

ASL_7_CARBONIA

ASL_4_LANUSEI

ASL_2_OLBIA

ASL_1_SASSARI

25.6831.2888 CAGLIARI

8.9948097 CARBONIA

60.9381.0706 SANLURI

27.1712.6475 ORISTANO

17.8821.0784 LANUSEI

40.9064.1303 NUORO

7.1521.4892 OLBIA

59.6305.2331 SASSARI

HeadsHerdsSanitary LocalAgency

Total Sardinia 17.744 248.356

Sardinia: pig population

Backyard16031

90.34%

Intensive320

1.80%

Free ranging494

2.78%

Confined/Free ranging899

5.06%

Pig breeding system in Sardinia

In total in Sardinia there are around 17,000 pig farms distributed over the territory in a different way in relation to the type of farmingIn general the density of farms/municipality varies from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 504 farms/km2 (mean 64,28)

Sardinia: pig population

ASFV HISTORYASF has arrived in the south of Sardinia in 1978, probably due to administration of kitchen waste contaminatedAfter an initial phase of relative “peace”there was a number of secondary cases, always limited to the south of Sardinia, until new cases due to the transport of pigs in transhumant flocks that caused the transfer of infection through the center of Sardinia (Nuoro province)

ASFV HISTORY

In this territory since almost all the farms are free-ranging, there were conditions for the transformation of the epidemic in endemic, which still survives, despite more eradication plans

ASFV HISTORYThe ‘family’ kind of breeding, represents, at the moment, the principal risk-factor for african swine fever, in terms of:

BiosecurityAnimal movementsAnimal identificationHerd managementContacts with others domestic pigsContacts with wild boars

ASFV HISTORYIn the center of Sardinia, there are many pig farms without barriers (such as fences, hedges, natural barriers, etc.) In this area they are a favorable habitat for the presence of wild boarsThis habitat is the same for the uncontrolled domestic pigs and wild boarsIn Nuoro province, pigs are farmed according to traditional practices, such as grazing free-range herds on vast communal lands to utilize acorns produced by evergreen oaks

ASFV HISTORY

free-ranging pigs are considered the primary reservoirs of ASFV in Sardinia ± whereas wild boars probably play a secondary role

2004Outbreaks (blu points) in ‘risk’areas (fromyellow to red)

2005Outbreaks (blu points) in ‘risk’areas (fromyellow to red)

2006NO Outbreaks(blu points) in ‘risk’ areas(from yellow tored)

2007Outbreaks (blu points) ONLY in ‘risk’ areas(from yellow tored)

2008Outbreaks (blu points) ONLY in ‘risk’ areas(from yellow tored)

2009Outbreaks (blu points) ONLY 4 in ‘risk’ areas(from yellow to red)

Asf outbreaks/year in sardinia

Beginning of the

eradicationplan Ipoendemic period

Lastepidemic period

105 out of 377 municipalitieswere involved in one or more outbreaks duringthe period 1993-2009 (7.828 SqKm surface32% of Sardinia)26 municipalitieswith just one outbreak

Surveillance – wild boar population (estimation)

TERRITORY ESTIMATION (heads)

HIGH RISK ZONE 35.000

REST OF TERRITORY 40.000

Total 75.000

The surface compatible with the habitat of wild boar is 7.478 km2 (less than 1/3 of the surface of the whole Region - 24.100 km2)

Surveillance – wild boar 2000-2009

Hunting season N. Samples Seropositives Prevalence95% (cl)

Virus+vi

2000-2001 361 27 7.48 (5.08-10.82) 0

2001-2002 880 62 7.04 (5.48-8.99) 0

2002-2003 230 34 14.78 (10.59-20.19) 0

2003-2004 620 19 3.06 (1.91-4.18) 1

2004-2005 349 22 6.30 (4.08-9.53) 0

2005-2006 4.194 91 2,17 (1,76-2,67) 02006-2007 3.648 93 2,55 (2,07-3,13) 22007-2008 3.164 115 3,63 (3,02-4,36) 222008-2009 3.916 23 0,59(0,38-0,90) 0

Surveillance wild boar

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

11

1213

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27 28

29

30

31

32

The territory of Sardinia is divided in 32 macro-areas

Infected zones from 2004

SURVEILLANCE WILD BOAR 2009-2010

In the hunting season 2009-2010 two samples were founded virological positive in the macro-area of Desulo (north-east zone)

The infected macro-areas of Arzachena, Orgosolo and Urzulei-Baunei (north-central-east zone) are going to be lifted, since any sample was founded virological positive in the last two years

