sarf: level one chapter 1 2 nd edition - 1433/2012

E-FLASHCARDS

SARF: LEVEL ONEChapter 1

الباب األول

2nd Edition - 1433/2012www.Sarf4sisters.wordpress.com

SARF: LEVEL ONE e-flashcards

This series of flashcards covers the first six chapters (the 3 letter verbs) of Sarf as taught by Ustaadh Fahad Al-Tahiri.

Meanings of the verbs are taken from corpus.quran.com and verbace.com, the Qur’aanic aayaat are from Madinah Mushaf Publisher provided by qurancomplex.org and interpretations of the meanings of the aayaat are taken from TheNobleQuran.com

All of the verbs are written as they appear in the Qur’aan. It should be noted that the writing of Al-Qur'aan has different principles than the regular writing of Arabic.

Students should remember that each form may contain extra letters and that the harakah on the laamul-kalimah varies.

http://corpus.quran.com/

http://www.verbace.com/dicthome.htm

http://www.qurancomplex.org/default.asp?l=arb

ع#ل# - ف#ع'ل' ي#ف)

و+ل ال)ب#اب' األ#) ر# )ب#اب' ن#ص#

ون'ه' و)ز' م#ر' ر# – ي#ن)ص' ت#ع#د8(ن#ص# )م'

ج' ر' ج# – ي#خ) ر# (خ# )ال#ز@م<

H E L P, S U P P O RT, A I D, G I V E T H E V I C T O RY T O ( S A I D O F A L L A H )

ر' ر# - ي#ن)ص' ن#ص#

MEANING MARK FOR REVIEW

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1

ت#ع# م' د8


Truly Allâh has given you victory on many battle fields, and on the Day of Hunain (battle) when you rejoiced at your great number but it availed you naught and the earth, vast as it is, was straitened for you, then you turned back in flight. (At-Tawbah 9:25)

With the help of Allâh, He helps whom He wills, and He is the All Mighty, the Most Merciful. (Ar-Ruum 30:5)

E X I T, E M E R G E , E XC E E D, D E V I AT E F R O M , G O O U T, G O O U T F R O M , C O M E F O RT H

ج' ر' ج# - ي#خ) ر# خ#


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2

ال#ز@م<


He knows that which goes into the earth and that which comes forth from it, and that which descend from the heaven and that which ascends to it. And He is the Most Merciful, the Oft Forgiving. (Saba' 34:2)

Then he came out to his people from Al-Mihrâb (a praying place or a private room, etc.), he told them by signs to glorify Allâh's Praises in the morning and in the afternoon. (Maryam 19:11)

TA K E , SE I Z E , G E T

ذ' ذ# - ي#أ)خ' أ#خ#


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3


ت#ع# م' د8

And what is the matter with you that you believe not in Allâh! While the Messenger (Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam) invites you to believe in your Lord (Allâh), and He (Allâh) has indeed taken your covenant, if you are real believers. (Al-Hadeed 57:8)

"As for the ship, it belonged to Masâkîn (poor people) working in the sea. So I wished to make a defective damage in it, as there was a king after them who seized every ship by force. (Al-Kahf 18:79)

W R I T E , C O M P O S E , R E C O R D, I N S C R I B E , D E C R E E

ك#ت#ب# - ي#ك)ت'ب'


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4


ت#ع# م' د8

And had it not been that Allâh had decreed exile for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world, and in the Hereafter theirs shall be the torment of the Fire. (Al-Hashr 59:3)

Or that the Ghaib (unseen here in this Verse it means Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz) is in their hands, so that they can write it down? (Al-Qalam 68:47)

C O M M A N D, O R D E R , R E Q U I R E , I N ST R U C T, D I C TAT E , D E C R E E

ر' م'ر# - ي#أ) م#

أ#


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5


ت#ع# م' د8

Those who join that which Allâh has commanded to be joined (i.e. they are good to their relatives and do not sever the bond of kinship), fear their Lord, and dread the terrible reckoning (i.e. abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which Allâh has forbidden and perform all kinds of good deeds which Allâh has ordained). (Ar-Ra`d 13:21)

