Satellite Application on Weather Services in Japan

Yasushi SUZUKI

Japan Weather Association

12nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015

Japan Meteorological Agency gives approval to the weather business based on the Meteorological Service Act

62 companies are approved for the meteorological information 53 companies are approved for the earthquake information The amount of weather market is about 30 billion-yen About 9,300 weather forecasters are certified

2

Annual report on the weather business by Japan Meteorological Agency

Private weather companies in Japan

Amount of market

Number of companies

20051995

2nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015

Value-added products from private weather companies

Filling the lack of public weather information Communicate clearly to the user

Communicate in a timely

Communicate in an appropriate way

Communicate in an appropriate words

Value-added products made from basic data　　　　　　 Information which meet the demands of users

The value of information is determined by the compensation of user’s satisfaction level

32nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015

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Forecasts Observations Alerts Maps Index Travel&Sports Climate tenki.jp Column

Satellites Maps Radars AMeDAS PM2.5

Weather column by certified weather forecaster

Train Weather Channel in NEX(Narita Express)

2nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015 5

After Arrival

Before Departure

NEX connects Narita airport to Tokyo city

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Weather column by Ms. Mirei KawashimaCertified Weather Forecaster

Looking a global rainfall map

Usually, you are using observed rainfall information by weather radars on the ground. But rainfall observation is available from space. Today, I introduce a global rainfall map using satellite observation.

------JAXA’s GSMaP products are used in tenki.jp weather portal site. In this case, two tropical cyclones were approaching and their rainfall distribution on the Pacific ocean was explained.

2nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015 7

Mobile phone information (GSMaP/SST/Winds)

JAXA/JWA collaborative research on “Satellite data application on weather information system and results from user promotion study” (2011-2013)

User Questionnaire on interesting information

1. Weather & Temp. 1632. Temp. 653. Weather & Temp. & Rain 644. SST 255. Rain 24 overseas travel 140 (total 651)

2nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015 8

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

200310 200410 200510 200610 200710 200810 200910 201010 201110 201210 201310 201410

GCOM-W

DMSP-F18

DMSP-F17

DMSP-F16

Aqua

DMSP-F15

DMSP-F14

DMSP-F13

TRMM

History of Microwave Radiometer DataTPW,RR assimilation was

started in 2003DMSP-F13,14,15/SSMI

and TRMM/TMI

Aqua/AMSR-E

DMSP-F15/SSMI

DMSP-F14/SSMI

DMSP-F13/SSMI

Radiance assimilation was started in 2010DMSP-F16,17/SSMIS

were added

DMSP-F18/SSMIS

Aqua/AMSR-E

2003 20122006 2009

GCOM-W/AMSR2

Start of use

End of use

TRMM/TMI assimilation was started in 2003.Amount of MWR data increased by 5 times in the past 12 years.Radiances are assimilated in JMA global and meso-scale 4D-var data assimilation systems.

JMA Meso-scale Analysis (one month accumulated data amount)

Sato (2015,TRMM Symposium)

GMI case study: Heavy precipitation event in Japan

Assimilation experiment:Control run: same as JMA operational configuration (w/o GMI data) Test run: Control + GPM satellite data (GMI TB, retrieved rain rate) Period: Data assimilation: 26 June – 14 July, 2014 Forecast: 39 hour forecasts every 3 hour

21 UTC July 2, 2014

Surface weather chart (00UTC July 3, 2014)

GMI brightness temperatureSSMIS brightness temperature

Rain Rate fromground-based radar and microwave imagers

MTSAT IR image (00UTC July 3, 2014)

Heavy rain in Nagasaki prefecture in the western Island of Japan

Kazumori (2014,IPWG7)

GMI observed TB (23GHzV) w BC GMI simulated TB (23GHzV)

　 Observed TB – Simulated TB

　 Retrieved Rain Rate

Added as new data

GMI data coverage

Kazumori (2014,IPWG7)

TPW (analysis) 　（ w GMI ）

TPW (analysis) 　（ wo GMI ）

Analysis increment （ w GMI ）

Analysis increment （ wo GMI ）

21 UTC 2 July 2014

Impacts on analyzed TPW field

Kazumori (2014,IPWG7)

2nd. GPM Applications Workshop, June/9-10/2015 12

GPM data utilization test• GMI microwave imager data utilization are in progress.

– Assimilation of GMI TB improves the fits in other microwave imager’s analysis and first guess departure in NH and tropics.

– And, improves humidity fields in the lower troposphere.– A case study shows assimilation of GMI observations (TB and rain rate)

improves precipitation forecast in JMA meso-scale NWP system.• GPM/DPR reflectivity data assimilation based on TRMM/PR technique are

investigated.

TRMM/TMI GPM-core/GMI

2014/07/07(1day)

Kazumori (2014,IPWG7)

• Reference materials

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Assimilation of GMI TB in JMA Meso-scale NWP system

JMA Meso-scale NWP systemDA system:

Non-hydrostatic model based 4D-Var (Honda et al. 2005)Forecast model:

Non-hydrostatic model, JMA-NHM (Saito et al. 2006)Model Resolution:

Outer 5km, Inner 15kmThree hourly assimilation cycle:

8 times per day, three hour assimilation window Used data:

satellite radiance and rain, rain rate and wind from ground-based radar, TCWV from GNSS, AMV, and conventional data

RTM for satellite radiance assimilation: RTTOV-10 (same as JMA Global DA system)

Added new dataGMI: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager

Channel: 19V, 23V, 37V, 89VRetrieved Rain Rate

Main target of JMA Meso-scale NWP system isaccurate precipitation forecasts for Japan and its surrounding areas.

GMI TB data are obtained from JAXA in real time since March 2014

Meso-scale Model Domain

Kazumori (2014,IPWG7)

Distribution of used microwave imager data in JMA Meso-scale analysis:AMSR2, SSMIS F16, SSMIS F17, SSMIS F18, TMI, GMI

Kazumori (2014,IPWG7)

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TRMM/PR simulation test

• With the radar simulator in JMA, TRMM/PR reflectivity was simulated using MSM forecast field.– This is a preliminary study for satellite radar reflectivity assimilation.

• The sample case is 29 Oct. 2010 (T1014, CHABA).

Analyzed PMSL field and TRMM/PR swath

Vertical cross section of Ze

Sato (2015,TRMM Symposium)

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Model Simulated Ze Model+Obs Simulated Ze

TRMM/PR assimilation test

Model Simulated Ze Model+Obs Simulated Ze

Model w Model+Obs w

Observation Ze

Observation Ze

Eye of Typhoon

Sato (2015,TRMM Symposium)