satyapriya sahu(10201044) & soumya ranjan rout 10201052

8/6/2019 Satyapriya Sahu(10201044) & Soumya Ranjan Rout 10201052

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REPORT ON VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT

Submitted by:

Soumya ranjan rout(10201052)

Satya priya sahu(10201044)

MBA-RM 2010-12

(VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ON RURAL MANAGEMENT)

HOST ORGANIZATION VSS CO-ORDINATOR

SPARDA Prof. Jyotimayee acharya

REPORTING OFFICER FACULTY GUIDEMr. Suvendu panigrahi prof. Soumya mishra

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT (KSRM)BHUBANESWAR, INDIA

VVIILLLLAAGGEE SSTTUUDDYY SSEEGGMMEENNTT ((MMBBAA--RRMM 22001100--1122))


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost we are thankful to Prof. (Dr.) L. K. Vaswani, DIRECTOR, KIIT School of

Rural Management for placing the Village Study Segment (VSS) fieldwork Component as a part

of our course curricula. We would like to express our gratitude to Professor (Dr.) Jyotirmayee

Acharya, Coordinator, VSS to facilitate throughout by playing different roles as mentor,

coordinator and supervisor and for inputs and moral support for designing and completion of the

report. We are thankful to the faculty guide Prof. Soumya Mishra for her/his guidance and

assessment of this report.

We have immense pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude, indebtness and sincere

thanks to our esteemed Reporting Officer suvendu panigrahi and team member Ashok Patra,

Manoranjan Sahu, of SPARDA who facilitated our accommodation and food and made us to

learn all the VSS components by doing and interacting with the villagers. We are thankful for

their feedback and insight to our theme paper and support for the RAC and to share with us

useful experiences during the village study.

In order to complete fieldwork successfully, I would like to present special thanks to all the

research participants and villagers who provided their valuable time and made our stay

meaningful and study valuable. We are extremely happy to reveal our special thanks to our

classmates for their inspiration.

Soumya ranjan rout(10201052)

Satya priya sahu(10201044)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Organizational profile 1-5

Village profile 6

Introduction 6

Methodology 6

Objective 6

Limitation of the study 8

Geographical social structure 8

Natural resources 11

Infrastructures 12

Local economy 15

Consumption habit 16

Governance system 17

32 HHS Analysis 18

Village development plan 20

RAC 21

Introduction 21

Objective 22

Methodology 22


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Activity profile 23

RAC place and period 23

Implementation process 23

Outcomes 24

Theme Paper 28

Introduction 28

Objectives 29

Methodology 30

Limitation 32

Literature review 32

Findings, observation & recommendation 39

Conclusion 45

NSS Activity 46


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ORGANIZATION PROFILE

Name:Society for Peoples Awareness and Rural Development Action (SPARDA)

Mailing address:C/O MASS Building,

Ward no- 10, Baripada,

757001,

Mayurbhanj,

Orissa

Telephone no: 91-6792-253708

91-6792257303

Fax no. : 91-6792 -252014

Email : [email protected]@gmail.com

Mobile no: 91-9437963908/9437084776

The Date of Formation: 1990

Society Registration Act 1860 on 30th May 1993

Foreign Contribution Regulation Act 1976 on 4th February 1998

Registered under 12A of Income tax department

Name of the Chief Functionary: Bibekananda Pattnaik, Secretary.

Executive Body 9 membersOffice bearers President, V.P, CEO

SPARDA

Society for Peoples Awareness and Rural development Action (SPARDA) is a grass root NGO,

established in the year 1990 with a group of committed young person in Mayurbhanj district. It

was registered under Society Registration Act 1860 on 30th

May 1993 and Foreign Contribution

Regulation act 1976 on 4th February 1998. The Organization has committed itself to strengthen

and capacitated the under privileged and oppressed people in their struggle for empowerment in
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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order to improve their health, environment and socio economic status for secure their livelihood

condition.

PHILOSOPHY

The main philosophy of SPARDA is oriented towards sustainable development of the ruralpeople through health, education, environment and economic upliftment with conservation of

non renewable natural resource, application of indigenous science technological innovations and

judicious use of governmental resources for larger benefit of the poor and suppressed people

especially the women and tribes of Mayurbhanj district.

VISION

The main vision of SPARDA is to improve the quality of individuals life through self reliance

and enable them to secure their livelihood condition with optimum potential condition with

optimum potential through health, environment and socio-economic upliftment.

MISSION

The mission of the organization is to enhance the sustainable health and economic development

of the rural people especially the women and tribes of Mayurbhanj district.

The organization is implementing its work since 17 years in the remote villages of Mayurbhanj

district with the following

OBJECTIVES

To empower the rural people for enriching the health, environment and economic status

through a process of peoples participation and institutional building.

To improve the health and environmental status through a well devised process of

information, education, awareness and capacity building.

To upgrade the community enthusiasm through discovering the village talent.

To enable the rural people towards taking up income generation activities by promoting

Self Help Groups and mobilization of locally available resources through a process of

thrift and credit system.


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To develop an environmental friendly production system.

To increase women participation in the mainstream of development process and empower

them to develop their socio-economic and health status in the society.

To initiate a process whereby the people of under privileged communities can participate

in creating a data base about their own health, empowerment and socio-economic

situation and take up the process of analyzing their alternatives.

To conduct seminar, workshop and research work related to need based issues.

To adopt an integrated approach of developing the conservation and management of

Biodiversity and natural resources.

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF ACTIVITIESLocation of the organization is at India in the state of Odisha. The district of Mayurbhanj is in

Odisha. The district of Mayurbhanj lies between 21 17 north latitude and between 85 40 and

87 10 east latitude. Mayurbhanj district is bounded on the north by Singbhum district of

Jharkhand state and Midnapur district of West Bengal. On the south by the district of Balasore

and Keonjhar. On the east by Midnapur district of West Bengal and Balasore.

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT SPARDA is now involved in Jungle Parivar project with the support from the Ford

Foundation, New Delhi. SPARDA for the last 14 years has done institutional building process of the forest

protection committees in 750 villages and in the process federate them in to a district

level federation of forest protection committees.

SPARDA is also facilitating federation to take up issues like Forest Right Act for its

proper implementation. In the last one and half year SPARDA was instrumental in the

submission of 11,000 individual claim form and around 450 community claim form

through district forest federation. Provide solar lantern to 700 house hold in 20 villages of Mayurbhanj. The programme is

implemented in collaboration with TERI under its Lighting aBillion Lives programme.

