sarika-04 (work book) - saraswati house material... · 2018. 7. 3. · 5 e:\e drive...

4

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MkWú lk/uk vMokuh¯gnh foHkkxkè;{klsaV gsysuk”k LowQy

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Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) Phone : +91-11-43556600Fax : +91-11-43556688E-mail : [email protected] : www.saraswatihouse.comCIN : U22110DL2013PTC262320Import-Export Licence No. 0513086293

Branches:

• Ahmedabad (079) 22160722 • Bengaluru (080) 26619880, 26676396 • Bhopal +91-7554003654 • Chennai (044) 28416531 • Dehradun 09837452852• Guwahati (0361) 2457198• Hyderabad (040) 42615566 • Jaipur (0141) 4006022 • Jalandhar (0181) 4642600, 4643600 • Kochi (0484) 4033369 • Kolkata (033) 40042314 • Lucknow (0522) 4062517 • Mumbai (022) 28737050, 28737090 • Patna (0612) 2570403 • Ranchi (0651) 2244654

First published 2016

ISBN: 978-93-5199-829-7

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

The moral rights of the author has been asserted.

©Reserved with the Publishers

All rights reserved under the Copyright Act. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, trans-mitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopy or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Printed at: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh)

This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for any corrective action.

(iii)(iii)

vkeq[k

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ,oa ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ Hkkjrh; izek.ki=k (ICSE) cksMZ osQ vuq:i ^lkfjdk* ikBekyk dk l`tu fd;k x;k gSA ;g iqLrd Ük`a[kyk 22oha lnh osQ ubZ ihkoksa dk Lokxr fd;k tk,xk] ftuls Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn feysxhA

µysf[kdk

fo"k; lwph

1- fgeky; (dfork) 05

2- prqj VkWe 10

3- Me: 16

4- Mkfd;k ckcw 21

� vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ1 27

5- ek¡ ls fourh (dfork) 28

6- Vªsu fiQly tk,xh 33

7- jk"Vªh; i{khµeksj 39

8- ykyk th dh prqjkbZ 44


9- eSa lcls NksVh gksm¡Q (dfork) 50

10- VwVh Vk¡x dk I+kSQlyk 55

11- ijksidkjh isM+ 60

12- fctyh 66


13- erokyh dks;y (dfork) 72

14- vks.ke 77

15- lPph fe=krk 83

16- jkeksth fI+kQYe flVh dh lSj 88

� vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ4 94(iv)

5

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55

lkjka'k

bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd fo'kky fgeky; ioZr gesa thou dks fdl izdkj thus dk lans'k ns jgk gSA fgeky; gesa crkrk gS fd gesa vius jkLrs esa vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa dk cgknqjh ls lkeuk djrs gq, fujarj vkxs c

6


([k) rqe Hkh m¡Qpk mB ldrs gks] Nw ldrs gks uHk osQ rkjsAA

4- (d) (i) dfo ^fgeky;* osQ fo"k; esa ckr dj jgs gSaA

(ii) iz.k ls u fMxus ij ge lc dqN izkIr dj ldrs gSa vkSj lekt esa viuk uke jks'ku dj m¡Qpk mB ldrs gSaA

(iii) dfo ^lksguyky n~foosnh* th us ^I;kjs* 'kCn dk lacks/u vius ns'k osQ cPpksa osQ fy, fd;k gSA

(iv) thou esa liQyrk rHkh izkIr dh tk ldrh gS tc ge vius y{; dks izkIr djus osQ fy, dBksj ifjJe djsa] eqlhcr vkus ij Mjsa ugha cfYd mldk lkeuk djsaA

([k) (i) ^fgeky;* laLd`r osQ ^fge* rFkk ^vky;* nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^cI+kZQ dk ?kj* gksrk gSA ;g ioZr Hkkjr osQ mRrj esa gSA

(ii) dfork osQ vuqlkj fgeky; ioZr esa dbZ xq.kksa dk lekos'k fn[kyk;k x;k gS ftlesa mldh vpy izo`fRr] fo'kkyrk] fuMjrk] n`&cw> ls gj dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk pkfg,A

(iv) bl dfork esa fgeky; ioZr dh vxzfyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaµfuMjrk] vfMx] vpy] lkgl] MVdj lkeuk djukA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) Hkkstuky; ([k) nsoky; (x) ea=kky; (?k) iqLrdky; (Ä) fon~;ky;

2- (d) Hk;adjµrwI+kQku ([k) foLr`r&uHk (x) m¡Qpkµfgeky; (?k) yackµiFk (Ä) pedrsµrkjs (p) fo'kkyµtx

3- (d) iFkµjkLrk] ekxZ ([k) uHkµvkdk'k] vkleku (x) iz.kµ'kiFk] fu'p; (?k) nqfu;kµlalkj] tx (Ä) unhµlfjrk] rfVuh (p) igkM+µioZr] fxfj

7


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------- iw.kk±d

vuqozQekad % ------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 10

� fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 = 10

(d) fgeky; ioZr dh lcls m¡Qph pksVh dk uke fyf[k,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) fgeky; ioZr dgk¡ rd iSQyk gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) bl dfork ls vkius D;k f'k{kk izkIr dh\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(?k) eqlhcr vkus ij gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Ä) vius y{; dks ikus osQ fy, gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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8


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 3

(d) vpy µ ------------------- ([k) vkdk'k µ -------------------

(x) liQyrk µ ------------------- (?k) lq[k µ -------------------

(Ä) cM+k µ ------------------- (p) jkr µ -------------------

2- uhps fn, x, laKk o fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk mfpr feyku dhft,µ 3

(d) m¡Qpk ckyd

([k) Hk;adj ioZr

(x) ohj fu'p;

(?k) pedrs rwI+kQku

(Ä) dfBu rkjs

(p) n`

9


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) fgeky; ioZr dh lcls m¡Qph pksVh ekmaV ,ojsLV gSA

([k) fgeky; ioZr ik¡p ns'kksaµHkkjr] ikfdLrku] usiky] HkwVku vkSj phu dh lhekvksa esa iSQyk gSA

(x) bl dfork ls geus ;g f'k{kk izkIr dh fd gesa vius y{; dh izkfIr esa vkus okyh

dfBukb;ksa dk MVdj lkeuk djuk pkfg, vkSj fujarj vkxs c

10


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB esa VkWe dh prqjkbZ vkSj mldh cqn~f/eRrk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA VkWe NksVk&lk] ysfdu cM+k gh uV[kV vkSj cgknqj cPpk FkkA og viuh cw

11


2- (d) VkWe us] fte lsA

([k) csu jksxlZ us] VkWe lsA

(x) csu us] VkWe lsA

(?k) VkWe us] iqrkbZ djus okys cPpksa lsA

3- (d) (i) mi;qDr okD; VkWe osQ ckjs esa dgk x;k gSA VkWe NksVk&lk] ysfdu cM+k gh uV[kV vkSj cgknqj cPpk gSA VkWe viuh ikWyh ekSlh osQ lkFk jgrk gSA mldh c

12


Hkk"kk cks/

1- vuqLokj µ NhaVs lkSaik gSaMy lqanj]

13


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(d) ckYVh ysdj ikuh Hkjus dkSu tk jgk Fkk\ mls VkWe us D;k dgk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) VkWe dks iqrkbZ djus dh l”kk fdl fnu feyh Fkh\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) VkWe dks iqrkbZ djrs ns[k csu us mlls D;k dgk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(?k) cM+h&lh pgkjnhokjh de le; esa oSQls iqr xbZ\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Ä) ikWyh ekSlh osQ LoHkko dk o.kZu dhft,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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14


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1- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 4

(d) [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u gksuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vk¡[ksa rjsjdj ns[kuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) vk¡[ksa [kqyh&dh&[kqyh jg tkuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(?k) ihB FkiFkikuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ 3

(d) cgqewY; µ -------------------------- ([k) pgkjnhokjh µ --------------------------

(x) txexkuk µ --------------------------

3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 3

(d) lp µ -------------------------- ([k) fiz; µ --------------------------

(x) laqnj µ -------------------------- (?k) [kkyh µ --------------------------

(Ä) izlUu µ -------------------------- (p) prqj µ --------------------------

15


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) ckYVh ysdj ikuh Hkjus ?kj dk ukSdj fte tk jgk FkkA mls VkWe us pgkjnhokjh ij iqrkbZ

djus osQ fy, dgkA

([k) VkWe dks iqrkbZ djus dh l”kk 'kfuokj dks feyh FkhA

(x) VkWe dks iqrkbZ djrs ns[k csu us mlls dgk fd vkt rks mls dke djuk iM+ jgk gSA

(?k) VkWe us viuh prqjkbZ ls iqrkbZ osQ dke dks jkspd crkdj vius nksLrksa dks Hkh ml dke esa

yxk fn;kA bl izdkj cM+h&lh pgkjnhokjh de le; esa iqr xbZA

(Ä) ikWyh ekSlh eerke;h o vuq'kklu fiz; FkhaA tgk¡ ,d vksj os VkWe dks vR;ar I;kj djrh

FkhaA ogha mldh 'kjkjrksa osQ fy, mls naM Hkh nsrhaA VkWe osQ vPNk dke djus ij mls

'kkck'kh nsuk Hkh ugha HkwyrhaA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) fØosQV eSp thrus ij esjh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u jgkA

