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By: Dr. Pancha janya Kumar. Deevi. 1st Year P.G.Scholar Sarvendriyanam nayanam pradhanam-An introspection.

IntroductionAnatomical AspectsPhysiological AspectsPathological AspectsTherapeuticsSocial & Preventive AspectsLiterary AspectsMythological AspectsSympathy Towards BlindConclusion

Contents

It is proved that 80% of knowledge was gain through vision. The proverb was not described in Bhrihatrayee .Vagbhata quoted A man with out vision is like an Insect( Kudya).

It infers their awareness about importance of eye in those days.The remaining all aspects are described in detail. The proverb was given in Neeti Satakam about four most important ones in life by chanakya.

Introduction

Sarvasya gatrasya sirah pradhanam Sarvendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam Shannam rasanam lavanam pradhanam Bhavet paneeyan udakam prdhanam. Head is important among the body. Eyes Are Important Among All Senses.Salt is important among 6 tastes water is important among liquids. Introduction

Eye is highly Sensitive Organ in the body eg: A dust particle create severe irritation.It is supplied by End Arteries.

It is continued by Optic Nerve (2nd Cranial Nerve.).It has direct contact with Meningeal Layers Of Brain.It has two Avascular Structures (Cornea & Lens).It is beautiful anatomically.

Anatomical Aspects

In Ayurveda Acharya Susruta described anatomy of eye in detail 1.Size & Shape 2.Pancha Maha Bhutas Vs. Eye

Anatomical Aspects

3. 7 Dhatus Vs. Eye

Anatomical AspectsRasa Eye Lids, Cornea, Tears, Aqueous Humour.Rakata

Vascular Coat Of Eye.Mamsa

Intra And Extra Ocular Muscles.Medas

Lens, Vitreous Humour, Fat In The Orbital Cavity.AsthiBones Of Orbital Cavity, Part Of Naso Lacrimal Duct, Nervous Coat.

Majja

Eye Lashes, Eye Brows, Excreta Of Eye.Sukra

Luster Of Eye, Oiliness Over Eye Lids, Strength Of Eye.4. Mandala-Sandhi- Patala (Layer-Joint-Segment) Mandalas- 5, sandhis-6, patalas-6 in number.Diseases of mandalas are described separately.Disease of sandhis are described as a whole.Patala gata diseases described under vartma gata , drishti gata, sandhi gata diseases.Sadhya- Sadhyata described based on depth of Patala.eg: linganasa 4th Patala.Siras to the eye are passages of its pathogens. Vagbhata says2 siras of foot have their course up to eye, by which applied sneha reaches to eye.

Anatomical Aspects

Eye Works Like A Camera lids as shutterCornea & lens as focusing systemIris as diaphragmChoroid as darkened interior Retina as light sensitive plate of camera respectively.Visual Path Way - Cornea Aqueous Humour Pupil Lens Vitreous Humour Retina Optic Nerve Optic Chiasma Optic Tract Lateral Geniculate Body Optic Radiations Visual Cortex.Physiological Aspects

According to Ayurveda kriya Sharira among the(3x 5 v.p.k.) 15 8 are present in eye.

Physiological Aspects VataPittaKaphaPrana- Dharana

Ranjaka- Chromatophores Of Iris, Pigmented Layer Of Retina.Tarpaka- Aqueous & Vitreous Humor , Tears.Udana- Bala, SmritiBhrajaka- Lids, Cornea, Lens.Sleshmaka- Between 6 Sandhis In EyeVyana- Unmesha Nimesha

Alochaka - Rods & Cones Of Retina.------The other 4 sense organs depend on vision & its previous memory to fulfill their functions.

Physiological Aspects HearIt Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Tabala/Key Pad SmellIt Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Jasmine Flower / Jasmine Essence.

Taste It Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Sweet / Imitations.

TouchIt Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Thorn / Needle.

Eye diseases are more in number than other organs eg: Susruta-76, Vagbhata -94.Systemic Diseases shows signs & symptoms in eye.Pathological Aspects1.Fever Redness & Watering2.Osteogenesis ImperfectaBluish Sclera 3.Vit.A DeficiencyBitot Spots4. Syphilis Argylrobert Son Pupil5. Hyper LipidemiaXanthelasma6. JaundiceYellowish Discoloration Of Sclera

Eye examination gives a quick diagnosis. Among Ayurvedic examinations( 3,5,8,) Darshana pariksha given importance eg:

Birth To Death in diagnosis Darshana Pariksha plays key role.eg: APGAR score, Neurology, Radiology, Histology.. etc.