There are 13 villages out of 20 villagers are inside Similipal Tiger Reserve.

SPARDA is working with the Baripada Forest Division of forest department Govt. of

Odisha. SPARDA was assigned with the responsibility to facilitate the federation process

of 47 VSS (Vana Samrakshana Samiti) under Baripada forest division. The main


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objective was to unite them and facilitate them to do trading of NTFP and enterprise

development under CAMPA fund. Capacitating SHGs and other villagers on different Government programmes using SMS,

voicemail and by direct interaction in the field. SPARDA is implementing this innovative

programme in collaboration with Knowledge for Development Foundation, New Delhi

under a UNDP supported programme to Ministry of Social Justice. ACTIVITIES IN BRIEF

a. FOREST AND LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMME

SPARDA for the last 14 years strengthening the capacity of village forest protection committees

in 750 villages. In the process it has facilitate the formation of the district federation of forest

protection committees namely Mayurbhanj Jungle Surakhya Mahasangh involving 750 villages.

SPARDA is now working closely with the federation and facilitating the federation to go for

trading of non timber forest produce from the forest they are protecting. SPARDA is also

facilitating federation to take up issues like Forest Right, Act for its proper implementation.

b. RENEWABLE ENERGY

Provide solar lantern to 700 house hold in 20 villages of Mayurbhanj. The programme is

implemented in collaboration with TERI under its Lighting aBillion Lives programme. There

are 13 villages out of 20 villagers are inside Similipal Tiger Reserve.

Similar activities are planned in 5 villages in Kaptipada block where these programme will be

implemented very soon.

c. GOVT. OF ODISHA

SPARDA is working with the Baripada Forest Division of forest department Govt. of Odisha.

SPARDA was assigned with the responsibility to facilitate the federation process of 47 VSS

under Baripada forest division. The main objective was to unite them and facilitate them to do

trading of NTFP and enterprise development under CAMPA fund.

d. capacitating SHGs

Capacitating SHGs and other villagers on different Government programmes using SMS,

voicemail and by direct interaction in the field. SPARDA is implementing this innovative

programme in collaboration with Knowledge for Development Foundation, New Delhi under a

UNDP supported programme to Ministry of Social Justice.


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COLLABORATING AGENCIESDuring its long journey in the development sector SPARDA has collaborated with different

national level organizations under different programmes.

Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar,

Winrock International India, New Delhi, ACCESS Development Services, New

Delhi,

ATREE, Bangalore,

Centre for Peoples Forestry, Hyderabad,

XLRI, Jamshedpur,

TERI, New Delhi,

Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujrat,

Right to Food Secretariate, Bhubaneswar,

Knowledge for Development Foundation, New Delhi,

Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal.


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VILLAGE PROFILE

1. INTRODUCTIONField work segment was carried out under the rich guidance of our host organization sparda,

mayurbhanj, odisha. Kothabila village is selected for our area of research. It comes under the

block of kuliana. It is 10 km. far from the block of kuliana and it is a very remote area. Kothabila

village is located very far from our host organization. The distance is nearly about 30-35 km. as

per the program the period of stay in the village was 16th

jan to 18th

feb 2011. The stay in the

village has helped to get a first hand feel of the problems, aspirations, perceptions and

vulnerabilities of the rural masses. Thus, the report has been an outcome of personal experience

and interactions with the villagers during the stay.

2. OBJECTIVES

To get direct exposure of rural life and rural economy.

To sensitized ourselves to the social and economic concerns of rural people in general

with a focus on rural poor.

To get an exposure to diversity of initiatives of civil society organization in rural area.

To find out a relation within the communities and other wider societies.

To find out all the available resources in the village.

To make a development plan for the village in the present of local existing conditions.

To put ourselves as villagers and try to know all the agriculture and related activities,

their cultural activities, social differences, their other livelihood activities and various

other things.

3. METHODOLOGYVillagers were the most important source of information for survey. For understanding the

villagers in better, direct interactions with them were done. In order to confirm, the data in

written form from the institutions & this played vital role in the lives of the villagers.


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3.1 Primary data sources

1. Observations: During the first few days of the field work, in order to build rapport with

the villagers, tried to be a part of their lives without intervening in their lives. Going out

into the village in the morning and evening was a part of daily routine. By simplyobserving them, the idea got about routine of the villagers, crops they raised and the

infrastructure present in the village.

2. Informal discussions with the villagers: These discussions were unstructured in the

sense that there was no set agenda for the conversations. The discussion used to start with

a random topic and the conversation sustained for hours together. This kind of interaction

helped in gaining in-depth information. By this time, a good rapport was built and details

about their economic activities and culture began to surface.

3. Interviews: These interviews were conducted with an aim to understand the preferences,

attitude and problems faced by a common villager. Though agriculture was not primary

for them; included questions largely on cropping pattern and various practices adopted. It

helped in getting some idea about the problems they faced relating to their productivity

and marketing of grains. Thus, this method helped in having a close view of individuals

of the village.

4. Focused Group Discussions: Two FGDs were carried out. One was carried out with

farmers in order to understand their group also consisted of women because their

contribution to the agriculture cannot be underestimated. Their views were also heard.

The second FGD was conducted with the executive body of the village committee, which

consisted of all members in order to understand its set-up and its role in the lives of the

villagers.

5. PRA tools: few PRA tools like social & resource mapping, chapatti diagram, Venn

diagram etc helped us to gather more information. In this technique 25 villagers had

participated.

3.2 Secondary data sources:

Organization: The details regarding no. of households & Information regarding the

various government schemes and beneficiaries in the village were taken from the office

of sparda.


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4. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Respondent bias: Many of the problems and suggestions are based on opinions of the

people being interviewed. Thus, there was always a chance of biases entering though we

tried our best to triangulate and remove such errors. The villagers were sometimes

confused and/or suspicious of some of the questions; particularly about income,

expenditure and size of landholding.

Lack of knowledge: many of the villagers are illiterate. So they failed to give the

accurate information about the Govt plans, schemes etc.

5. GEOGRAPHICAL & SOCIAL STRUCTUREKothabila village comes under kuliana block ofmayurbhanj. Our village is located 12 km. far

from N.H-5 & 35 km away from the host organization.Panchayat- nodhana (4 km away)

Police station- chandua. (6 km away)

There is total 202 households & total no of villagers is 1235.