([k) d{kk esa euu osQ 'kksj epkus ij vè;kfidk us mls vk¡[ksa rjsjdj ns[kkA

(x) v{kj/ke eafnj dh lqanjrk ns[kdj esjh vk¡[ksa [kqyh&dh&[kqyh jg xb±A

(?k) xf.kr esa iwjs vad ykus ij ekrk th us esjh ihB FkiFkikbZA

2- (d) dherh

([k) fdlh LFkku osQ pkjksa vksj [khaph gqbZ nhokj

(x) peduk

3- (d) >wB ([k) vfiz;

(x) oqQ:i (?k) Hkjk

(Ä) vizlUu (p) ew[kZ

16


lkjka'k

izLrqr dgkuh esa e/qj ok.kh o vPNs O;ogkj dk egRRo le>k;k x;k gSA ,d fdlku osQ rhu cPps Fksµnks csfV;k¡ o ,d csVk Me:A Me: vR;ar 'kSrku FkkA ?kj esa og viuh NksVh cgu dks ijs'kku djrk jgrk vkSj LowQy esa vU; cPpksa dksA fdlku mldh f'kdk;rsa lqu&lqudj ¯pfrr jgus yxkA ,d ckj tc Me: vius nksLrksa osQ lkFk xsan ls [ksy jgk Fkk rks mudh xsan oqQ,¡ esa fxj xbZA Me: us tc xqLls esa oqQ,¡ ls viuh xsan ek¡xh rks oqQ,¡ ls Hkh oSlh gh xqLls okyh vkok”k vkbZA Me: dks yxk oqQ,¡ osQ vanj dksbZ gS] og Mjdj ?kj dh vksj Hkkxk vkSj vius firk dks lkjh ckr crkbZA fdlku us ekSosQ dk iQk;nk mBkdj Me: dks le>k;k fd mlus oqQ,¡ ls tSlk dgk] mlus Hkh oSlk dgk] ge ehBk cksysaxs rks nwljs Hkh gels ehBk cksysaxsA vc Me: dks viuh xyrh dk vglkl gqvk vkSj mlus vius firk ls vPNk cuus dk oknk fd;kA fdlku dk iwjk ifjokj mlosQ bl fu.kZ; ls pgdus yxkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) fdlku jkeiqj xk¡o esa jgrk FkkA

([k) Me: 'kSrku cPpk Fkk mls nwljksa dks ijs'kku djus esa vkuan vkrk FkkA

(x) fdlku dh cM+h csVh dk uke 'kxqu FkkA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) rhu

([k) (iii) pkSFkh d{kk esa

(x) (iii) D;ksafd og f'ko&HkDr FkkA

2- (d) ek¡&ckck] f'kdk;r ([k) d{kk (x) vk'p;Z (?k) firk (Ä) pgdus

3 Me:

17


3- (d) (i) NqVdh] Me: dh NksVh cgu Fkh] ftls Me: gj oDr ijs'kku djrk jgrk FkkA

(ii) NqVdh vius ek¡&ckck ls vius HkkbZ ^Me:* dh f'kdk;r djrh gSA

(iii) Me:] NqVdh dh isafly Nhu ysrk] dHkh jcM+ xqek nsrk] dHkh dkWfi;k¡ iQkM+ nsrk vkSj dbZ ckj mldh xqFkh gqbZ yach pksVh Hkh [kksy nsrk FkkA ftlls NqVdh cgqr ijs'kku gks tkrh FkhA

(iv) dq,¡ esa xsan fxjus dh ?kVuk osQ ckn Me: us vius firk dks ;g fo'okl fnyk;k fd og vc dHkh NqVdh dks rax ugha djsxkA ;g lqudj NqVdh [kq'k gksdj ukpus yxhA

([k) (i) Me: osQ firk us tc mls ;g dgk] ;fn rqe yksxksa ls vPNk vkSj ehBk cksykssxs rks nwljs yksx Hkh rqels vPNk vkSj ehBk cksysaxsA dq,¡ ls vkus okyh vkok”k dk Lej.k dj mls vius firk dh dgh ckr lPph yxh vkSj mls ;g vglkl gks x;kA

(ii) Me: ,d 'kjkjrh cPpk FkkA og ?kj ij viuh NksVh cgu dks ijs'kku djrk rFkk viuh d{kk esa Hkh 'kjkjrsa djrk jgrk ftldh otg ls mlosQ vè;kid f'kdk;r ysdj ?kj vkrs FksA Me: dk eu i

18


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) Me: osQ firk osQ ckjs esa vki D;k&D;k tkurs gSa\ fyf[k,µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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([k) ¶eqf[k;k osQ ?kj osQ ikl okys dq,¡ esa dksbZ jgrk gS¸µ;g dFku fdlus] fdlls vkSj D;ksa dgk\ Li"V dhft,A

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) fdlku dh fpark dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(?k) dq,¡ ls okil vkus okyh vkok”k dks D;k dgrs gSa\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Ä) dq,¡ osQ vykok vkSj fdu&fdu LFkkuksa ls Vdjkdj gekjh vkok”k gesa lqukbZ nsrh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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19


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fØ;k 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft,µ 3

(d) og [ksrksa esa dke djrk FkkA

([k) 'kxqu pkSFkh d{kk esa i

20


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) Me: osQ firk ,d usd vkSj bZekunkj fdlku FksA os vius cPpksa dks cgqr I;kj djrs Fks ijarq

mudks fcxM+us Hkh ugha nsuk pkgrs FksA mUgksaus vius 'kSrku csVs Me: dks cM+s I;kj ls lq/kjkA

([k) ;g dFku Me: us vius firk ls dgk D;ksafd tc mlus oqQ,¡ ls xqLls esa viuh xsan ek¡xh

rks oqQ,¡ osQ vanj ls Hkh oSlh gh vkok”ksa vkb±A

(x) fdlku dh ¯prk dk dkj.k Me: dh 'kSrkfu;k¡ FkhaA og ?kj esa viuh NksVh cgu o

fon~;ky; esa vU; cPpksa dks ijs'kku djrkA fdlku ;gh lkspdj ¯pfrr Fkk fd mls oSQls

lq/kjk tk,A

(?k) oqQ,¡ ls okil vkus okyh vkok”k dks vkok”k dk xw¡tuk dgrs gSaA

(Ä) oqQ,¡ osQ vykok igkfM+;ksa] xqI+kQkvksa] ?kkfV;ksa vkfn ls Vdjkdj gekjh vkok”k gesa lqukbZ nsrh gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) djrk Fkk ([k) i

21


lkjka'k

lkr o"khZ; enhgk vius xqM~Ms&xqfM+;k ls [ksy jgh Fkh rHkh njok”ks ij Mkfd;k vkrk gSA og Mkfd;s dks iqfyl vady le> vius vCcw dks crkrh gS fd iqfyl vady vk, gSaA rc vCcw mls le>krs gSa fd os Mkfd;k ckcw gSa vkSj mldh ukuh dh fpV~Bh yk, gSaA enhgk osQ iwNus ij mlosQ vCcw mls crkrs gSa fd Mkfd;k lcosQ ?kjksa esa muosQ i=k] iklZy] euhvkWMZj vkfn igq¡pkrk gSA lqcg&lqcg Mkfd;k vius {ks=k osQ Mkd?kj esa tkrk gS] ml {ks=k osQ lHkh ysVj ckWDl ls i=k fudkydj Mkd?kj ys vkrk gSA mu lkjs i=kksa ij og vius Mkd?kj dh eksgj yxkrk gS vkSj bUgsa cM+s&cM+s FkSyksa esa Hkjdj nwljs LFkkuksa ij Hkstrk gSA tks Mkd nwljs LFkkuksa ls FkSyksa esa Hkjdj vkrh gSa] mu lcdks FkSys ls fudkydj ,d&,d Mkd ij eksgj yxkrk gSA fiQj vius {ks=k dh mu fpV~fB;ksa vkSj iklZy iSosQVksa rFkk euhvkWMZj dks Nk¡Vrk gS tks mls ml {ks=k esa ck¡Vus gksrs gSaA tc vCcw ukuh dk i=k i

22


(x) (ii) yky (?k) (iv) mDr lHkh

(Ä) (iv) mDr lHkh

2- (d) (i) mDr dFku dh oDrk lkr o"khZ;k ,d cPph gSA ftldk uke enhgk gSA og vius

vCcw&vEeh osQ lkFk v”kesj 'kgj esa jgrh gSA

(ii) mDr dFku esa enhgk] Mkfd;k ckcw osQ ckjs esa tkuuk pkgrh gSA

(iii) i=k i

23


laioZQ vkSj lapkj ekè;e euq"; dh izxfr esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA fcuk laioZQ ekè;eksa ls mldh izxfr esa ck/k,¡ mRiUu gks tk,¡xhA

3- (d) vCcw us] Mkfd;k ls

([k) enhgk dh ek¡ us] enhgk osQ vCcw ls

(x) enhgk us] vCcw ls

(?k) vCcw us] enhgk ls

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) (p) (N) (t)

2- (d) vkSjr ([k) yM+dk (x) nknk (?k) ekeh (Ä) cSy (p) 'ksjuh

3- (d) [kjxks'k us xktj dkVdj [kk yhA

([k) eq>s vius ?kj tkuk gSA

(x) og Nr ls fxj x;kA

(?k) ;gk¡ xk; dk 'kqn~/ nw/ feyrk gSA

4- mnwZ 'kCnµnqvk] fyI+kQkiQk] brokj] 'kqfØ;k] vCcw] [kr

vaxzs”kh 'kCnµvady] ysVj&ckWDl] euhvkWMZj] MªkWbax

5- (d) [kk jgk gw¡

([k) fey ikrk gS

(x) cuk ikrk gS

24


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



� fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 ¾ 10

(d) uSuhrky esa dkSu jgrk Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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([k) enhgk osQ vCcw osQ g¡lus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) ^vkxarqd* fdls dgk x;k gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(?k) iqjkus tekus esa lans'k fdl rjg Hksts tkrs Fks\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Ä) orZeku ;qx esa lans'k Hkstus vkSj laioZQ lk/us gsrq D;k&D;k lqfoèkk,¡ miyC/ gSa\ fyf[k,A