And when they commit a Fâhisha (evil deed, going round the Ka'bah in naked state, every kind of unlawful sexual intercourse, etc.), they say: "We found our fathers doing it, and Allâh has commanded us of it." Say: "Nay, Allâh never commands of Fâhisha. Do you say of Allâh what you know not? (Al-A`raaf 7:28)

K I L L , M U R D E R

ت'ل' ت#ل# - ي#ق) ق#


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6


ت#ع# م' د8

O you who believe! Kill not game while you are in a state of Ihrâm for Hajj or 'Umrah (pilgrimage), and whosoever of you kills it intentionally, the penalty is an offering, brought to the Ka'bah, of an eatable animal (i.e. sheep, goat, cow, etc.) equivalent to the one he killed, as adjudged by two just men among you; or, for expiation, he should feed Masâkin (poor persons), or its equivalent in Saum (fasting), that he may taste the heaviness (punishment) of his deed. Allâh has forgiven what is past, but whosoever commits it again, Allâh will take retribution from him. And Allâh is All Mighty, All-Able of Retribution. (Al-Maa'idah 5:95)

C R E AT E , M A K E

ل'ق' ل#ق# - ي#خ) خ#


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7


ت#ع# م' د8

Allâh has created every moving (living) creature from water. Of them there are some that creep on their bellies, some that walk on two legs, and some that walk on four. Allâh creates what He wills. Verily! Allâh is Able to do all things. (An-Nuur 24:45)

ADORE, WORSHIP

ع#ب#د# – ي#ع)ب'د'


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8


ت#ع# م' د8

And they said: "If it had been the Will of the Most Beneficent (Allâh), we should not have worshipped them (false deities)." They have no knowledge whatsoever of that. They do nothing but lie! (Az-Zukhruf 43:20)

They said: "You have come to us that we should worship Allâh Alone and forsake that which our fathers used to worship. So bring us that wherewith you have threatened us if you are of the truthful." (Al-A`raaf 7:70)

P R OV I D E , G I V E SU S T E N A N C E

ق' ز' ق# – ي#ر) ز# ر#


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9


Allâh is He Who created you, then provided food for you, then will cause you to die, then (again) He will give you life (on the Day of Resurrection). Is there any of your (so called) partners (of Allâh) that do anything of that ? Glory be to Him! And Exalted be He above all that (evil) they associate (with Him). (Ar-Ruum 30:40)

Allâh is very Gracious and Kind to His slaves. He gives provisions to whom He wills. And He is the All-Strong, the All-Mighty. (Ash-Shuuraa 42:19)

ت#ع# م' د8

L E T, F O R S A K E , L E T G O

ك' ك# – ي#ت)ر' ت#ر#


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10


ت#ع# م' د8

And if Allâh were to punish men for that which they earned, He would not leave a moving (living) creature on the surface of the earth, but He gives them respite to an appointed term, and when their term comes, then verily, Allâh is Ever All Seer of His slaves. (Faatir 35:45)

They said: "O Shu'aib! Does your Salât (prayer) (i.e. the prayers which you offer has spoiled your mind, so you) command that we leave off what our fathers used to worship, or that we leave off doing what we like with our property? Verily, you are the forbearer, right-minded!" (They said this sarcastically). (Huud 11:87)

B R E A K , B R E A C H , R E P E A L

ن#ق#ض# – ي#ن)ق'ض'


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11


ت#ع# م' د8

And be not like her who undoes the thread which she has spun after it has become strong, by taking your oaths a means of deception among yourselves, lest a nation may be more numerous than another nation… (An-Nahl 16:92)

They are those with whom you made a covenant, but they break their covenant every time and they do not fear Allâh. (Al-Anfaal 8:56)

1 ) B E Q U I E T, C A L M , C A L M D O W N, R E S T ( L A A Z I M )

2 ) I N H A B I T, D W E L L ( M U TA ` A D D I N )