Total no of male Total no of female Total

627 608 1235

50.77% 49.23% 100%

Total no of literate

male

401 32.47%

Total no of literate

female

274 22.19%

Total no of illiterate

male

226 18.3%

Total no of illiterate

female

334 27.04%

Total 1235 100%


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Sc 59 4.78%

St 716 57.98%

Obc 315 25.5%

General 145 11.74%

T0tal 1235 100%

Source-anganwadi

59

716

315

145

CASTE

sc

st

obc

gen


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Source- anganwadi

The population of kothabila is 1235 & out of which 627 is men & 608 are women. The number

of children within 0-6 age is 183.out of which 108 are male & 75 are female. The ratio of male &

female is 1:1.03. 59% are of ST & 5% are sc. this means 62% of villagers is sc & st.11.74 is

general category.

5.1 NEIGHBOURING VILLAGES-

East- dudhiasule

West-madhapur

South-forest

North-kaladam

5.2 SOCIAL STRUCTURE

LANGUAGES USED-

Oriya

Santali

Kudumi

627

608

GENDER

male

female


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5.3.FESTIVALS CELEBRATED

Ersim (Paddy sowing festival)

Jamtala Bonga (Jantal Festival)

Harialism

Karama Parva

Makar Parva

Kothabila village is mostly dominated by sc & st. a very few amount of villagers are of general

category. There is no any other religion rather the Hindu. There is no single temple in the village.

Instead of 3 concrete houses all are thatched houses.

6. NATURAL RESOURCES

6.1. LANDThe geographical area of the village is 202 ha. Out of which 180 ha is for agricultural purpose.

But as the village is situated in a hilly area, there is lack of fertility in the soil. About 100 ha land

is suitable for farming as compared to the other lands. The amount of cultivated pulses per ha is

24 quintals averagely. As the field is not fertile & this area lacks water availability, pulses is the

main agricultural product. No any other crops or vegetables are cultivated in the village.

6.2. WATER

The main problem of the village is scarcity of water. The availability of water is deficit in this

region. Due to unavailability of water for farming the farmers are unable to cultivate in other

seasons instead rainy season. Rain fall is average in rainy season. So that part of the year the

farmers are able to cultivate. The main source of water is the pipeline provided by the

government. Before the introduction of pipeline the villagers had to go to the nearest village,

which is situated 4 km away from that village, to bring drinking water. There is a pond in the

village but the water of that pond is very dirty & unhealthy. Villagers use the water of that pond

for bathing, washing clothes etc.


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Water assets in kothabila village

Open well Bore well Diesel

pumpset

pond Tube well Piped line

13 3 1 1 10 20

Source-questionnaire

6.3.FOREST

As Mayurbhanj is a forest area, the forest is situated nearby to south part of the village which is

half km away from the village. Forest is the main source of livelihood for the villagers.

7. INFRASTRUCTURE7.1. ROADThere is a good connectivity of pucca road from the village to the block & police station. About

40% of the village area is connected with concrete road. Others are connected with thatched

road. Despite of a good road, the availability of the public vehicles from the village is very poor.

7.2. TRANSPORTVillage is 12 km away from the kuliana block. 5 no national highway is also 15 km far away

from the village. There is only 1 bus & 1 jeep available in a day to the town, baripada, which is

28 km away from the village. Instead of these two vehicles there is no other option of

transportation in that village. Those who have their personal vehicle can easily go to everywhere

but the general people suffer. After this two vehicles villagers use cycle for going purpose.

7.3.ELECTRICITY FACILIY

The electricity supply is started in the year of 1986.the availability of electricity supply is around

18 hrs in a day. In summer season the interruption in supply of electricity is more than any other

days. Out of 217 households 50 households are getting the benefit of electricity. Under the

gramya bidyutikaran yojna 50 nos of BPL households are electrified till now. Overall the

supply of electricity available to 105 households in the village.


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7.4.COMMUNICATION FACILITYThe telecommunication facility is also very bad in that village. There are two mobile networks in

that village i.e.airtel & Vodafone. There are no other networks available in that region. There is

no landline connection. Almost of 180 households are using mobile phones as their major source

of communication. Although there is a post office, that is not functioning due to the non

availability of the staff. If someone plans to send a letter by post, then he has to cross a distance

of 6-7 km. radio is the main source of information in that region.

7.5.HEALTH FACILTYThere is no private and govt. hospital facility available in the village. Public Health Centre is

located in sansarasposi which is 6 km from here. But in that PHC medical facility is also in

adequate form. Sometimes medicines are not available in free for villagers & Doctors are also

not available, most of the times nurses are available here. There is one good thing that most of

delivery is done in the govt. hospitals, because they are aware of govt. scheme jananisurakcha

yojana in which govt. provides rupees 1700 to rural maternity if delivery is done in govt.

hospital, it will bring reduction in child and maternal maternity rate. For the vaccination they

visit AGANWADI which is running successfully.

7.6.VETERINARY HOSPITAL

There is no veterinary hospital in the village. Hospital is located 8 km from here which is in

kuliana. The common diseases for animals are occur in starting of rainy season when new grass

grows up, viz tonsils in mouth, water coming out from mouth & swelling in neck. For this 97%

of villagers practice their own treatment for their livestock, they give gradedjadi buti to animals.

But 3% of villagers those who have some knowledge go to veterinary hospital for treatment,

doctors gave them free prescription but for medicine he charges depending upon type of disease.

7.7.SANITATION FACILITY

Latrine facilities are very poor in the village. People use open space for it. When we ask thereason behind it most of them told that they like open space for latrine, because they are habitual

of it. Women are aware of sanitation benefits they use to keep clean their household and nearby

area regularly, on special occasions they also wash their households. There are only 5 latrines

available with 5 households.


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7.8.DRAINAGE & DRINKING WATER

The main source of drinking water is newly introduced pipeline in that village. The water supply

in that pipeline is time restricted. The supply of water through that pipeline comes 2 times in a

day i.e. in morning, from 7 am to 9.30 am & in evening, from 4 pm to 5.30 pm. The water of thetap is mainly used for drinking, bathing, washing & cooking purpose. It is the main reliable

source of water. The ratio of one tap is 1:20. The water of open well is not in drinkable position.

As it is a hilly area, the water is not good & pond water is very dirty & unhealthy.

There is no formal way of drainage system in that village.