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25


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dk lgh feyku dhft,µ 2

(d) njok”kk vCcw

([k) fVdV ?kaVh

(x) Mkd?kj fyI+kQkiQk

(?k) vEeh Mkfd;k

2- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph (Synonyms) fyf[k,µ 5

(d) i=k µ --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

([k) firk µ --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

(x) euq"; µ --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

(?k) fo'kky µ --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

(Ä) njok”kk µ --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fØ;k 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft,µ 3

(d) vkidh fpV~Bh vkbZ gSA

([k) enhgk osQ firk us njok”kk can fd;kA

(x) oks iqfylokyk D;ksa vk;k Fkk\

26


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) uSuhrky esa enhgk dh ukuh jgrh FkhaA

([k) enhgk osQ Mkfd;k ckcw dks iqfyl vady dgus ij enhgk dh ek¡ ¯pfrr gksdj iwNrh gSa

fd iqfyl okyk D;ksa vk;k Fkk\ ;g lqudj enhgk osQ vCcw g¡lus yxsA

(x) vkxarqd Mkfd;s dks dgk x;k gSA

(?k) iqjkus tekus esa lans'k dcwrjksa n~okjk Hksts tkrs FksA

(Ä) orZeku ;qx esa lans'k Hkstus vkSj laioZQ lk/us gsrq Mkd?kj] VsyhI+kQksu] eksckby iQksu] baVjusV

vkfn gSaA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) njok”kk ?kaVh

([k) fVdV fyI+kQkiQk

(x) Mkd?kj Mkfd;k

(?k) vEeh vCcw

2- (d) fpV~Bh [kr ([k) rkr tud

(x) ekuo euqt (?k) cM+k foLr`r

(Ä) n~okj dikV

3- (d) vkbZ gS ([k) can fd;k (x) vk;k Fkk

27


vH;kl iz'u&i=&&1

1- (d) vliQy ([k) ljy

(x) ?kVuk (?k) csbZeku

2- (d) jkuh ([k) cPph

(x) ukSdjkuh (?k) ekSlh

3- (d) 'kf'k ([k) iq"i

(x) 'kaHkq (?k) ekrk

4- (d) rkjs ([k) ck/k,¡

(x) xk;sa (?k) i{kh

5- (d) enhgk lkr o"kZ dh FkhA og xqM~Ms&xqfM+;k osQ lkFk [ksy jgh FkhA

([k) Me: 'kSrku cPpk FkkA mls nwljksa dks ijs'kku djus esa vkuan vkrk FkkA

(x) tc ikWyh ekSlh pgkjnhokjh ns[kus xb± rks gSjku gks xb± D;ksafd pgkjnhokjh cgqr lqanj

28


lkjka'k

izLrqr dfork esa cPpk viuh ek¡ ls mls ckny cukus dh fourh dj jgk gSA og ckny cudj lkxj osQ [kkjs ikuh dks ehBk djuk pkgrk gS] [ksrksa esa gfj;kyh ykuk pkgrk gS vkSj Lo;a dks 'khry cukuk pkgrk gSA og pkgrk gS fd bl /jrh ij dksbZ Hkh I;klk u jgs] xjeh ls ijs'kku yksxksa dks og ckny cudj jkgr nsuk pkgrk gSA blfy, og pkgrk gS fd mldh ek¡ mls ckny cuk nsa vkSj lqanj ia[k yxk nsaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) cPpk ek¡ ls mls ckny cuk nsus dh izkFkZuk dj jgk gSA

([k) og viuh ek¡ ls vius 'kjhj ij lqanj ia[k yxkus dks dg jgk gSA

(x) cPpk ek¡ ls dg jgk gS fd og mls mM+uk fl[kk nsA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iv) ikuh ehBk cukuk pkgrk gSA ([k) (ii) gfj;kyh (x) (ii) dksey 2- jgs u I;klk] iwQyksa osQ jkgh ij vk¡py eq>s

3- (d) (i) ckny cudj ,d cPpk [ksrksa esa gfj;kyh ykus dh ckr dj jgk gSA

(ii) ckny cudj oDrk [kqn dks 'khry cukus osQ fy, dg jgk gSA

(iii) [ksrksa esa gfj;kyh ykus ls iQly vPNh gksxh vkSj vuk”k dh deh u gksxhA

(iv) oDrk viuh ek¡ ls fourh dj jgk gSA

5 ek¡ ls fourh

29


([k) (i) dkys&dkys cknyksa dks ns[kdj iihgk izlUu gksdj cksyrk gSA

(ii) dkuksa esa jl dks;y ?kksyrh gS] D;ksafd mldh cksyh ehBh gksrh gS] ftls lqudj vPNk yxrk gSA

(iii) oDrk vius vkl&ikl osQ yksxksa vksj okrkoj.k esa [kq'kgkyh pkgrk gS blfy, ,slh bPNk djrk gSA

(iv) cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) ukuh ([k) Fky (x) [kkjk (?k) L;kgh@ekgh@'kkgh (Ä) [kq'kgkyh (p) /wy (N) rk'kk (t) cksys 2- (d) ckfj'k cjlkr ([k) ty uhj (x) es?k tyn (?k) uHk xxu (Ä) ekrk tuuh 3- (d) [kkjk ([k) cnlwjr@oqQ:i (x) xje (?k) dBksj (Ä) fujk'kk (p) lkSE;@fLFkj

30


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) D;k lkxj dk ikuh ihus osQ dke vkrk gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) lkxj dk ikuh cknyksa esa oSQls igq¡p tkrk gS\ le>kdj fyf[k,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ikuh dh deh ls ?kj osQ dkSu&ls dke izHkkfor gksrs gSa\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) D;k vki ikuh dh cpr djrs gSa\ ;fn gk¡] rks fdl izdkj\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) dfork dh ifDr;k¡ iwjh dhft,µ

frudk rd Hkh ---------------------------------------------]

------------------------------------------------------ ij vk'kk]

xjeh ls -------------------------------------------------- ij]

---------------------------------------------------- cuk ns ek¡!

31


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- o.kZ foPNsn dhft,µ 4

(d) ckny ¾ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ ---------

([k) 'khry ¾ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ ---------

(x) ckSNkjksa ¾ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ ---------

(?k) eq>dks ¾ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ --------- $ ---------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls orZeku dky osQ okD; cukb,µ 3

(d) lqanj µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) iihgk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) dksey µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- uhps nh xbZ oxZ igsyh esa ls lkFkZd 'kCn

32


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) ugha] lkxj dk ikuh [kkjk gksrk gSA og ihus osQ dke ugha vkrkA

([k) tc lwjt dh rst fdj.ksa ikuh ij iM+rh gSa rks ikuh Hkki cudj mM+ tkrk gS vkSj Åij

tkdj cw¡nsa de rkieku esa vkil esa tqM+dj ckny cu tkrh gSaA

(x) ikuh dh deh ls ?kj esa lHkh dke izHkkfor gksrs gSa_ tSlsµLuku djuk] diM+s /ksuk] lI+kQkbZ

djuk vkfnA

(?k) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

(Ä) frudk rd Hkh jgs u I;klk]

iwQyksa osQ gksBksa ij vk'kk]

xjeh ls rirs jkgh ij]

vk¡py eq>s cuk ns ek¡!

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) c~ $ vk $ n~ $ v $ y~ $ v

([k) 'k~ $ bZ $ r~ $ v $ y~ $ v

(x) c~ $ vkS $ N~ $ vk $ j~ $ vksa

(?k) e~ $ m $ >~ $ v $ o~Q $ vks

2- ([k) rktegy cgqr lqanj gSA

(x) iihgk cksy jgk gSA

(?k) fpfM+;k osQ ia[k dksey gksrs gSaA

3- (d) ckny ([k) [kkjk (x) dksey

(?k) ehBk (Ä) xjeh (p) lqanj

33


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB dk mn~ns'; Nk=kksa esa LokLF;] lI+kQkbZ] ns'k vkSj lekt&lsok dk Hkko fodflr djuk gSA

lkr lky dk eksfgr jsyos IysVI+kQkeZ ij gkFk esa idM+s f[kykSus ls [ksy jgk FkkA og vius nknkth osQ

lkFk jruiqj tk jgk FkkA Vªsu vkus esa vHkh vk/k ?kaVk ckdh FkkA eksfgr osQ f”kn djus ij nknkth us

mls osQys ysdj fn, vkSj le>k;k fd osQys dk fNydk iwjk er mrkjuk ojuk osQyk VwVdj fxj tk,xk

vkSj xans gkFkksa ls osQyk ugha [kkuk pkfg, D;ksafd xans gkFkksa esa dhVk.kq gksrs gSaA osQyk [kkus osQ ckn nknk

th us mls fNydk owQM+snku esa Mkyus osQ fy, dgkA mUgksaus le>k;k fd osQys dk fNydk b/j&m/j

isaQdus ls dksbZ Hkh ml ij fiQlydj fxj ldrk gSA eksfgr us nknk th dh lkjh ckrsa ekuh vkSj vius

nksLrksa dks Hkh ;g lc tkudkjh nsus dk fu'p; fd;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) eksfgr vius nknk th osQ lkFk esyk ns[kus jruiqj tk jgk FkkA

