sas crime profile & implications of border control for crime and crime combating march 2011...
TRANSCRIPT
SA’s crime profile & implications of border control for crime and crime combating
March 2011
JOHAN BURGER
Crime & Justice Programme
INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES
• Crime & border security
• Perceptions of crime
• SA’s crime profile
• Some provincial crime profiles
• Crime combating
• Conclusion
Presentation Outline
‘Crime is no longer bound by borders …The planet has been reduced to the size of a computer screen and the artificial borders which we once called nations have, for all intents and purposes, begun to evaporate’
‘International organised crime gangs have formed alliances not unlike those of the corporate world. These unholy alliances provide criminal groups with more power, more leverage, [and] more ill-gotten gains … The bad guys have all the money and no rules. The good guys have all the rules and no money’
Jeffrey Robinson,The Merger: The Conglomeration of International Organised Crime, New York: The Overlook Press, 2000
Crime and border security
RSA (Island of opportunity?)
Crime as a threat to our national security: internally and externally
Public & media perceptions of crime in SA
94/9
595
/96
96/9
797
/98
98/9
999
/00
00/0
101
/02
02/0
3
'03/
04
'04/
05
'05/
06
'06/
07
07/0
808
/09
09/1
00
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000Violent interpersonal crime Robbery Property crime Other
SAPS: 20 most serious crimes recorded1994/95 – 2009/10
Total crime levels increased by 4% over the last two years (after consistent decline of 25% between 2002/03 – 2007/08). This is driven by increase in five property/commercial crime categories:
• Shoplifting +32% (21 642 cases)
• Commercial crime +30% (19 556 cases) [Since 2004/05 absolute numbers increased by 57%]
• Residential burglary +8% (18 724)
• Non-residential or business burglary +14% (8 778 cases)
• Theft out of motor vehicle +8% (9 201 cases)
Perspective on overall increase in crime levels between 2007/08 -2009/10
2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700645.2
592.8
559.9526.8
497.1 506.5 520.2
139.3 120.3 116 123.3 131.7 143.8 145.5
Res Burglary Bus Burglary
Residential and Business Burglary Trends2003/04 – 2009/10 (rates per 100 000)
03\04 04\05 05\06 06\07 07\08 08\09 09\100
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
155
143 137 138140
166
179
120116 116
130136
159172
Shoplifting Com Crime
03\04 04\05 05\06 06\07 07\08 08\09 09\100
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
901 930 829 892 1245 1437 1412
3677 3320 4387
6689
9862
1392014534
Truck hijacking Bus robbery
Rates per 100 000
Real figures
Crimes against business2003/04 – 2009/10
+337%
Murder & Attempted Murder trend1994/95 – 2009/10 (rates per 100 000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
66.9 67.9
62.8 59.959.8
52.5
49.847.8
47.4
42.740.3 39.5 40.5
38.637.3
34.1
69.4 68.170.8
68.3
70.1
65.564.4
70.2
78.9
64.8
52.6
43.9 42.539.3 37.6
35.3
Murder Att Murder
94/9
595
/96
96/9
797
/98
98/9
999
/00
00/0
101
\02
02\0
303
\04
04\0
505
\06
06\0
707
\08
08\0
909
\10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
220
196
164177
220230
260
262 279
288272
255
267
247249
230
Aggravated Robbery trend1994/95 – 2009/10 (rates per 100 000)
12%
17%
13%
0%
0%1%
57%
Aggr robbery: Sub-categories
Car hijacking
House robbery
Bus robbery
Bank robbery
CIT
Truck hijacking
Street robbery
+40%
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/100
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
5498
3677 3320
4387
6689
9862
13920
1453414691
13793
1243412825
1359914201 14915
13902
9063 9351
9391
10173
1276114481
1843818786
Business robberies Car hijackings House robberies
Trio crimes2002/03 – 2009/10
96/9
797
/98
98/9
999
/00
00/0
1
'01/0
2
'02/0
3
'03/0
4
'04/0
5
'05/0
6
'06/0
7
'07/0
808
/09
09\1
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
561
463
493
450469
356
127
54 5859
129 144
102
93
359
236
223
226
196
238
374
192220
383
467
395
386
358
Bank robbery CIT
Bank & CIT Robberies 1994/95 – 2009/10
Bank robbery -83%
30 37
82
368447
288
?
SABRIC figures
ATM Attacks
2004 - 2010
± 360
Scene at an ATM bombing
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
7063
61.9
56.559.9
45.3
53.456.8
Aggravated Robbery
2003
/04
2004
/05
2005
/06
2006
/07
2007
/08
2008
/09
2009
/10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
12.9
13.8
12.9
13.9
12.9
14.2 14.6
2.8
3 3.1 3
5.9
9.7
11.2
3.6
2.4
1.41.5
5.8
10
11.6
Murder House Robbery
Bus Robbery
Violent crime trends in Limpopo2003/04 – 2009/10 (rates per 100 000)
(150)
(584)
(191)
(630)
(690)
(762)
2003\04 2004\05 2005\06 2006\07 2007\08 2008\09 2009\100
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
319307
434
658
796974
1167
109 84 110
197
635
10581058
House Robbery Business Robbery
Violent crime trends in Western Cape2003/04 – 2009/10
Gauteng
KZN
North West
Mpumalanga
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Limpopo
Free State
North. Cape
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
7314
3480
821
862
796
662
319
215
12
8122
4601
987
1188
974
1517
514
490
45
8051
4580
899
1300
1167
1606
584
535
64
2009\10
2008/09
2007/08
House robbery: Provincial breakdown
Gauteng
KZN
W Cape
N West
E Cape
Mpumalanga
Free State
Limpopo
N Cape
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
5098
1923
635
747
488
305
298
314
54
6244
2499
1058
1015
851
818
785
529
121
6379
2066
1058
1130
1273
978
873
630
147
2009\10
2008/09
2007/08
Business robbery:Provincial breakdown
Gauteng
KZN
Mpumalanga
E Cape
W Cape
Limpopo
N West
Free Stae
N Cape
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
7466
3889
664
604
923
203
291
156
5
7662
4062
984
706
698
289
252
255
7
7444
3715
709
606
575
251
273
316
13
2009\10
2008/09
2007/08
Car hijacking:Provincial breakdown
Combating (fighting) crime
PolicingShort-term interventions
Private security
Crime preventionLong-term interventions
Proactive Policing
• Visible policing• Law enforce- ment• Order main- tenance
Reactive Policing
• Crime investi- gation• Law enforce- ment• Order restora- tion
ArrestsDeterrence
• Socio-economic interventions (social crime prevention)
• Crime prevention through environ- mental design
• Deterrence through effective Criminal Justice System
Info
rmati
on
Other interv.(other Depts)
22
Conclusion
www.issafrica.org
Border control (in its wider meaning) can only be meaningful if it is managed as part of an integrated approach to the fight against crime and
the maintenance of an orderly society.
There will always be those who break the law, some by their ignorance, some by accident and some because they intend to. Similarly weaknesses
in border control are exploited by both those in search of a better life, and by those involved in criminal activity. Therefore any effort to fight
crime and lawlessness can only be successful if it includes effective border control as a crucial element in the overall strategic approach.
Finally, it is obvious that to be successful in the fight against crime we need much more than the individual efforts of state departments – we need clear role identification, structured cooperation and coordination,
and an overarching national policy and strategy to guide all of these.