7.9.EDUCATION FACILITY

Education facility is satisfactory in the village. There are 2 schools i.e. 1 primary school & 1 high

school which is government owned in that area. There are 293 students in the primary school &

95 students in the high school. Adequate no of staffs are also available in that 2 schools. There is

sufficient no of classrooms for the students. The result in 10th

board exam is average till now.

One Anganwadi is also there which is government owned in which 0-5 years students enroll and

pre-training is given to small children before they are admitted to school. Mid day meal is system

is there in the primary school. The responsibility is taken by a SHG.. The strength of the school

is 293.

Sc Gen & obc Total Total

male female male female male female Male female

29390

22 03 12 42 24 135 158

Source- school register

7.10 MARKETThere is no local market in that village. On Friday there is a weekly hat in the village. The

distance of nearest market is kuliana which is 12 away from the village. In the weekly hat one

can find all basic requirements.


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8. LOCAL ECONOMY

8.1. AGRICULTURE

As India is a village dominated country, agriculture is the main source of income. But in

kothabila village agriculture is not the main source of income. The soil in the village is rock type.

The water availability is very low. Pulse is the only agricultural product produced in that area.

The villagers engage themselves only for 4 months during rainy season in firming. There is no

souce of water instead of rain water. They dont produce for selling purpose because there is

always a deficit availability of crops. They only produce kharif. In 2010 there is heavy loss of

crops during drought.

8.2. ALLIED ACTIVITIES:NTFP (NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT)The village is totally depend upon the NTFP products like sabai grass, mahula flower. They

make a rope from the sabai grass. The rope is used for various purposes. They sell it in the local

market or in weekly market. 1 kg of rope made up of sabai grass costs 25-28 rs. One person

make 100 kg of rope in a month. They can easily earn upto 2500-2800 per month depending

upon the market condition. Sabai grass is easily available in the nearest forest. They also sell the

mahula flower to the local vendor. The period of mahula flower is from March to September. In

this period mahula flower is easily available in the forest. So forest is the main source of earning

livelihood for them.

8.3.MIGRATION

Migration is the main problem and income generating source after traditional farming. We can

consider migration as a problem but for the village people its the only solution left out if the

income from farming is not enough. It is prominent in slack season when no farming is left in

summer season. Very few people have migrated to outside. Very few people had gone to

Maharashtra & Bangalore for earning livelihood. They are getting 70 rs in a day excluding food.

8.4.DAILY WAGE LABOUR

Many of the villagers go for daily laborers. They are getting 50 rs per day including food.

Female workers are getting 40 rs per day. Under the NREGS the day laborers have got 70 rs per

day. From 365 days they are getting work for not more than 90 days which is not sufficient.


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8.5.SHOPThere are two kirana shops in the village which are run by local people.

9. CONSUMPTION HABIT

9.1 FOOD SECURITYThe availability of food grains is not good throughout the year except for the middle farmers who

have the surplus in terms of production and so they sell it to the market. Water paucity is the

major problem faced by the farmers in this area. About 95% of the farmers depend upon rain-fed

agriculture in direct or indirect ways. The villages have faced severe draught in 2007, 2008and

2010 due to which small farmers had to bear huge losses and bringing them in the marsh of debt.

Small and landless farmers work on the field of upper middle and progressive farmer and

sometimes they work as daily wage labour otherwise they have to migrate to full fill their food

security.

Crop Production Sufficient for family

use

Deficit Surplus

Cereals 1 30 1

Pulses 1 30 1

Oil/Ghee 1 31 0

Vegetable 2 30 0

Fruits 25 7 0

Cash Crops 0 8 0

Source- HHS questionnare

9.2. CREDIT FACILITY

People in this village take loan in informal ways; they take it either from relatives or from theirfriends because they dont have facility for Institutional way like Zamindar. Suppose ifthey take

loan from some relatives in form of Rs. 100 interest charge on them is 10% per month, means

they have to give Rs. 110 after one month. But if they take loan from some Bank it will charge

2% per annum.


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10. GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN THE VILLAGEGovernance system: Shree sarat Chandra bhanjdeo is a progressive person and he knows well

about the yojana and schemes run by the government in kothabila village.

A. Brudha avasta Pension Yojana: In this old age people get pension from government

they get Rs. 300/month (single) & Rs. 500/month (couple).

Condition: Having 65 years of age & depend upon children & property they have

B. Vidhwa Avastha Pension Yojana: In this pension get to those women who lost their

husband Rs. 300/month.

Condition: Children having age less than 18 years.

C. Rashtriya Rozgar Guarantee (NREGA): National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

In this people get 100% job guarantee within 15 days of their apply. They get job for 100

days and get wages in the form of Rs. 100/day.

D. Education:

(i)purna balika Shiksha Yojana: In thisall facilities are given by school authority to

girl, student those who are BPL.

(ii) Mid-dayMeal Yojana: In this for per children for its full month.

75 gm/day/child.

75gm*26=1950 (approx) of grains

E. Health:(a)Garbhavati Swasth Yojana: ST women who deliever hers child in hospital will

get Rs. 1500 from hospital authority.

(b)Tikaran: Free injection against vaccination from 0-5 years children

(c)Pulse Polio: Free drops for 0-5 years children.

F. Indira Awas Yojana:

In this BPL person given houses from government (cemented house) 2 people already

have this facility in kothabila.

G. Food Facility:

They get subsidy in higher prices of grains.

BPL: They get Rs. 5/kg of grains.

Antodaya: They get Rs. 2/kg of grains.


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32 HHS DATA ANALYSIS

TOTAL NO OF MEMBERS IN 32 HH.

Male- 78

Female- 92

Total-170

no of adult male 78

No of adult female 92

No of male between 0-6 14

No of female between 0-6 18

No of male between 7-18 16

No of female between 7-18 28

Total 170

Source- HHS questionnaire

In our 32 HHS out of total family members female rate is high than male. The HHs are consist of

54.11% of female members which is quite higher than the overall female of the village i.e. 51%.

The no of female members between 7-18 is high.

EARNING MEMBERS

Total no of earning member-64

Total no of female earning member-23

Average earning member per household is 2

Male participation in earning livelihood is more than female participation. As per the given data

of women earning member per household is 1. To some extend women are participating in

earning the livelihood.

SANITATION & DRINKING WATER FACILITY

According to our survey there is no private toilet with any of 32 household. They mostly use

open space for toilet. As per their view there are a lot of free lands so why should they make a

toilet for private use. It is also healthy for them.

For drinking water all the 32 household depend upon the piped system.