([k) nknk th jsyos IysVI+kQkeZ dh ,d csap ij cSBs FksA

(x) nknk th us fNydk owQM+snku esa isaQdus dks dgkA

(?k) ;k=kh eksfgr dh ckr lqudj g¡l iM+s D;ksafd mlus dgk fd Vªsu dh iVjh ij osQys osQ fNyosQ

gSa] vc oks Hkh fiQlydj fxj tk,xhA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (i) nknk th osQ lkFk

([k) (ii) vk/k ntZu

6 Vsªu fQly tk,xh

34


(x) (ii) xans gkFkksa esa dhVk.kq gksrs gSaA

(?k) (ii) 18 osQys

2- (d) (i) oDrk vkSj Jksrk jsyos IysViQkeZ ij jruiqj tkus okyh Vsªu dk bartkj dj jgs gSaA jsyos

IysViQkeZ ij vkus&tkus okys ;kf=k;ksa vkSj jsyxkfM+;ksa dh Nqd&Nqd èofu ls okrkoj.k

esa 'kksjxqy&lk epk gqvk gSA ogha Bsyksa ij f[kykSus] ew¡xiQyh vkSj osQys fcd jgs gSaA

(ii) oDrk eksfgr dks osQys cgqr ilan Fks blhfy, mlus vius nknk th ls osQys [kjhnus

dh f”kn dhA

(iii) gesa osQys dk fNydk ges'kk dwMs+nku esa isaQduk pkfg,A

(iv) osQys dk fNydk ;gk¡&ogk¡ isaQdus ls nq?kZVuk gks ldrh gS D;ksafd osQys dk fNydk

cgqr uje vkSj vanj ls fpduk gksrk gSA blhfy, iSj osQ ncko ls og fNydk ncdj

vkSj fpduk gks tkrk gS ftlosQ dkj.k ml ij iSj j[kus okyk fiQlydj fxj ldrk

gS] mls pksV Hkh yx ldrh gSA

([k) (i) osQys iosQ vkSj fpRrhnkj FksA mudh ehBh lqxa/ ;kf=k;ksa dks vkdf"kZr dj jgh FkhA

(ii) osQys jsyos IysVI+kQkeZ ij fcd jgs FksA

(iii) iosQ osQyksa esa LokLF; laca/h iks"kd rRoksa dh Hkjiwj ek=kk gksrh gSA osQyk ÅtkZ dk

cgqr vPNk Ïksr ekuk x;k gSA Fkdku gksus ij ;fn ,d osQyk [kk fy;k tk, rks

jDr esa Xyqdks”k dk Lrj c

35


(iii) dgkuh osQ ik=kksa osQ okrkZyki ls geus ;g lh[kk fd [kkrs&ihrs oDr gesa xans gkFkksa

ls ugha [kkuk pkfg, ojuk dhVk.kq gekjs isV esa igq¡pdj gesa chekj dj ldrs gSaA

fNyosQ okys iQyksa dks [kkus osQ ckn fNyosQ owQM+snku esa isaQdus pkfg,A gesa vius

cM+s&cqtqxks± dh ckr ekuuh pkfg, D;ksafd os gekjs 'kqHkfpard gksrs gSaA


Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) nknk] osQys ([k) osQyk (x) fNydk] owQM+snku

(?k) Vªsu (Ä) owQM+snku

2- (d) [ksy jgk Fkk ([k) tk jgk Fkk

(x) isaQd jgs Fks (?k) fxj tk,xh

3- jµ'kksjxqy] jruiqj] uje

µ ntZu] nq?kZVuk] flI+kZQ

36


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) eksfgr dh mez D;k Fkh\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) eksfgr nknk th osQ lkFk dgk¡ tk jgk Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ehBs osQyksa dh D;k igpku gksrh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) D;k xans gkFkksa osQ dhVk.kq gesa vk¡[kksa ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) dhVk.kq ge fdldh lgk;rk ls ns[k ldrs gSa\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

37


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) cspuk µ ------------------------- ([k) uhps µ -------------------------

(x) ehBh µ ------------------------- (?k) xank µ -------------------------

(Ä) lqxa/ µ ------------------------- (p) fe=k µ -------------------------

(N) idk µ ------------------------- (t) chekj µ -------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ka'kksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 3

(d) owQM+k Mkyus dk fMCck µ -------------------------

([k) ftldh xfr rhoz gks µ -------------------------

(x) tgk¡ jsyxkM+h [kM+h gksrh gS µ -------------------------

(?k) jsy;kf=k;ksa osQ bartkj djus dk LFkku µ -------------------------

(Ä) tgk¡ dhVk.kq u gksa µ -------------------------

(p) og ?kVuk ftlls uqdlku gks µ -------------------------

3- uhps fn, 'kCnksa esa ls lgh 'kCn osQ lkeus lgh () vkSj xyr osQ lkeus xyr () dk fu'kku yxkb,µ 3

(d) oqQM+knku ([k) lkcwu

(x) nq?kZVuk (?k) fdVk.kq

(Ä) Nhydk (p) chekj

38


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) eksfgr dh mez lkr lky FkhA

([k) eksfgr nknk th osQ lkFk jruiqj tk jgk FkkA

(x) ehBs osQys iosQ vkSj fpRrhnkj gksrs gSaA

(?k) ugha] xans gkFkksa osQ dhVk.kq gesa vk¡[kksa ls fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA

(Ä) dhVk.kq ge ekbØksLdksi dh lgk;rk ls ns[k ldrs gSaA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) [kjhnuk ([k) Åij (x) dM+oh (?k) lkI+kQ

(Ä) nqx±/ (p) 'k=kq (N) v/idk (t) LoLFk

2- (d) owQM+snku

([k) rhozxkeh

(x) jsyos IysVI+kQkeZ

(?k) izrh{kk?kj

(Ä) dhVk.kqjfgr

(p) nq?kZVuk

3- (d) ([k) (x)

(?k) (Ä) (p)

39


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB osQ ekè;e ls eksj osQ jgu&lgu] vknrksa] f'kdkj] Hkkstu vkfn osQ ckjs esa foLrkjiwoZd

crk;k x;k gSA eksj lalkj dk lcls lqanj] pedhys uhys jax dk i{kh gSA tuojh 1963 esa eksj dks Hkkjr

dk ^jk"Vªh; i{kh* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA eksj dk lkjk 'kjhj xgjs uhys&gjs rFkk pednkj jax dk gksrk gSA

bldh iw¡N yach] ?kuh] lqanj rFkk jax&fcjaxs ia[kksa okyh gksrh gSA blosQ flj ij ,d lqanj dyxh Hkh gksrh

gSA eksj dk ,d ia[k yxHkx 78 ls 90 bap dk gksrk gSA ;s m¡Qps isM+ksa ij viuk clsjk cukrs gSaA eksj

,dkarfiz; i{kh gSA bls VekVj] fepZ] osQys] ew¡xiQyh] /ku vkfn ilan gS] ijarq ;g ekalHk{kh osQ :i esa

tkuk tkrk gSA uqdlkunk;d dhV&iraxksa dks [kkus osQ dkj.k bls fdlkuksa dk fe=k dgk tkrk gSA jk"Vªh;

i{kh gksus osQ dkj.k eksj dk f'kdkj iw.kZr;k izfrcaf/r gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) eksj dh xjnu yach vkSj lqanj gksrh gSA ftldk uhyk e[keyh jax gksrk gSA

([k) eksj o"kkZ Írq esa iwjh eLrh osQ lkFk ukprk gSA tc ;g i{kh vius ia[k iSQykdj ukprk gS rks ,slk yxrk gS ekuksa dherh jRuksa ls tM+h 'kkgh iks'kkd iguh gksA

(x) eksj dk :i vkd"kZd gksrk gSA bls lalkj dk lcls lqanj i{kh ekuk x;k gSA ftldk lkjk 'kjhj xgjs uhys&gjs rFkk pednkj jax dk gksrk gSA

(?k) eksj osQ ia[k xgjs uhys&gjs rFkk pednkj jax osQ gksrs gSaA ia[kksa osQ chp esa pk¡n osQ vkdkj osQ fu'kku cus gksrs gSaA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (i) rhrj ([k) (iii) tuojh 1963 (x) (iv) dkfrZosQ; dk (?k) (iii) 78 ls 90 bap 2- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä)

7 jk"Vªh; i{kh&eksj

40


3- (d) (i) Hkkjr dk jk"Vªh; i{kh ^eksj* dks cuk;k x;kA tuojh 1963 esa bls jk"Vªh; i{kh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA

([k) (ii) eksj] rhrj ifjokj dk cM+k i{kh gSA

(x) (iii) eksj dks laLÑr esa ^e;wj* dgk tkrk gSA

(?k) (iv) gk¡! eSaus dbZ ckj eksj dks ns[kk gSA eksj dk izÑfr esa mruk gh egRRo gS ftruk vU; if{k;ksa dkA ;g ,dkarfiz; i{kh gSA bUgsa unh o tyÏksrksa osQ ikl okys taxy ilan gksrs gSaA

([k) (i) eksj dk ia[k Hkxoku Jh Ñ".k osQ eqoqQV dh 'kksHkk c

41


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) ^eksj* Hkkjr ns'k osQ vykok vU; fdl ns'k dk jk"Vªh; i{kh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) eksj fdl ifjokj dk i{kh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) eksj dk ,d ia[k yxHkx fdrus bap dk gksrk gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) eksj dk LoHkko vkSj mldh ilan crkb,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) Hkkjr ljdkj us eksj osQ laj{k.k osQ fy, D;k fu.kZ; fy;k gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