ك#ن# – س#ك'ن' ي#س)


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12


And you dwelt in the dwellings of men who wronged themselves, and it was clear to you how We had dealt with them. And We put forth (many) parables for you. (Ibraaheem 14:45)

See they not that We have made the night for them to rest therein, and the day sight-giving? Verily, in this are Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) for the people who believe. (An-Naml 27:86)

ال#ز@م< /

ت#ع# م' د8

R E M E M B E R , R E C A L L , R E C O L L E C T

ذ#ك#ر# – ي#ذ)ك'ر'


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13


ت#ع# م' د8

And remembers (glorifies) the Name of his Lord (worships none but Allâh), and prays (five compulsory prayers and Nawâfil additional prayers). (Al-A`laa 87:15)

Does not man remember that We created him before, while he was nothing? (Maryam 19:67)

S T R E T C H , E X T E N D, E N L A R G E

ط# – ب#س#ط' ي#ب)س'


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14


ت#ع# م' د8

And if Allâh were to enlarge the provision for His slaves, they would surely rebel in the earth, but He sends down by measure as He wills. Verily! He is in respect of His slaves, the Well-Aware, the All-Seer (of things that benefit them). (Ash-Shuraa 42:27)

Do they not see that Allâh enlarges the provision for whom He wills and straitens (it for whom He wills). Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who believe. (Ar-Ruum 30:37)

A M O U N T, C O M E T O, R E A C H , ATTA I N, A R R I V E AT

ب#ل#غ# – ي#ب)ل'غ'


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15


ت#ع# م' د8

And when the children among you come to puberty, then let them (also) ask for permission, as those senior to them (in age). Thus Allâh makes clear His Ayât (Commandments and legal obligations) for you. And Allâh is All-Knowing, All-Wise. (An-Nuur 24:59)

And Fir'aun (Pharaoh) said: "O Hâmân! Build me a tower that I may arrive at the ways, (Ghaafir 40:36)

E AT, C O N S U M E , E R O D E

أ#ك#ل# – ي#أ)ك'ل'


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16


ت#ع# م' د8

Forbidden to you (for food) are: Al-Maytatah (the dead animals - cattle-beast not slaughtered), blood, the flesh of swine, and the meat of that which has been slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allâh, or has been slaughtered for idols, etc., or on which Allâh's Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering, and that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by the goring of horns - and that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal … (Al-Maa'idah 5:3)

And they say: "Why does this Messenger (Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam) eat food, and walk about in the markets (like ourselves). Why is not an angel sent down to him to be a warner with him? (Al-Furqaan 25:7)

P R O S T R AT E , K N E E L , W O R SH I P

د' ج' د# – ي#س) ج# س#


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17


So, the angels prostrated themselves, all of them together. (Al-Hijr 15:30)

And to Allâh prostate all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth, of the live moving creatures and the angels, and they are not proud [i.e. they worship their Lord (Allâh) with humility]. (An-Nahl 16:49)

ال#ز@م<

1 ) J U D G E , D E C R E E , D E C I D E ( L A A Z I M )

2 ) C O M M A N D ( S O M E T H I N G ) , R U L E ( M U TA ` A D D I N )

ك'م' ك#م# – ي#ح) ح#


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18


Those who were arrogant will say: "We are all (together) in this (Fire)! Verily Allâh has judged between (His) slaves!" (Ghafir 40:48)

"Allâh will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection about that wherein you used to differ." (Al-Hajj 22:69)

ال#ز@م< /

ت#ع# م' د8

1 ) R U N, F L E E ( L A A Z I M )

2 ) K I C K ( M U TA ` A D D I N )

ك#ض# – ر#ك'ض' ي#ر)


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19


Then, when they perceived (saw) Our Torment (coming), behold, they (tried to) flee from it. (Al-Anbiyaa’ 21:12)

ال#ز@م< /

ت#ع# م' د8

S P R I N G, G R O W, V E G E TAT E

ن#ب#ت# – ي#ن)ب'ت'