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Livestock

Cow 35

Bullock 23

Buffalo 12

Calf 13

Poultry 41

Source- HHS questionnaire

Every household is having a cow. They dont sell the milk of the cow. They keep the milk with

them for personal purpose. As there is no land available for 3 households, they dont have

bullock. Average poultry is 1 per household. They use the livestock as a income source by

selling them at the time of their need. They sell the livestock in the nearby weekly market.

INCOME

Average income per household-36185 thousand.

Highest income-84900 thousand.

Lowest income-9800 thousand.

Most of the households are depending upon the agricultural. Though agriculture is the main

source of income for certain period, all 32 households are producing NTFP to earn their

livelihood.

LITERACY RATE

Total no of people- 170

Total no of literate adult male 26

Total no of literate adult female 4

Total no of literate boys 11

Total no of literate girls 7

Boys dropout\ 25

Girls drop out-16 16

Percentage of literacy-28.23% 28.23%

The percentage literacy of these 32 households is very much lower than the overall percentage.


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Migration

No one have migrated in 32 households. Because they are happy with their livelihood.

VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLANAs we have spent one full month of our study in this village. We have observed and tried to

cover all the aspects of this village in depth. We have generated out puts through different PRAs

tools and try to conceptualize them so that we can arrive on a common conclusion which can

bring this village on the edge of development. Even though we cant denied the fact that two

month are a relatively less time to generate a development plan for a village. We can divide

development plan in two phases short and long term on the basis of time span.

Short term development planShort term plan should be implemented within a year; it brings all the urgent needs of the village

in the process of development. If we look at the problems irrigation is the main problem of the

villagers hence they feel that the well must be recharged at regular intervals.

Long term development planLong term plan are the actual plan which comes from an innovative mind of a scholar after

sparing a long time on a particular region and territory. It is necessary to have a complete

knowledge of all the available resources and local habit of the people before suggesting any ofthe development plans. Even though after sparing one month we are on a level to suggest few

long term development alternatives by keeping local available resources in mind.

Education

Standard of education in this village is not satisfactory for girls. Drop out ratio among children is

almost 80% after 8th

std. so there should be a separate school for the girls and boys up to 8th

std.

that will improve the literacy rate of village along with it reduces the chance of child marriage

and will bring female in the main stream.


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RAC

INTRODUCTION

Rural action component was a major portion of our village study segment in which our focus was

on the following:

To study what the rural folks loose when they are not aware of the running programmes

of government and Non-Governmental Organizations working in their area

To identify the best possible ways through which the rural people can avail the facilities

and the importance of the non -governmental organizations towards making those

facilities reach the villagers doorstep and hence act as a bridging link between

government and people.

To empower rural women and people is the need of the hour.

Our host organization SPARDA, is involved in various social activities including development

and conservational activities in the rural areas of Mayurbhanj. Their grassroots workers act as an

interface between the organization and the member clients. They perform the following

important tasks:

Counseling and creating awareness amongst communities towards numerous economic,

conservation and social issues.

Devote their time and talent to training rural women in the use of the new tools ofknowledge and skill empowerment

A newly introduced project on renewable energy (which is named as Amar Shakti Prakalp)

is organized by Winrock international Ltd. of Hyderabad in collaboration with our host

organisation SPARDA & supported by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy of India. The

main objectives of this component are:

1. Review the potential of existing renewable energy options for accessing carbon

revenues.

2. Create and establish community based institutional structure for sustenance of

initiatives.


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3. Create and support community based mechanism for maintenance for Renewable

Energy Units.

4. Create opportunity for new livelihood options and enhance productivity of existing

livelihood options by use of renewable energy.

5. Promote good business models through public, private community partnership.

6. Establish microfinance facility for renewable energy projects.

7. Training and capacity building of project personnel and community.

This project helps us to interact with the people of 20 villages which were a great experience for

us. We feel like we are also a part of village system. We felt that the development of the whole

country residing in the field of the villages. Our RAC topic is to make INSTITUTIONAL

ASSESMENT in all the 20 villages. Followings are the name of 20 villages:-

KESHARPUR JAMJARKE NODHANA

SATPOUTIA SANBADTALIA KUILISUTA

SANSARSPOSI KANJIA AMPUNJA

DARDARA KEUTUNIMARI SANNUAGAON

1MADHAPUR KOTHABILA DUDHIASULE

PANDASULE TIKAYATPUR KHAIRBANI

KALADAM CHELIKANI

OBJECTIVE OF RAC:The main objectives are:-

To make the rural people aware of getting the benefits from the developmental

programmes.

To give them accurate tools & technique so that they could utilize the benefit of that

progrmme.

METHODOLOGY:Followings are the qualitative & quantitative methods we have followed:-

QUALITATIVE-

FGDs with selected stakeholder.


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Intensive discussion with various stake holders of the groups or communities.

Village & institutional profiling.

QUNTITATIVE-

Review of records & secondary information.

Marking of institutions through a parameter.

ACTIVITY PROFILE/AGENDA:-The following task was assigned to us by the host organization,

To make an institutional assessment in every village.

To identify the active community or individual in 20 villages of Kuliana & Chandua

block.

RAC PLACE AND PERIOD:-We conducted our RAC in 20 villages of KULIANA AND CHANDUA block for 3 weeks.

IMPLEMENATATION PROCESS :-Participation is a key word for any improvement or development intervention in the desired area.

It provides the feedback from the persons who are closest to the situation and thus is the right

person to identify particular intricacies.

Fgd With Selected Stake Holders

For completion of our RAC, i.e. institutional assessment, we need to identify the community or

group in every of our assigned village. Organizations field staff Mr. ashok Chandra patra helps

us to our target groups. Then we had organized a focus group discussion with every identified

group like SHG, VSS, JFM, CLUBS etc in the villages. There we discussed with them about the

activities, their scope of work, help from the government, implementation strategy,

responsibilities taken etc.

Intensive Discussion With Various Stake Holders Of The Institution

In our FGD we had come over a demerit i.e. the participation of every member of the group was

not involved in the discussion. Only the secretary & president were participating in the

discussion. Other members were dominated by them. So we planned to have a intensive


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discussion with different members of the group individually. We also asked some of question

regarding their institution. This method was really fruitful to us because the information which

was given by the president & secretary was cross checked.

Institutional ProfilingWe had a look over into their documents. There we found out their establishment year, working

period, loans taken, financial health of the organization.