42


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ka'kksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 5

(d) uqdlku igq¡pkus okys µ --------------------------------------------------

([k) ftls ,dkar esa jguk ilan gks µ --------------------------------------------------

(x) lkr jaxksa ls cuk µ --------------------------------------------------

(?k) tks ekal Hk{k.k djrk gks µ --------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ftl dk;Z ij jksd yxkbZ xbZ gks µ --------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ 3

(d) jktk µ ------------------------- ([k) LoLFk µ -------------------------

(x) egy µ ------------------------- (?k) fe=k µ -------------------------

(Ä) r`Ir µ ------------------------- (p) lqanj µ -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnydj fyf[k,µ 2

(d) uj µ ------------------------- ([k) eksj µ -------------------------

(x) jktk µ ------------------------- (?k) xk; µ -------------------------

43


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) ̂ eksj* Hkkjr ns'k osQ vykok ^E;aekj* dk jk"Vªh; i{kh gSA

([k) eksj rhrj ifjokj dk i{kh gSA

(x) eksj dk ,d cM+k ia[k yxHkx 78 ls 90 bap dk gksrk gSA

(?k) eksj i{kh lewg esa jguk ilan djrs gSaaA mUgsa lqcg&lqcg ?kweuk] unh&rkykc&>juksa osQ ikuh

ls [ksyuk cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA bUgsa VekVj] fepZ] osQys] ew¡xiQyh] /ku vkfn ilan gSaA

(Ä) Hkkjrh; ljdkj us eksj osQ f'kdkj ij iw.kZr;k izfrca/ yxk;k gqvk gS rFkk bls Hkkjrh; oU;

tho laj{k.k vf/fu;e] 1972 osQ rgr iw.kZ laj{k.k fn;k x;k gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) uqdlkunk;d ([k) ,dkarfiz;

(x) baæ/uq"k (?k) ekalkgkjh

(Ä) izfrcaf/r

2- (d) jad ([k) vLoLFk

(x) oqQfV;k (?k) 'k=kq

(Ä) vr`Ir (p) oqQ:i

3- (d) ukjh ([k) eksjuh

(x) jkuh (?k) cSy

44


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB osQ ekè;e ls crk;k x;k gS fd euq"; viuh vDy vkSj cqn~f/ekuh ls cM+h&ls&cM+h ijs'kkfu;ksa ls ckgj fudy ldrk gSA ykyk th nqdku ls ykSVdj tc [kkuk [kkus cSBs rks mUgksaus pkj pksjksa dks vius ?kj esa ns[kkA mUgksaus /hjs ls yykbu dks ;g ckr crkbZ vkSj dgk fd og tks iwNsa mudk mRrj og ”kksj&”kksj ls nsA lcls igys ykyk th us iwNk fd mlus dherh gkj dgk¡ j[kk gS\ yykbu us crk;k fd cjkens esa dkyh g¡fM;k osQ uhpsA pksj ;g lqudj [kq'k gks x,A fiQj ykyk th us iwNk fd og vius gksus okys csVksa dk D;k uke j[ksxh\ yykbu us uke crk,A fiQj ykyk th o yykbu vius cPpksa osQ uke iqdkjus yxsµ¶'kadj] jkew] fdlu] tYnh vkvksA¸ ;s rhuksa ykyk th osQ ukSdj FksA os nkSM+s&nkSM+s vk, vkSj pksjksa dh ykfB;ksa ls [kwc fiVkbZ dhA Hkkxrs&Hkkxrs ,d pksj us gkj osQ ykyp esa g¡fM;k esa gkFk Mkyk rks mlesa j[ks ”kgjhys fcPNqvksa us mls Mad ekj fn;k vkSj og idM+k x;kA Fkkusnkj us mlls tkudkjh ysdj mlosQ vU; lkfFk;ksa dks Hkh idM+ fy;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) ykyk vkSj yykbu fn[kus esa eksVs&pkSM+s FksA nksuksa gh [+kq'kfny FksA

([k) muosQ ?kj esa pkj pksj ?kql vk, FksA

(x) ,d pksj dks ykyk osQ ukSdj 'kadj us idM+k FkkA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) [kkuk [kkus ([k) (iii) pksjksa dks (x) (iv) lHkh dks 2- (d) (i) ykyk th ,d eksVs&pkSM+s O;fDr Fks tks viuh iRuh osQ lkFk jgrs FksA mudk ?kj

Hkjk&iwjk FkkA fdlh ckr dh deh ugha FkhA ?kj osQ dkedkt vkSj lqj{kk osQ fy, muosQ rhu ukSdj Hkh FksA ykyk th [kq'k fny O;fDr Fks] lkFk&lkFk cqn~f/eku vkSj prqj HkhA

8 ykyk th dh prqjkbZ

45


(ii) jkr osQ le; ykyk th tc nqdku ls ykSVus osQ ckn gkFk&eq¡g /ksdj [kkuk [kkus cSBs] rc mUgsa ,slk yxk fd muosQ ?kj esa pksj ?kql vk, gSa] rHkh pkjksa pksjksa dks mUgksaus ns[k fy;kA

(iii) ?kj esa pkj pksjksa osQ ?kqlus dh ckr lqudj ykyk th dh iRuh jksus yxhA


([k) (i) pksjksa dks ykfB;ksa ls ykyk th osQ ukSdjksa us ihVkA muosQ uke Fksµ'kadj] jkew vkSj fdluA

(ii) ykyk&yykbu dh dksbZ larku u FkhA ij ykyk th vius gksus okys cPpksa dk uke ysdj iqdkjus yxs rc pksjksa dks mu ij cgqr g¡lh vk jgh Fkh ysfdu idM+s tkus osQ Mj ls os osQoy eqLdjkdj jg x,A

(iii) dkyh g¡fM;k esa tgjhys fcPNw FksA pksj us dherh gkj ikus osQ ykyp esa mlesa gkFk Mky fn;k vkSj fcPNqvksa dks idM+k rHkh fcPNqvksa us mls Mad ekj fn;kA ftlls mldh cqjh gkyr gks xbZA

(iv) pksjh djuk cqjk dke gSA bl dgkuh esa geus ;g ns[kk tks pksj ykyk th dh esgur ls dek, gq, /u dks pqjkuk pkgrs Fks] mudh fiVkbZ Hkh gqbZ] fcPNqvksa us Mad ekjk rFkk iqfyl okyksa us Hkh mUgsa tsy esa Mky fn;kA ;fn os pksjh u djrs rks mudh cnukeh Hkh u gksrh] u gh mUgsa l”kk dkVuh iM+rhA blfy, ge dg ldrs gSa] cqjs dke dk vatke Hkh cqjk gksrk gSA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) x`g lnu ([k) pkykd gksf'k;kj (x) jkf=k fu'kk (?k) lsod nkl (Ä) f'k'kq 'kkod (p) iq=k lqr 2- (d) fnu ([k) uhps (x) iryk (?k) mRrj (Ä) ew[kZ (p) xyr (N) rqPN (t) cM+s 3- (d) eq>s lksuk gSA vktdy lksuk cgqr eg¡xk gSA ([k) vkt ge fØosQV eSp esa gkj x,A eq>s iwQyksa dk ,d gkj pkfg,A (x) esgur dk iQy vPNk gksrk gSA eSa jks”k ,d iQy [kkrk gw¡A (?k) vkt esjk eu nq[kh gSA

og ,d eu xsgw¡ yk;kA

46


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) yykbu us dherh gkj osQ dkyh g¡fM;k esa j[ks gksus dh ckr D;ksa dgh\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) pksjksa ij ykfB;k¡ cjlrs gh mUgksaus D;k fd;k\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) D;k ykyk th cgqr prqj Fks\ Li"V dhft,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ykyk&yykbu dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) bl dgkuh ls vki D;k lh[krs gSa\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

47


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- uhps fn, 'kCnksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k vkSj fo'ks"; Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 6

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; (d) dherh gkj ---------------------------- ----------------------------

([k) prqj ykyk ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(x) m¡Qpk Loj ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(?k) dkyh g¡fM;k ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(Ä) pkj pksj ---------------------------- ----------------------------

(p) HkqyDdM+ yykbu ---------------------------- ----------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukdj fyf[k,µ 5

(d) prqj µ ---------------------------- ([k) m¡Qpk µ ----------------------------

(x) [kq'k µ ---------------------------- (?k) bZekunkj µ ----------------------------

(Ä) lqanj µ ----------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk okD; esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 4

(d) Hkud µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) [kq'kfny µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) vDy µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) lkuh µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

48


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) yykbu us dherh gkj osQ g¡fM;k esa j[ks gksus dh ckr blfy, dh rkfd tc dksbZ pksj gkj

osQ ykyp esa g¡fM;k esa gkFk Mkys rks mlesa j[ks ”kgjhys fcPNw mls dkV ysaA

([k) ykfB;k¡ cjlrs gh pksj cqjh rjg ?kk;y gksdj HkkxsA

(x) gk¡] ykykth cgqr prqj FksA viuh prqjkbZ ls mUgksaus viuk ?kj yqVus ls cpk fy;k vkSj

pksjksa dks Hkh idM+ok fn;kA

(?k) ykyk th vR;ar cqn~f/eku] /S;Z'khy o fuMj FksA pksjksa dks ns[kdj Hkh os ?kcjk, ugha cfYd

viuh cqn~f/ o prqjkbZ ls mUgsa idM+ok fn;kA yykbu Mjiksd FkhA pksjksa dk uke lqurs gh

og jksus yxh ijarq ykyk th osQ le>kus ij mlus Hkh lkgl ls dke fy;k vkSj pksjksa dks

idM+okus esa ykyk th dh iwjh enn dhA

(Ä) bl dgkuh ls ge ;g lh[krs gSa fd gesa eqlhcr osQ le; lkgl o /S;Z ls dke ysuk pkfg,A