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20


And a tree (olive) that springs forth from Mount Sinai, that grows oil, and (it is a) relish for the eaters. (Al-Mu'minuun 23:20)

ال#ز@م<

F E E L , I N F E R , SE N S E , P E R C E I V E

ع'ر' ع#ر# – ي#ش) ش#


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21


ت#ع# م' د8

They (think to) deceive Allâh and those who believe, while they only deceive themselves, and perceive (it) not! (Al-Baqarah 2:9)

و+ل'ال)ب#اب' األ#

A SIGN THAT A F` IL IS OF CHAPTER ONE:

“ If the `aynul-kalimah is a waaw”

A PRINCIPLE: If this waaw is originally mutaharrik and preceded by a letter bearing a fathah, then it will be turned into an alif.

IN THE MUDHAARI`: The dhammah on the waaw is moved to the faa’ul-kalimah to keep it light on the tongue.

@ذ#ا ك#ان#ت) ع#ي)ن' إo ة@ و#اوا ال)ك#ل@م#

T E L L , S AY, U TT E R


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22

و#ل# – ياق# ل'ق' Originally:

) ل#و#ق#(

Originally:

) و'ي# ق))ل'


ت#ع# م' د8

He [Mûsa (Moses)] said, "He says, 'It is a cow neither trained to till the soil nor water the fields, sound, having no other colour except bright yellow.' " They said, "Now you have brought the truth." So they slaughtered it though they were near to not doing it. (Al-Baqarah 2:71)

B E , I S , E X I S T


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23

ن'ك'ون# – ي#اك#


Originally:

) ن#و#ك#(

Originally:

) ن'ك)و'ي#(

And mention in the Book (this Qur'ân) Mûsa (Moses). Verily! He was chosen and he was a Messenger (and) a Prophet. (Maryam 19:51)

And why did you not, when you heard it, say? "It is not right for us to speak of this. Glory be to You (O Allâh) this is a great lie." (An-Nuur 24:16)

ال#ز@م<

S TA N D, R I S E U P, B E O N O N E ’ S F E E T


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24

وم# – ي#اق# م'ق'


Originally:

) م#و#ق# (Originally:

) و'ي# م'ق)(

ال#ز@م<

(It has been revealed to me that) When the slave of Allâh (Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam) stood up invoking (his Lord Allâh) in prayer to Him they (the jinns) just made round him a dense crowd as if sticking one over the other (in order to listen to the Prophet's recitation). (Al-Jinn 72:19)

The Day that Ar-Rûh [Jibrael (Gabriel) or another angel] and the angels will stand forth in rows, none shall speak except him whom the Most Beneficent (Allâh) allows, and he will speak what is right. (An-Naba’ 78:38)

D I E


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25

ت'م'وت# – ي#ام#


Originally:

) ت#و#م#(

Originally:

) و'ي# م))ت'

ال#ز@م<

And never (O Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave. Certainly they disbelieved in Allâh and His Messenger, and died while they were Fâsiqûn (rebellious, - disobedient to Allâh and His Messenger Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam). (At-Tawbah 9:84)

And they swear by Allâh their strongest oaths, that Allâh will not raise up him who dies. Yes, (He will raise them up), a promise (binding) upon Him in truth, but most of mankind know not. (An-Nahl 16:38)

T U R N I N R E P E N TA N C E , A C C E P T R E P E N TA N C E ( S A I D O F A L L A A H )


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ب'ت'وب# – ي#ات#


Originally:

) ب#و#ت# (Originally:

) ب'ت)و'ي#(

ال#ز@م<

Except those who repent and believe (in the Oneness of Allâh and His Messenger Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam), and work righteousness. Such will enter Paradise and they will not be wronged in aught. (Maryam 19:60)

Then after that Allâh will accept the repentance of whom He will. And Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (At-Tawbah 9:27)

S E E K R E F U G E ( I N A L L A A H )


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27

ذ'ع'وذ# – ي#اع#


Originally:

) ذ#و#ع# (Originally:

) ذ'ع)و'ي#(

ال#ز@م<

She said: "Verily! I seek refuge with the Most Beneficent (Allâh) from you, if you do fear Allâh." (Maryam 19:18)

TA S T E


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ق'ذ'وق# – ي#اذ#


ت#ع# م' د8

Originally:

) ق#و#ذ# (Originally:

) ق'ذ)و'ي#(

So he misled them with deception. Then when they tasted of the tree, that which was hidden from them of their shame (private parts) became manifest to them and they began to stick together the leaves of Paradise over themselves (in order to cover their shame). And their Lord called out to them (saying): "Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you: Verily, Shaitân (Satan) is an open enemy unto you?" (Al-A`raaf 7:22)

So taste you (the results of your evil actions); no increase shall We give you, except in torment. (An-Naba’ 78:30)

R E T U R N


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ور# – ي#اح# ر'ح'


ال#ز@م<

Originally:

) ر#و#ح# (Originally:

) و'ي# ر'ح)(

Verily, he thought that he would never come back (to Us)! (Al-Inshiqaaq 84:14)

T R E M B L E , S H A K E , M OV E I N C I R C L E S


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ر'م'ور# – ي#ام#


ال#ز@م<

Originally:

) ر#و#م# (Originally:

) و'ي# ر'م)(

Do you feel secure that He, Who is over the heaven (Allâh), will not cause the earth to sink with you, then behold it shakes (as in an earthquake)? (Al-Mulk 67:16)

E N G A G E , I N D U L G E ( I N VA I N TA L K )


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31

ض# – اخ#وي# ض'خ'


So leave them to plunge in vain talk and play about, until they meet their Day which they are promised.

(Al-Ma`aarij 70:42)

Originally:

) و#خ#)ض#

Originally:

) و'ي# خ))ض'

ال#ز@م< /

ت#ع# م' د8

A SIGN THAT A F` IL IS OF CHAPTER ONE:

“If the laamul-kalimah is a waaw”

@ذ#ا ك#ان#ت) ال#م' إo ة@ و#اوا ال)ك#ل@م#

THE PRINCIPLE: If the waaw was originally mutaharrik and the letter before it has a fathah then the waaw is turned into an alif.

IN THE MUDHAARI`: The dhammah on the waaw is dropped to keep it light on the tongue.

و+ل'ال)ب#اب' األ#


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C A L L , I N VO K E

و – ي#د)ع'اد#ع#32


ت#ع# م' د8

Originally:

) و#د#ع# (Originally:

) و'ي#د)ع'(

At that time Zakariyâ (Zachariya) invoked his Lord, saying: "O my Lord! Grant me from You, a good offspring. You are indeed the All-Hearer of invocation." (Aali `Imraan 3:38)

Allâh calls to the home of peace (i.e. Paradise, by accepting Allâh's religion of Islâmic Monotheism and by doing righteous good deeds and abstaining from polytheism and evil deeds) and guides whom He wills to a Straight Path. (Yuunus 10:25)


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33

ت#ع# م' د8

ج# ج'ار# و – ي#ر) Originally:

) ج# و#ر# (Originally:

) ج' و'ي#ر)( E X P E C T, H O P E , D E SI R E

Say (O Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam): "I am only a man like you. It has been inspired to me that your Ilâh (God) is One Ilâh (God i.e. Allâh). So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord." (Al-Kahf 18:110)


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S C ATT E R , D I SP E R S E

و – ي#ذ)ر'اذ#ر#


34

ت#ع# م' د8

Originally:

) و#ذ#ر# (Originally:

) و'ي#ذ)ر'(

And put forward to them the example of the life of this world, it is like the water (rain) which We send down from the sky, and the vegetation of the earth mingles with it, and becomes fresh and green. But (later) it becomes dry and broken pieces, which the winds scatter. And Allâh is Able to do everything. (Al-Kahf 18:45)


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S W E L L , G R O W, I N C R E A SE

ب# ب'ار# و – ي#ر)


35

Originally:

) ب# و#ر# (Originally:

) ب' و'ي#ر) (

And that which you give in gift (to others), in order that it may increase (your wealth by expecting to get a better one in return) from other people's property, has no increase with Allâh, but that which you give in Zakât seeking Allâh's Countenance then those, they shall have manifold increase. (Ar-Ruum 30:39)

ال#ز@م<


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ATTA C K

ط# – اس#ط' وي#س)


36

Originally:

ط#( س#)و#

Originally:

ط'( ي#س))و'

And when Our Clear Verses are recited to them, you will notice a denial on the faces of the disbelievers! They are nearly ready to attack with violence those who recite Our Verses to them. Say: "Shall I tell you of something worse than that? The Fire (of Hell) which Allâh has promised to those who disbelieve, and worst indeed is that destination!" (Al-Hajj 22:72)

ال#ز@م<


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PA R D O N, F O R G I V E

و – ي#ع)ف'اع#ف#


37

Originally:

) و#ع#ف# (Originally:

) و'ي#ع)ف'(

O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble. But if you ask about them while the Qur'ân is being revealed, they will be made plain to you. Allâh has forgiven that, and Allâh is Oft Forgiving, Most Forbearing. (Al-Maa'idah 5:101)

And whatever of misfortune befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned. And He pardons much. (See the Qur'ân Verse 35:45). (Ash-Shuuraa 42:30)

ال#ز@م<


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C OV E R W I T H D A R K N E SS

ج# – ىxس#ج' وي#س)


38

ت#ع# م' د8

Originally:

) ج# و#س#(

Originally:

) ج' ي#س))و'

And by the night when it is still (or darkens); (Adh-Dhuhaa 93:2)


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1 ) C O M P L A I N T O ( L A A Z I M )

2 ) C O M P L A I N O F O R A G A I N ST ( M U TA ` A D D I N )

ك# ك'ا ش# و– ي#ش)


39

Originally:

) ك# و#ش#(

Originally:

ك'( ي#ش))و'

He said: "I only complain of my grief and sorrow to Allâh, and I know from Allâh that which you know not. (Yuusuf 12:86)

ال#ز@م< /

ت#ع# م' د8


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C O M M I T E XC E SS, E XC E E D

و– ي#غ)ل'x #ىغ#ل41


Originally:

) و#غ#ل# (Originally:

) و'ي#غ)ل' (

Say (O Muhammad Sallallaahu`alayhi wa sallam): "O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Exceed not the limits in your religion (by believing in something) other than the truth, and do not follow the vain desires of people who went astray in times gone by, and who misled many, and strayed (themselves) from the Right Path." (Al-Maa'idah 5:77)

ال#ز@م<


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B E C O M E M A N I F E ST, A P PA R E N T, R E V E A L , D I S C L O S E

و – ي#ب)د'اب#د#40


Originally:

) #وب#د# (Originally:

) و'ي#ب)د' (

Nay, it has become manifest to them what they had been concealing before. But if they were returned (to the world), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars. (Al-An`aam 6:28)

ال#ز@م<


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E R A SE , E L I M I N AT E

ح# و– ي#م)ح'ا م#42


ت#ع# م' د8

Originally:

) و#م#ح# (Originally:

) و'ي#م)ح'(

Allâh blots out what He wills and confirms (what He wills). And with Him is the Mother of the Book (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfûz) (Ra'd 13:39)


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T U R N AWAY

و – ي#ع)ش'اع#ش#43


Originally:

) #وع#ش#(

Originally:

) ي#ع)ش')و'

And whosoever turns away (blinds himself) from the remembrance of the Most Beneficent (Allâh) (i.e. this Qur'ân and worship of Allâh), We appoint for him Shaitân (Satan devil) to be a Qarîn (an intimate companion) to him. (Az-Zukhruf 43:36)

* In this example, the mudhaari` is in a state of jazm, and it necessitates dropping the waaw.

ال#ز@م<

End of Chapter One

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sarf: level one chapter 1 2 nd edition - 1433/2012

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