Review Of Records And Secondary Information

There was some data with our host organization about the institutions in all the above villages

which helps us to gather more data about the institutions in our assigned villages. We also asked

some of the villagers about whether the organizations are productively working or not.

Marking Institutions With A Parameter

We had prepared a parameter to mark the institutions.

OUTCOMES Mainly SHGs are more active in all villages.

Out of 20 village shgs are active in 9 villages, vss are active in 5 villages, ward member

in 3 villages.

Rest of the 3 had not shown any kind of interest in this activity.

Women participation is more than men participation.

Different type of new ideas had come from the women community like community

biogas plant.

In some of villages the VSS committee was willing to take the responsibility.

Overall in all villages the meeting was successful due to the curiosity of the villagers to

gain knowledge about a new thing.

KEY SUCCESS FACTORS Host organization SPARDA has good skilled personnels in the field.

Mr. Sharda gautam who had guided us during RAC time.


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Field staff Mr. Ashok & Mr. Manoranjan who help during our activity.

Our reporting officer Mr. Suvendu panigrahi gave some useful tips which help us to

complete our RAC in a productive manner.

Especially the cooperation of villagers was a big factor for us.

LESSONS LEARNT:1) It was a very good lesson for me, and actually knows the problem that the worker is facing in

the field. I learn that how to deal with the people.

We should first hear them and try to get some information of their issues which they were facing

and after that give them the solution of what they need.

2) It is not easy to convince the village people in the initial process. As they refuse all the new

activity. But after if they convince with the matter then it helps a lot. They give their support andtheir valuable time. In village some people are soft hearted and they have very much hope form

the new person that arrived in their village specially the NGO people.

As they have hoped that some activity will change their way of living. But some people will not

listen to anyone and also create the negativity in others mind also.

There was one such incidence that has happen with us during one meeting, one woman says that

nothing will improve our condition and all these things are useless. We will do the things which

we were doing from the past; we cant do the things which you are saying to us. And on the

opposite side many womens was listening to us carefully and appreciate that we had given them

a good knowledge that can help them. But at the end of the day we are able to convince that

woman also. After that she apologizes about the way they were behaving. This is really a good

lesson to learn that how to convince the people.

3) Doing work in a responsible way:

When we reach in the villages for our RAC, we have a responsibility for two sides first as a

student we have the responsibility of the college reputation, and second the responsibility of the

image of our host organization because we are doing the activity in villages where our host

organization has worked. So we have to take action by taking these activities in our mind. And

we achieve this.


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OVERALL EXPERIENCE AS GRASSROOT CHANGE AGENT:-This firsthand experience in village for such a long time gave us enough exposure to know

village from scratch.

Often we were intrigued by the question that what difference it will make, if we use the top down

approach or bottom up approach for development, in both the cases we had to bring about a

positive change in the lives of the rural poor. Actually, we found that various initiatives taken

with the top down approach did not bear enough results and prove injustices to the rural live. The

important insight which we got from the village stay was that we cannot bracket all the villagers

together and no generalization can be made.

To make the various development initiatives sustainable we must try to achieve a proper balance

between both the external and the internal factors responsible for the current situation. This is

because sustainable development cannot be achieved if the external factors are strong without

internal preparedness.

It is compulsory to understand the village dynamics in terms of political, economical and

traditional before starting collecting information. Sometimes I felt the need of cross checking of

information. In that situation if we know the villagers equation well then it will help a lot.

Sometimes cultural factors create a great havoc.

We personally felt this thing that when you are going to a village other than you own area then

you must understand the cultural differences between yours and theirs. Because something maygood in your culture may create disastrous in their culture

As part of the curriculum, in the first term we learnt through classroom sessions and the village

stay segment gave us the opportunity to learn through experiences. Learning may lead to a

change of behavior in an individual and lead him to formulate new conceptual knowledge

regarding attitudes, values etc. The field work has given experiences and memories which will

help me shape long term goals for us.


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THEME PAPER

ACCESS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY: AN ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT PARAMETER IN RURAL AREAS OFMAYURBHANJ.

SOCIETY FOR PEOPLES AWARENESS AND RURAL

DEVELOPMENT ACTION (SPARDA)

Kiit school of Rural Management

Kiit University

Bhubaneswar


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INTRODUCTION

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight, water, wind, rain,

tides, geothermal sources and biomass sources as energy crops. India is said to be one of the

seven largest consumers of energy, but the growing gap between consumption and domestic

output is a cause of concern.

Indias share in global oil reserves is about 0.5%, where as its share in global consumption is

about 3%. India is still dependent to extent of 30% - 35% on non commercial fuel sources like

cow dung, firewood, agricultural waste etc. The growing energy needs of the economics,

specifically India, risk enhanced environmental damage from conventional carbon based sources

of energy.

The pressure on petrol is mounting & we have to concentrate on conservation of petroleum.

Towards conservation of petroleum consumption, the government has to ration supplies of

cooking gas, kerosene & petrol, improve power generation, and focus on alternative sources of

energy such as - solar, wind & bio-fuels, setup energy standards for all vehicles and a mass

awareness for conservation. As the countrys petroleum bill grows & future supplies look

volatile or insecure, alternative needs to be explored.

Renewable sources of energy vary widely in their cost effectiveness and

their availability across the world. Although water, wind and other renewable may appear free,

their cost comes in collecting, harnessing and transporting the energy so that it can do usefulwork. Renewable energy technology like solar, biomass, hydro etc are deployed both in rural and

urban areas to curb the growing gap between the demand and supply of power, which is due to

increase in the per capita energy consumption and importantly, the much hyped climate change

concern. At 10464 MW, India presently ranks fifth in the world in wind generation. The future of

solar photovoltaic development in India seems to be very bright.

The 6 renewable energy sources used most often are - :

Solar

Wind

Geothermal

WaterHydropower


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Biomassincluding wood and wood waste, municipal solid waste, landfill gas, biogas,

ethanol and biodiesel

Hydrogen

ENERGY AND POVERTY:

Over 600 million Indians, have no access to electricity- reflected in the relatively low

Human development index

Poor people spend up to a third of their income on energy, mostly to cook food

Women, in particular, devote a considerable amount of time to collecting, processing and

using traditional fuel for cooking-time which could be spent on child care, education or

income generation.

Several people die every year due to illness related to smoke from cooking fire

Pressure on the environment

Poverty eradication will not be achieved without energy to increase production and

income, create jobs and reduce drudgery energy is a crucial factor for getting out of

poverty traps.