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) dherh gkj ([k) prqj ykyk

(x) m¡Qpk Loj (?k) dkyh g¡fM;k

(Ä) pkj pksj (p) HkqyDdM+ yykbu

2- (d) prqjkbZ ([k) [kq'kh (x) lqanjrk

3- (d) eq>s vius ?kj esa canj dh Hkud yxhA

([k) esjk fe=k [kq'kfny gSA

(x) eqlhcr osQ le; gesa vDy ls dke ysuk pkfg,A

(?k) xk;u esa yrk eaxs'kdj dk dksbZ lkuh ugha gSA

49


vH;kl iz'u&i=&&2

1- (d) I;kl ([k) lqanjrk

(x) ¯prk (?k) eqLdjkgV

2- (d) deZ ([k) x`g

(x) /eZ (?k) Hkze

3- (d) lqanj ([k) ehBk

(x) uUgk (?k) dkyh

4- (d) frudk rd Hkh jgs u I;klk]

iwQyksa osQ gksaBksa ij vk'kkA

([k) ckny eq>s cuk ns ek¡!

lqanj ia[k yxk ns ek¡!

5- (d) cPpk ek¡ ls mM+uk fl[kkus dks dg jgk gSA

([k) eksj o"kkZ osQ le; ukp fn[kkrk gSA

(x) ykyk vkSj yykbu fn[kus esa eksVs&pkSM+s FksA nksuksa gh [kq'kfny FksA

(?k) ;k=kh eksfgr dh ckr lqudj g¡l iM+s D;ksafd mlus dgk fd Vªsu dh iVjh ij osQys osQ

fNyosQ gSa] vc oks Hkh fiQlydj fxj tk,xhA

50


lkjka'k

izLrqr dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us lnSo cPph cus jgdj ek¡ dk izse ikrs jgus dh bPNk O;Dr dh gS] rkfd og ges'kk viuh ek¡ dh xksn esa lks losQ vkSj mudk vk¡py idM+dj muosQ lkFk ?kwe losQA cPph dks yxrk gS fd cM+s gksus ij ek¡ mls u rks vius gkFkksa ls [kkuk f[kyk,xh vkSj u gh ifj;ksa dh ckrsa lquk,xh] blfy, og pkgrh gS fd og ges'kk cPph cuh jgs rkfd og ek¡ osQ vk¡py dh Nk;k esa jgdj mudk I;kj ikrh jgsA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) dfo lnSo cPph cus jgus dh bPNk blfy, O;Dr djrk gS D;ksafd og lnSo ek¡ dk izse ikrs jguk pkgrk gSA

([k) cPph ek¡ dh xksn esa lksuk pkgrh gSA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (ii) rkfd og lnSo ek¡ osQ lkFk jgsA

([k) (iv) D;ksafd mls Mj gS fd og viuh ek¡ dk I;kj [kks nsxhA 2- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) (p) 3- (d) (i) mi;qZDr dFku ,d uUgh cPph viuh ek¡ osQ ckjs esa dg jgh gSA

(ii) oDrk] Jksrk osQ lkFk fcrk, cpiu osQ fnuksa dks ;kn djrh gS fd tc og NksVh Fkh] rks viuh ek¡ dh xksn esa lksrh FkhA ek¡ dk vk¡py idM+dj ;gk¡&ogk¡ fiQjrh jgrhA oDrk dh ek¡ mldk eq[k /qykdj] vius gkFkksa ls [kkuk f[kykrh FkhA mls lkI+kQ&lqFkjk dj] gkFk esa f[kykSuk Fkek nsrhA mlosQ ckn mls ifj;ksa dh dgkuh lqukrhA

9 eSa lcls NksVh gksÅ¡

51


(iii) cM+s gks tkus osQ ckn ek¡ dk Lusg mruk ugha fey ikrk ftruk NksVs jgus ij feyrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd oDrk osQ eu esa ;g dYiuk mRiUu gksrh gS fd og lcls NksVh gksdj viuh ek¡ dk Lusg iqu% ik losQA

(iv) Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa osQ vuqHko osQ vuqlkjA

([k) (i) ek¡ osQ vk¡py esa fNis jgus dh ckr gks jgh gSA

(ii) cPph viuh ek¡ osQ vk¡py esa fuMj vkSj fcuk fdlh ykyp osQ fNis jguk pkgrh gSA

(iii) ^paæksn;* dk vFkZ gSµpk¡n dk fudyukA

(iv) ^ek¡* dk gekjs thou esa cM+k egRRo gSA ftl rjg bl dfork esa yM+dh fiQj ls vius cpiu esa ykSVdj] cPph cudj ek¡ dh eerk ikuk pkgrh gSA mlls Li"V gS fd ek¡ osQ ikl jgus esa tks lq[k izkIr gksrk gS og mlls nwj tkus esa izkIr ugha gksrkA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) v¡py ([k) jkr (x) dj (?k) eq[k (Ä) lnk (p) Lusg 2- (d) cM+h ([k) NksVk (x) tkxuk (?k) nq[kn (Ä) cw

52


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) ^eSa lcls NksVh gksm¡Q* uked dfork osQ jpf;rk dk uke fyf[k,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) NksVh gksdj cPph D;k djuk pkgrh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) cPph viuh ek¡ osQ ckjs esa D;k&D;k crkrh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) cM+s gksdj cPph dks D;k [kksus dk Mj gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) vkidks vius cpiu dh dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa vPNh yxrh gSa\ dksbZ nks ckrsa fyf[k,A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

53


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft,µ 4

(d) ek¡ lq[kn ifj;ksa dh ckrsa crkrh gSA ([k) fp=k esa ,d lqanj vkSjr vkSj ,d NksVh yM+dh gSA (x) yM+dh us uhyh izQkWd iguh gSA (?k) os nksuksa gjs&Hkjs fo'kky isM+ osQ ikl [kM+s gSaA

2- lgh rqd okys 'kCnksa dk feyku dhft,µ 2

(d) gksm¡Q (i) lkFk

([k) fuHkZ; (ii) lksm¡Q

(x) gkFk (iii) xkr

(?k) ckr (iv) paæksn;

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) ek¡ µ ------------------------- -------------------------

([k) gkFk µ ------------------------- -------------------------

54


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) ̂ eSa lcls NksVh gksm¡Q* uked dfork osQ jpf;rk ^lqfe=kkuanu iar* gSaA

([k) NksVh gksdj cPph viuh ek¡ dh xksn esa lksuk pkgrh gS rFkk viuh ek¡ osQ vk¡py dh Nk;k

esa jgdj lnk mudk I;kj ikuk pkgrh gSA

(x) cPph crkrh gS fd cpiu esa ek¡ mls ges'kk vius lkFk j[krh gS] mls ugk&/qykdj rS;kj

djrh gS] vius gkFkksa ls [kkuk f[kykrh gS rFkk ifj;ksa dh dgkuh lqukrh gS ijarq cM+k gksus

ij ,slk ugha djrhA

(?k) cM+s gksdj cPph dks viuh ek¡ dk izse [kksus dk Mj gSA

(Ä) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) lq[kn ([k) lqanj] NksVh (x) uhyh (?k) gjs&Hkjs] fo'kky

2- (d) gksm¡Q (ii) lksm¡Q

([k) fuHkZ; (iv) paæksn;

(x) gkFk (i) lkFk

(?k) ckr (iii) xkr

3- (d) ekrk tuuh ([k) dj gLr

55


lkjka'k

e;kZnkjke vius U;k; osQ fy, uxj&Hkj esa izfln~/ FksA mlh uxj esa pkj O;kikjh feydj #bZ dk

O;kikj djrs FksA #bZ dh cksfj;ksa dks pwgksa osQ dkVus ls cpkus osQ fy, mUgksaus ,d fcYyh ikyhA ftlosQ

,d&,d ik¡o dks ,d&,d O;kikjh us pqu fy;kA ,d ckj fcYyh dh ,d Vk¡x esa cM+h xgjh pksV yxus

ij] ml Vk¡x osQ fgLls okys O;kikjh us ml ij rsy&fyiVk diM+k ck¡/ fn;kA ,d fnu ml diM+s esa

vkx yx xbZ vkSj fcYyh osQ cspSu gksdj b/j&m/j Hkkxus ij #bZ dh cksfj;k¡ tydj [kkd gks xb±A VwVh

Vk¡x osQ fgLls okys O;kikjh ls gjtkuk fnyokus osQ fy,] ckdh rhu O;kikfj;ksa us e;kZnkjke ls I+kQfj;kn

dhA e;kZnkjke us I+kSQlyk lquk;k fd VwVh Vk¡x ls rks fcYyh Hkkx gh ugha ldrh FkhA vU; rhu Vk¡xksa

ls Hkkxus osQ dkj.k gh uqdlku gqvk gSA vr% rhuksa O;kikjh gjtkuk nsaxsA VwVh Vk¡x dk fgLlsnkj O;kikjh

e;kZnkjke dh lw{e cqn~f/ dh thou Hkj iz'kalk djrk jgkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) e;kZnkjke vius U;k; osQ fy, izfln~/ FksA