Sero-surveillance in domestic pigs - 2008

Municipality Farms(BDN 2008) Checks Positive

farms

Orgosolo 69 126 3

Benetutti 82 77 2

Urzulei 42 44 2

Austis 34 37 1

Loculi 10 8 1

Totale 9

Serological checks - 2008

7/9 cases in the high risk zone

ASFV CONTROL MEASURESIn 1993, an European Union-funded ASF eradication program (EU Official Bulletin no.L 116, 1990) was adopted. According to the guidelines of the program, all pigs in ASF affected farms and pigs that tested positive to ASFV by serological tests were culledand a prompt refund was given to farmersfrom 1996, pigs from unaffected farms thatwere suspected of infection (i.e. free-ranging pigs sharing pastures with ASF-affected herds) were also culled

Main reference legislationDPR N.320 8 Febbraio 1954 Regolamento di Polizia

VeterinariaD.Leg.vo 20 febbraio 2004, n. 54: Attuazione della

Direttiva 2002/60/CE recante disposizioni specifiche per la lotta contro la peste suina africana;

Commission Decision 2005/352/EC of 2 May 2005 approving the plan for the eradication of African swinefever in feral pigs in Sardinia, Italy

Commission Decision 2005/363/EC of 2 May 2005 concerning animal health protection measures againstAfrican swine fever in Sardinia, Italy

Commission Decision 2003/422/EC of 26 May 2003 approving an African swine fever diagnostic manual

National plan for eradication of african swine fever

ASF - Programme 2010Serological check of pig farms (sampling IC 95% prevalence 5%Serological and virological check of wild boar during the hunting season (minimum 96 animals for each macro-area in the high risk zone and 59 animals outside the high risk zone)Serological check at the slaughterhouse and in the case of slaughter for familiar consumption Serological check in order to accredit the holdingSerological check before the movement of animal in non accredited holdingsSerological check on animals producing meat and meat products according to the Decision 363/2005

Comuni con territori sogg.restr.

Buffer 10KM

Focolaio suino

Focolaio cinghiale

Zona infetta selvatico

Comuni con territori sogg.restr.

Buffer 10KM

Focolaio suino

Focolaio cinghiale

Zona infetta selvatico

2010 OUTBREAKS

LOCALIZATION

ASFV – OUTBREAKS in PIGS 1-2010/NURRI

Outbreak: IT054NU011 NURRI (Cagliari Province)Suspect: 12.03.2010Confirmation: 13.03.2010Culling: 15.03.2010


The animals were kept both into holdings and in pastures bounded by fencesTotal animals: 160Dead: 24Culled: 136


Restricted measures were adopted in the area around the farm:3 Km protection zone and 10 km surveillance zone


In the 3 km protection zone a second outbreak was detected :

Outbreak: IT054NU012 NURRI (Cagliari Province)Suspect: 04.04.2010Confirmation: 07.04.2010Culling: 08.04.2010


The animals were detected in a holding with a little paddockTotal animals: 15Dead: 1Culled: 14

ASFV – OUTBREAKS in PIGS 3-2010/SINNAI

Outbreak: IT051CA063 SINNAI (Cagliari Province)Suspect: 24.03.2010Confirmation: 25.03.2010Culling: 27.03.2010


Outbreak: IT051CA063 SINNAI (Cagliari Province)Total: 25 + (12 discovered dead)Dead: 12 (discovered dead)Culled: 25


The farm is very extended and the animals were kept in free-range pasture without adequate fencesThe Vet Services were informed on 17 March by a nuisance phone call about a smell of suspected dead animals near the farmThe Vet Services discovered in the farm 12 dead pigs, so that sampling were carried out on live animals without clinical signs, which were founded serological positiveThe culling was carried out in both the affected primary farm of the holding and in a contact farm, managed by the same owner


Outbreak: IT051CA063 QUARTU S. ELENA (Cagliari Province)Suspect: 30.03.2010Confirmation: 02.04.2010Culling: 01.04.2010Total: 29Dead: 15 Culled:14

ASFV – SITUATION

The epidemiological surveillance regularly performed didn’t detect more positivesNo further spread of the disease has been detected around these last outbreaksThe number of the detected outbreaks reflects the epidemiological situation of past years and confirms the favourable trend of the last five years

ASF - ConclusionsIn the high risk zone a viral reservoir exists in the domestic pig population that keeps the disease at the endemic status.Outbreaks outside the high risk zone are sporadic and they are rapidly eradicated without permanence of the virus.The epidemiological situation of wild boar is improved outside the high risk zone (no virological positives 2008-2009)Most of the seropositives are detected in the restricted zones or in rural farms (no seropositives at slaughterhouse)

Thank you for attention

sardinia / italy african swine fever 12 april 2010 · asfv history in the center of sardinia, there...

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