FOCUS:

The project is focusing about four things, these are -:

Solar cooker

Improved Chula

Bio gas

Solar light

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The prime objectives are:

Promote renewable energy to meet the energy needs of the community

Economic development of rural areas by improving access to renewable energy

Promote renewable energy based enterprises with focus on income generation.

To increase the access and use of renewable energy for meeting the energy needs in

the rural areas through a community based approach


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Formulating and piloting approach and implementation structure that will be

mainstreamed through government systems and market based mechanisms.

RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANNING FRAMEWORK:

The below figure describes the planning framework of the project

Methodology:

The methodology adopted by us is as follows

Focus Group discussions ( FGD) with stake holder

Key informant interviews Intensive discussion with various stakeholder

In-depth Discussion with PRI members

Village and institutional profiling

House hold survey

- Assessing the status of key socio economic indicators

RaisingAwareness levelof people about

RET

Prepairing "list" ofinterested

households,groupsand enterprises

Prepairing

detailed energyusage profile ofthe interestedparticipants

Enumerating financiallinkage alternatives

for interestedparticipants

evolving linkagewith suppliers of

necessaryequipment and

raw material

Identification & trainingof the urja

vahaks

service feesmechanisim

formaintainanc

e


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- Experience of households on programme process

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Project villages:

20 villages in 3 Gram panchayats of Kuliana Block, mayurbhanj is selected area for study.

Three Gram panchayats are Nodhana panchayat (8 villages), Purunapani panchayat (7 villages)

and keutanimari panchayat (5 villages). The number of households across villages ranges

between 46 to 278. Around 73.25% population in the project villages is BPL, 50% of the

population is OBC and 39% of the populations are under ST category.

Source of Data:

The required data are collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was

collected from the villages through various methods which included the questioner prepared

under the supervision of Mr. Sarda Gautam (SPARDA), PRA exercises, focused group

discussion, Village transect work, formal meetings and interviews. Others data are collected by

us with the help of field staff who were working for SPARDA.

Instruments and methods used in collecting data:

The meeting was conducted during the preliminary stage of the study covering almost all

assigned villages. It helped in acquiring firsthand information. PRA exercise like chapattidiagram and problem identification was used to collect proper selective information. Apart from

that questioner prepared by us and formal meeting was giving us ample of information regarding

the project. The discussion held during the meeting with sarpanch, ward member and SHG

members helped in developing an insight about the peop les perception and evaluation of their

current situation.

DATA ANALYSIS:

Statistical tolls like graphs, bar charts, averages, percentage, ranking, institutional assessment

used to analyzed the data collected.


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LIMITATIONS:

Most of the villages ward members were demanding for money to arrange a meeting.

Since the place was very risky in terms of staying back after 7.30 pm this even shortened

the time of interview.

Proper channel of visualization will make some worthful impacts comparison to laptop

screen.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

SOLAR COOKER:

Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation. India

receives solar energy equivalent to over 5000 trillion kWh/year, which is far more than the total

energy consumption of the country. Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy.

It does not belong to any body and is, therefore, free. It is also the most important of the non-

conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting and, therefore, helps in lessening the

greenhouse effect.

When we hang out our clothes to dry in the sun, we use the energy of the sun. In the

same way, solar panels absorb the energy of the sun to provide heat for cooking. Humanitarian

organizations are promoting solar energy use worldwide to help slow deforestation and

desertification, caused by using wood as fuel for cooking. Solar cookers are a form of outdoor

cooking and are often used in situations where minimal fuel consumption is important, or the

danger of accidental fires is high. The basic principles of solar cookers are

Concentrating sunlight: Some device, usually a mirror or some type of reflective

metal, is used to concentrate light and heat from the sun into a small cooking area,

making the energy more concentrated and therefore more potent.

Converting light to heat: Any black on the inside of a solar cooker, as well as

certain materials for pots, will improve the effectiveness of turning light into heat. A

black pan will absorb almost all of the sun's light and turn it into heat, substantially

improving the effectiveness of the cooker. Also, the better a pan conducts heat, the

faster the oven will work.

Trapping heat: Isolating the air inside the cooker from the air outside the cooker

makes an important difference. Using a clear solid, like a plastic bag or a glass cover,

will allow light to enter, but once the light is absorbed and converted to heat, a


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plastic bag or glass cover will trap the heat inside. This makes it possible to reach

similar temperatures on cold and windy days as on hot days.

(Parabolic solar cooker) (Box solar cooker)

ADVANTAGES:

- Solar ovens can be used to prepare anything that can be made in a conventional oven or

stove from baked bread to steamed vegetables to roasted meat. Since solar ovens are

placed outside, they do not contribute unwanted heat inside houses.

- Solar cookers use no fuel, which means that their users do not need to fetch or pay for

firewood, gas, electricity, or other fuels.

- Solar cookers do not produce any smoke.

- Unlike cooking over an open fire, children cannot be burned by touching solar cookers,

which are made from the cardboard or plastic and do not get hot. Unlike all fuel-based

cooking arrangements, solar cookers are not fire hazards.

DISADVANTAGES:

- Solar cooking system provides hot food during or shortly after the hottest part of the day,

when people are less inclined to eat a hot meal.

- Solar cookers take longer time to cook food compared to an oven. Using a solar oven

therefore requires that food preparation be started several hours before the meal.


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- Solar cookers are less usable in cloudy or rainy weather, so some fuel-based backup heat

source must still be available to cook food at these times.

BIOGAS:

India has a lot of organic wastes that are generated from the various agricultural and agro

industries, which need to be appropriately decomposed and degraded. Biogas is generated

through of anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes or any other bio-degradable materials.

This process is not only helps in disposing of waste, which would otherwise be polluting the

environment, and also a fuel to energy scarce areas. It is a type of gas that is formed by the

biological breakdown of organic matter in an oxygen deficient environment. It is encountered as

an ecofriendly biofuel. Thus it is an appropriate and renewable energy sources dependant solely

on wastes, which is abundant in nature so it is cheap and provides a decentralized fuel for the

most rural areas. Biogas can be generated from cattle dung, human excreta, leaves, oilcakes etc.

But due to the various and community constraints cattle dung has been found to be one of the

better resources of biogas production thus in India it has been known as Gobar (dung) gas.