([k) ,d fnu fcYyh dh ,d Vk¡x esa cM+h xgjh pksV yxhA

(x) O;kikjh us e;kZnkjke dh lw{e cqn~f/ dh iz'kalk dhA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) pkj

([k) (ii) lksus dk dM+k

(x) (i) vkx yxus ls 2- (d) (i) e;kZnkjke vius U;k; osQ fy, uxj&Hkj esa izfln~/ FksA mUgksaus tk¡p&iM+rky djosQ

var esa iSQlyk lquk;k fd fcYyh osQ nkSM+us ls cksfj;ksa esa tks vkx yxh] mlosQ fy,

10 VwVh Vk¡x dk QSlyk

56


VwVh Vk¡x ugha] cfYd vU; O;kikfj;ksa osQ fgLlksa esa vkbZ rhuksa Vk¡xsa ftEesnkj gSa blfy, tks uqdlku gqvk gS] mldk gj”kkuk rhuksa O;kikfj;ksa dks nsuk gksxkA

(ii) fcYyh dh Vk¡x esa diM+k ml Vk¡x osQ fgLls okys O;kikjh us ck¡/k Fkk D;ksafd ml Vk¡x esa fcYyh dks xgjh pksV yxh FkhA

(iii) lHkh O;kikjh ;g fu.kZ; lqudj nax jg x,A VwVh Vk¡x dk fgLlsnkj O;kikjh cgqr [kq'k gqvk ckdh osQ rhu O;kikfj;ksa dks gj”kkus dk /u nsuk iM+kA

(iv) bl dgkuh esa fcYyh dh VwVh Vk¡x dh o”kg ls gh uqdlku gqvk Fkk] ijarq iSQlys osQ vuqlkj uqdlku esa VwVh Vk¡x dh dksbZ Hkwfedk u FkhA blfy, dgkuh dh jkspdrk n'kkZus osQ fy, bldk 'kh"kZd ^VwVh Vk¡x dk iSQlyk* j[kk x;k gSA

([k) (i) fcYyh Hkkx jgh FkhA

(ii) fcYyh dh VwVh gqbZ Vk¡x ij rsy ls fyiVk diM+k c¡/k gqvk FkkA ,d fnu fcYyh vkx osQ ikl ls xq”kj jgh Fkh rHkh mldh VwVh Vk¡x ij fyiVs diM+s esa vkx yx xbZA

(iii) fcYyh osQ iSj esa c¡/s diM+s esa vkx yx xbZ Fkh] ml vkx dh xjeh ls fcYyh cspSu FkhA

(iv) fcYyh osQ #bZ dh xBfj;ksa ij b/j&m/j Hkkxus osQ dkj.k vkx dh yiVksa ls #bZ dh cksfj;k¡ tydj jk[k gks xb±A

(x) (i) rhuksa O;kikjh e;kZnkjke th dk iSQlyk lqudj nax jg x,A

(ii) os O;kikjh gj”kkus dk /u ikus dh mEehn esa vk, FksA

(iii) lkjh #bZ dh cksfj;ksa osQ ty tkus ls mudks cgqr uqdlku gqvk Fkk Åij ls e;kZnkjke osQ iSQlys osQ dkj.k mUgsa gj”kkus osQ rkSj ij ml pkSFks O;kikjh dks /u Hkh nsuk iM+kA

(iv) bl ikB ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd e;kZnkjke tSls cqn~f/eku O;fDr;ksa dh lw>&cw> ls vU;k; dks U;k; esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA vr% euq"; esa le>nkjh dk gksuk vko';d gSA lkFk&lkFk ge ;g Hkh lh[krs gSa fd gesa vius fe=k osQ lkFk èkks[kk djus dh dksf'k'k ugha djuh pkfg,A

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) ik¡o iSj ([k) xzh"e m"ek

(x) cw

57


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) fcYyh dks ikyus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) mu O;kikfj;ksa dk fcYyh osQ lkFk oSQlk O;ogkj Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) VwVh Vk¡x esa vkx oSQls yx xbZ\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) fcYyh osQ vykok vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls tkuoj ?kj esa ikys tk ldrs gSa\ uke fy[ksaA -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) e;kZnkjke osQ LFkku ij vki gksrs rks vki D;k I+kSQlyk lqukrs\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

58


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr ok D;ksa esa vk, loZukeksa osQ uhps js[kk [khafp,µ 4

(d) ml Vk¡x ij mlus diM+k ck¡/ fn;kA

([k) mldk gjtkuk mUgsa nsuk iM+kA

(x) og] mudh iz'kalk djus yxkA

(?k) mUgksaus] eq>s crk;k FkkA


(d) xjeh µ ------------------------- ([k) Hkkjh µ -------------------------

(x) uxj µ ------------------------- (?k) badkj µ -------------------------

(Ä) U;k; µ ------------------------- (p) [kksuk µ -------------------------

(N) iz'kalk µ ------------------------- (t) vkx µ -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr LFkkuksa esa lgh dkjd&fpg~u Hkfj,µ 2

(d) os vius U;k; ------------------------- uxj&Hkj esa izfln~/ FksA

([k) #bZ dh cksfj;ksa dks pwgksa ------------------------- dkV fn;kA

(x) fcYyh ------------------------- ,d Vk¡x esa cM+h xgjh pksV yxhA

(?k) lHkh mldh cqn~f/ ------------------------- iz'kalk djrs FksA

59


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) #bZ dh cksfj;ksa dks pwgksa osQ dkVus ls cpkus osQ fy, fcYyh ikyh xbZA

([k) O;kikjh fcYyh dks cM+s ykM+&I;kj ls ikyrs&ikslrs FksA mUgksaus vius&vius fgLls osQ ik¡o

esa mls lksus dk dM+k vkfn Hkh I;kj ls iguk;kA

(x) VwVh Vk¡x dks Bhd djus osQ fy, ml Vk¡x osQ fgLlsnkj O;kikjh us ml ij rsy&fyiVk

diM+k ck¡èk fn;k FkkA ,d fnu tc fcYyh vkx osQ ikl ls xq”kj jgh Fkh rks VwVh Vk¡x esa

vkx yx xbZA

(?k) fcYyh osQ vykok oqQRrk] [kjxks'k] rksrk vkfn tkuoj ?kj esa ikys tk ldrs gSaA

(Ä) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) ml] mlus ([k) mldk] mUgsa (x) og] mudh (?k) mUgksaus] eq>s

2- (d) ljnh ([k) gydk (x) xk¡o (?k) bdjkj (Ä) vU;k; (p) iku (N) ̄unk (t) ikuh

3- (d) osQ fy, ([k) us (x) dh (?k) dh

60


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB esa isM+&ikS/ksa osQ egRRo osQ fo"k; esa crk;k x;k gSA fdlh xk¡o esa ,d e”knwj dk csVk ;'k viuh >ksaiM+h osQ ikl fLFkr ,d fo'kky o`{k osQ uhps [ksyk djrk FkkA isM+ Hkh ckyd ls cgqr I;kj djrk FkkA cM+s gksus ij ;'k osQ [ksy cny x, vkSj og isM+ osQ ikl cgqr de tkus yxkA ,d fnu ;'k n~okjk isM+ ls iSls ek¡xus ij mlus ;'k dks vius iQy cspdj #i;s ysus osQ fy, dgkA fiQj ;'k us viuk ?kj cukus osQ fy, isM+ dh lkjh Mkfy;k¡ dkV MkyhaA izkS

61


3- (d) (i) mi;qZDr vorj.k esa ^og* ;'k osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ;'k ,d xjhc e”knwj

dk csVk FkkA tks fdlh xk¡o esa ,d >ksiM+h esa jgrk FkkA

(ii) isM+ ;'k dh >ksiM+h osQ ikl fLFkr FkkA

(iii) isM+ ls tc Hkh ml cPps us oqQN ek¡xk] mlus mls iwjk fd;kA ;'k us tc isM+ ls /u

ek¡xk rc mlus mls vius iosQ&iosQ iQy cspus osQ fy, fn,A ;'k dk ?kj cukus osQ

fy, isM+ us viuh Vgfu;k¡ nh FkhA bl rjg isM+ us ges'kk ;'k dh enn dhA

(iv) isM+ gesa Nk;k gh ugha nsrs cfYd iznwf"kr ok;q dks 'kqn~/ djosQ i;kZoj.k dh lgk;rk

djrs gSaA isM+ksa ls gesa vufxur ykHk gksrs gSaA isM+ksa ls ?kj dh oqQjlh&es”k] lksI+ksQ]

l”kkoVh lkeku vkfn cuk, tkrs gSaA isM+ ls gesa rk”ks iQy] lfC”k;k¡] esos vkfn [kkus

dks feyrs gSaA buls nokb;k¡ Hkh cukbZ tkrh gSaA 'kqn~~/ ok;q osQ lsou ls gekjk thou

jksxeqDr gks tkrk gSA isM+ u flI+kZQ euq";ksa osQ fy, oju~ i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ fy, Hkh

ojnku gSaA

([k) (i) isM+ us vius fe=k dks nksckjk ik fy;k Fkk] ;gh mldh izlUurk dk dkj.k FkkA