Pathological Aspects1. Mutra ParikshaShapes Of Taila Bindu2. Mala Pariksha Colour, Biounsy3. Ano Rectal ExaminationArsho Yantra Veekshana.4. Twak

Eka Kushta, Sidhma Kushta etc

5. VranaSrava Varna ( Colour Of Discharge)

Acharya Susruta said Nidana Parivarjana is the 1st line of treatment.The eye treatments are very special & effective.Netra Kriya kalpas- local procedure to eye ,the medicine is dispersed instantly to the effected eye.

Surgical & Para Surgical treatments depending on site and stage of disease eg: Arma.Systemic medications as treatment & prevention eg: Myopia. Therapeutics

The Ophthalmic drugs & formulations are having all 4 properties of Oushada.

Pancha Karma therapies indicated in eye diseases as purva karmas.Treating Through Eye give good results in some diseases eg: shira shoola, kamala..etc.Therapeutics 1. Single drugsAgastya Patra, Sigrupatra ,Amalaki .2. Anjanam varthi/ gutikaChandrodaya Varthi, Nayana Sukha Varthi.3. KashayamVasakadi Kashayam, Akshbeejadi Kashayam.4. GhritamPatoladi Ghritam, Jivantyadi Ghritam.5. TailamTiladi Tailam, Anu Tailam.6. Vati Nayanamrita Loham.

Eye(Vision) plays a vital role in professionals

Drishta Karma- the 3rd important quality of physician will fulfill only by having good vision.Social & Preventive Aspects1. Doctors For Diagnosing & Treating2. Engineers For Planning & Constructing3. Drivers To Drive Safely To Destination4. Investigator To Get Clues/ Evidences Pertaining To Death5. SoldierTo Safe Guard The Country From Enemies etc

World is Digitalizing in every field eg: e-schools. The Pollution & Radiation are increasing .Preventive Measures to maintain good vision-

Periodical Ophthalmic Consultation is becoming mandatory.

Social & Preventive AspectsEye ExercisesTo Prevent Early Refractive Errors In Adults.Eye Wash To Clean Pathway Of VisionNetra Rasayana

To Prevent Early Degeneration

DinacharyaAnjanam- Pada Abhyanga- Siro Abhyanga- Padatra Dharana- Chatra Dharana..etc.

Eye is the only organ to have a Upanishad by its name- Chakshushya Upanishad .Indian writers used eye as a tool to Praise Beauty of a person eg: PadmakshaNaming the person with the name of eye eg: Meenakshi, Sarasijakshi, Kamakshi.Psychological State of hero /villain was narrated by the expression of eye eg: Ugra Netrudu, Bashpa Netrudu.Literary Aspects

Law include Eye witness as important evidence.

Jesus Christ said eyes are focus lights of brain.In good qualities of a doctor an Eagle Eye (In Diagnosis) was described.

Future Project named with vision eg: vision 2020Literary Aspects

The sun is deity of eye by praying & offerings to him gives good vision. Lord Siva called by name trinetrudu.Chanting the names of Aswinis, sukanya, chyavana, etc sages improves vision. Getting control over eye one can open Gnana Netra, they will get Atma gnana & Kala gnana eg: Vivekananda, Valmiki etc.Mythological Aspects

INDIA is the 1st Nation started National program to control blindness in the year 1976.

Sir C.P. Brown who invented Brailey Script for the welfare of blind persons eg: Civils Winner From Chennai-Nl Benozephine.

Sympathy Towards Blind

Organizations like Lions club, Red cross..etc are educating the people about eye care & eye donation.The greatest sympathy is Eye Donation, a person give vision to two blind persons.The surgery named Keratoplasty is gods gift to the blind.Sympathy Towards Blind

The ultimate goal of life is Moksha , is attained by performing Dharma, Artha & Kama. The one with Arogya only attain them, for which one has to become swastha.

ConclusionMoksha Prasanna atma Prasanna mana Prasanna indriya

Samadhatu Malakriya Samadosha Samagni

Samtula Ahara & Vihara Vision

Eye is most sensitive & dominant functionally over other sense organs .Acting as a diagnostic tool & effected by many diseases, its important pathologically.Mutlidimentions in its treatment its important therapeutically. One visual gives thousand words of expression.Sarvatantra sammatatva ( universal acceptance by all sciences) & Sarva Loka Adhara bhuta (universal dependence) by having these two characters eye becomes supreme of all senses. Sarvendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam in my view it should be Sarva Gnanendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam.

Conclusion