(ii) isM+ dk fe=k ;'k FkkA nksckjk ikus dk vFkZ gS fd cpiu esa ;'k ml fo'kky isM+ ls

cgqr izse djrk FkkA mldh 'kk[kkvksa esa >wyrk] mlosQ iQy [kkrk] Fkdus ij isM+ dh

Nk;k esa lks tkrkA tc ;'k cM+k gksus yxk rks og isM+ osQ ikl de vkus yxkA fiQj

vkSj cM+k gksus ij mlls oqQN u oqQN ek¡xus vkrk vkSj fiQj mls Hkwy tkrkA o`n~/

gksus ij ;'k dks viuh xyrh dk vglkl gqvk vkSj mlosQ eu esa iqu% vius fe=k

isM+ osQ izfr izse Hkko tkx mBk FkkA

(iii) ikS/s jksius ls rkRi;Z gS ¶u, ikS/ksa dks thou nsuk¸A------(cPps viuk vuqHko fy[ksaxsA)

(iv) ;fn i`Foh ij isM+ u gks rks leLr tho/kfj;ksa dh vk;q ?kVdj de gks tk,xhA yksx

LoLFk u jg ik,¡xsA nokb;ksa osQ vHkko esa pkjksa vksj chekjh iSQy tk,xhA i;kZoj.k dks

larqfyr djus okys] o"kkZ Írq dks ykus okys] izÑfr osQ laj{kd isM+ksa osQ fcuk thou

vlaHko gksxkA

4- (d) ;'k ([k) isM+ (x) Mkfy;k¡

(?k) f'kdk;r (Ä) i'pkrki

5- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä)

62


Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) tkfrokpd ([k) tkfrokpd

(x) tkfrokpd (?k) tkfrokpd

(Ä) tkfrokpd (p) O;fDrokpd

2- (d) foVi o`{k ([k) p{kq u;u

(x) yM+dk cPpk (?k) iq"i lqeu

(Ä) l[kk ca/q (p) iou lehj

3- (d) nsrs jgrs gSa ([k) djrs gSa

(x) djrs gSa (?k) dkV MkyhaA

(Ä) yxk,A

4- (d) ykfyR; fuR;

([k) la;qDr fojDr

(x) LoLFk rVLFk

(?k) fu'p; i'pkrki

63


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) fo'kky isM+ dgk¡ fLFkr Fkk\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ;'k vkSj isM+ dh fe=krk oSQls gqbZ\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) cM+s gksus ij ;'k isM+ dks Hkwyus yxk Fkk] D;ksa\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ;'k us isM+ dh lkjh Mkfy;k¡ D;ksa dkV Mkyh\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) bl dgkuh dk 'kh"kZd ^ijksidkjh isM+* j[kk x;k gS\ D;k vkidh ǹf"V esa ;g lgh gS\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

64


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls okD; cukb,µ 4

(d) >ksaiM+h µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) e”knwj µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) yqdk&fNih µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) izk;f'pr µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa lgh fojke&fpg~u yxkdj iqu% fyf[k,µ 4

(d) D;k rqe eq>s oqQN iSls ns ldrs gks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vjs esjs ikl /u dgk¡ ls vk,xk -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) cl bruh lh ckr gS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ;'k vkvks esjh Mkfy;ksa ij >wydj [ksyks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(d) lPpk µ ------------------------- ([k) xjhc µ -------------------------

(x) /uh µ ------------------------- (?k) izlUu µ -------------------------

65


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

� (d) fo'kky isM+ xjhc e”knwj dh >ksaiM+h osQ ikl fLFkr FkkA

([k) ;'k isM+ osQ uhps gh [ksyrk] mlosQ rus ij pksaiM+h cukbZA

([k) e”knwj esgurh gksrs gSaA

(x) eSaus viuh cfgu osQ lkFk yqdk&fNih dk [ksy [ksykA

(?k) gesa viuh xyrh dk izk;f'pr vo'; djuk pkfg,A

2- (d) D;k rqe eq>s oqQN iSls ns ldrs gks\

([k) vjs! esjs ikl /u dgk¡ ls vk,xk\

(x) cl] bruh&lh ckr gS!

(?k) ;'k! vkvks] esjh Mkfy;ksa ij >wydj [ksyksA

3- (d) >wBk ([k) vehj (x) fu/Zu

(?k) [kjhnuk (Ä) vizlUu

66


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB esa fctyh dh [kkst rFkk mldh mi;ksfxrk osQ fo"k; esa crk;k x;k gSA vktdy yxHkx lHkh dke fctyh ls gksrs gSaA cM+s&cM+s cSad] I+kSQDVfj;k¡] e'khusa] jsyxkfM+;k¡] oaQI;wVj] fizQt lHkh fctyh ls pyrs gSaA vesfjdh oSKkfud csatkfeu izSaQdfyu us vius iz;ksx osQ vk/kj ij crk;k fd vkdk'k esa pedus okyh fctyh vkSj /jrh dh fctyh] nksuksa esa dksbZ varj ugha gSA blosQ ckn fnlacj 1879 esa FkkWel vYok ,Mhlu us fctyh osQ cYc dk vkfo"dkj dj fctyh osQ {ks=k esa Økafrdkjh [kkst dhA mUgksaus fctyh dk ia[kk o vU; yxHkx nks lkS ph”kksa dh [kkst dhA fctyh ftruk vkjke nsrh gS] lko/ku u jgus ij mruh gh gkfu Hkh igq¡pkrh gS] blfy, fctyh dk bLrseky l¡Hkydj djuk pkfg,A

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) eEeh dks yxk fd ?kj esa fdlh us fctyh can dj nh gS] blhfy, mUgsa xqLlk vk;kA

([k) ,Mhlu us fctyh osQ cYc vkSj ia[ks dk vkfo"dkj fd;k FkkA

(x) fctyh ls NsM+NkM+ djus ij og gesa uqdlku igq¡pk ldrh gSA

(?k) csatkfeu izSaQdfyu vesfjdk osQ ,d izfln~/ oSKkfud FksA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (i) csatkfeu izSaQdfyu us

([k) (iii) FkkWel vYok ,Mhlu us

(x) (ii) vesfjdk 2- (d) v¡/sjk ([k) jsyxkfM+;k¡ (x) fctyh] /jrh (?k) csatkfeu izSaQdfyu 3- (d) (i) cPpksa dks ;g tkudj gSjkuh gksxh fd vkdk'k esa pedus okyh fctyh vkSj /jrh

dh fctyh esa dksbZ varj ughaA

12 fctyh

67


(ii) /jrh dh fctyh dk mi;ksx gj {ks=k esa gksrk gSA vktdy yxHkx lHkh dke fctyh ls gksrs gSaA cM+h&cM+h iSQDVfj;k¡] e'khusa] jsyxkfM+;k¡] tujsVj] fyÝV rFkk ?kj esa Vsyhfotu] oaQI;wVj] feDlj] ekbØksoso] fizQt vkfn lHkh fctyh ij fuHkZj gSaA

(iii) vkdk'k esa fctyh pedus dk eq[; dkj.k gS cknyksa dk vkil esa VdjkukA vkil esa Vdjkus ls tks ?k"kZ.k gksrk gS mlh ls fctyh pedrh gSA ;g vDlj ckfj'k osQ ekSle esa gksrk gSA ?ku?kksj xtZuk osQ ckn fctyh dM+dus yxrh gSA

(iv) ekuo dh v¡/sjh nqfu;k esa FkkWel vYok ,Mhlu us cYc dk vkfo"dkj djosQ jks'kuh Hkj nhA bUgksaus fctyh osQ {ks=k esa Økafrdkjh [kkst dh 'kq:vkr dhA fnlacj 1879 esa FkkWel vYok ,Mhlu us cYc dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA fctyh dk ia[kk Hkh lcls igys ,Mhlu us gh cuk;k FkkA ,Mhlu us yxHkx nks lkS vU; ph”kksa dh [kkst Hkh dhA

([k) (i) fctyh osQ ;a=k euq"; dh lqfo/k osQ fy, gh cuk, x, gSaA ?kaVksa dk dke feuVksa esa iwjk gks tkrk gSA fctyh u gksrh rks Vhúohú Hkh u gksrkA vkl&ikl tks fctyh ls pyus okyh e'khusa gSa] mUgsa euq"; dk thou vkjkenk;d cukus osQ fy, gh cuk;k x;k gSA

(ii) fctyh gesa gkfu rc igq¡pkrh gS] tc mlosQ [kqys rkjksa dks Li'kZ fd;k tk,A mu rkjksa dks Li'kZ djus ls mlesa cgus okyh fon~;qr /kjk dk izos'k Li'kZ djus okys osQ 'kjhj esa gks tkrk gSA ftlls 'kjhj dks rhoz >Vdk yxrk gS vFkok ml tho/kjh dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA

(iii) gekjs vkl&ikl dh vf/drj oLrq,¡ fctyh ls pyrh gSa_ tSlsµia[kk] cYc]V~;wcykbV] Vsyhfo”ku] oaQI;wVj] xh”kj] ekbØksoso] fizQt] okWf'kax e'khu] ,úlhú] fM'k okW'kj] feDlj] twlj] izsl] Mksjcsy] jsfM;ks] E;wftd flLVe] jksVh esdj vkfnA


4- (d) ([k) (x) (?k)

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) mtkyk ([k) ej.k (x) ubZ (?k) xje (Ä) ikrky (p) cklh 2- (d) e'khusa ([k) clsa (x) rkjsa (?k) jsyxkfM+;k¡ (Ä) eksecfRr;k¡ (p) lfC”k;k¡ 3- (d) esa ([k) ls] ls (x) dks

(?k) dh] dk (Ä) osQ] dks

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(d) fctyh osQ u gksus ij ge D;k&D;k tykdj jks'kuh mRiUu djrs gSa\ -----------------------------

sarika-04 (work book) - saraswati house material... · 2018. 7. 3. · 5 e:\e drive...

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