The salient features of biogas are as follows:

Convenient cooking fuel

Upgrades the sanitary conditions of the village

Prevents deforestation and withholds environmental degradation

Cheap and appropriate lighting gas

Can be used in dual-fuel engine for generation of electricity of pumping water in

irrigation facilities

The remaining slurry from the biogas plant is a humus rich high quality organic fertilizer

Improves the hygienic condition of the kitchen

Eco-friendly and uses wastes

The Deenabandhu model is new biogas production model popular India. (Deenabandhu means

friend of the helpless.). The unit usually has a capacity of 2 to 3cubic meters. It is constructed

using bricks. In India biogas cost is around 16,000 per 2 cubic meters, however Indias ministry

of non conventional energy sources offers some subsidies per model constructed. Biogas is

now running diesel engines, gas generators, kitchen ovens, geysers other utilities.


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(Biogas model)

ADVANTAGES:

It will remove the fear that the world will one day face shortage crisis of natural gas. And

Government will spend less for imported gas.

Biogas will enable majority of communities in different countries, to participate actively

in the power sector, since these raw materials would be extracted from these communities

in various countries of the world. And thereby encourage rapid development from the

Rural Areas in various countries of the world.

Biogas would bring about jobs creation, and encourages new inventions like chemical

experiments, Agricultural development and methods of improving large scale farming.

Then, more industries would be created, and a new improved living would be

experienced by low income earners in the populace, and this would reduce urban

congestion in most countries.

DISADVANTAGES:

The biogas yields are lower due to the dilute nature of substrates.


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The process is not very attractive economically (as compared to other biofuels) on a large

industrial scale.

Recombinant DNA technology and even strain improvement techniques cannot be used

to enhance the efficiency of the process.

The only improvement in the process can be brought about by optimizing the

environmental conditions of the anaerobic digestion.

SOLAR LIGHT:

Solar home lighting system or solar photovoltaic domestic lighting system is a solar powered

fixed light system, which gives Omni- directional and pure white light. A solar home lighting

system is ideal for areas, which have no electricity or are undergoing frequent power cuts. It is

suitable for all type of houses with abundant sunlight particularly in non- electrified areas in the

remote corners of the state.

Solar energy through the process of photovoltaic effect powers the battery for running solar

home lighting systems. Energy from the sun is extracted by the solar cells so conventional

electricity or energy is not required at allduring a sunny day, the PV module placed in

sunlight and connected by cable to the battery in the solar home lighting system, absorbs the

energy in the battery. In the evening, the charged battery provides the electrical energy to light

the lighting device.

ADVANTAGES:

long life

Higher reliability

Non polluting

Works without any recurring and expensive conventional energy sources

The home lighting system also works on lightly cloudy days


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(Solar home light) (Solar LED light)

DISADVANTAGE:

Initial Costs:

While solar powered Christmas lights could save money in the long run on your energy

bill, the initial cost is generally higher than traditional incandescent lights. On average,

forty feet of solar LED Christmas lights costs 1600.

Sun dependency:Relying on the suns rays for energy, solar powered Christmas lights must be placed

where they will receive adequate sunlight. Without enough sunlight, the batteries will not

fully charge, causing the lights to shine dimly and for only a few hours.

Overheating:

If overheating does occur, they will not function properly and will not shine as brightly

and eventually may stop working.

Appearance:

Solar powered Christmas lights can have different shapes and colors than incandescent

bulbs, so expect a slight change in your light displays appearance. Also, while solar

powered Christmas lights generally shine brighter, they have only one degree of

brightness.


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IMPROVED CHULAH:

In India, fuel- wood is one of the major sources of cooking fuel. Traditional wood cook stoves

(chulah) consumes huge amount of wood as these are not scientifically designed for efficiency.

Improved cook stoves are the models designed in such a manner so that in order to make them

environmental friendly.

In traditional models of wood- cookstoves, the heat generated from the combustion of wood is

largely lost due to the open mouth of chulha and thin walls. In the improved chulah the heat of

combustion is concentrated and in a particular direction in the chulha thereby conveying all the

heat to the bottom of the cooking utensil.

In fixed models, the provision of chimney effects removes the smoke while regulating the heat

transfer. These are made out of mud, AC pipe chimney, cowl, prefabricated tunnels and pottery

lining.

ADVANTAGES:

Reduce fuel-wood consumption leading to saving of trees and thus ecologically better

than traditional model of cook-stoves.

Energy efficient thus reducing the cooking time

Reduction /elimination of smoke and soot , thus more hygienic

Economic for the rural people

Reduction of deforestation

Cheap and viable for even the poorest of the poor

Reduce the drudgery of women and children

There is no change in cooking culture of the family/community

Though it doesnt remove the dependence on fuel-wood but helps save fuel wood


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(Improved chulha)

COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Assumption-

An average family of 6 persons uses 200 kg/month

Price of firewood: Rs3/kg Average cooking time 6hrs/day

Average firewood savings and time savings 30%

Average stove price: Rs 450

Financial benefit: Rs 60/month

Time saving: 2 hrs/day

Payback period 7.5 months

FINDINGS, OBSERVATION AND RECOMMENDATION:

General findings:

The survey was conducted on 20 villages where we found male respondents were 42% and

female respondents were 58%.


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Respondant distribution-

Source: questionnaire survey

Tolls using by people for cooking:

We observed several things of villagers when we were doing formal meeting. We get to know

the amount of instruments used by them for cooking

36%

64%

Male Female


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Problems facing by people for cooking:

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

firewood Kerosene Dung cake Solar Biogas

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Smoky

Uncontroled fame

Adverse effects on health

dusty

expensive


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MAJOR FINDINGS:

We found out some valuable information about the 4 things. People appreciate the renewable

energy concept very much, they are keen interested for demonstration. Some people wanting the

appropriate cost of the renewable energy sources. They are conscious about the surroundings but

the absence of money doesnt allow them to cross their circumstances.

The good thing we noticed about the villagers they feel that alternative

energy resources can be good for rural communities and consumers

ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERNECONOMIC GROUP:

APL 100% 4.67% 96.26% 2.80% 27.10% 38.32% 49.53%

BPL 100% 6.48% 98.98% 1.02% 35.15% 38.91% 52.22%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Fire wood Dung cake Kerosene LPG Biomass Electricity Battery

APL

BPL


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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS DISTANCE, TIME AND QUANTITY:

With increasing distance, quantity of collection will be less

Doesnt reflect amount collected for dung fertilizer

Longest collection time per unit fuel

RESPONSE ON ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES:

When we were conducting meeting with villagers in different villages, we made a questionnaire

about the renewable energy sources and get to know the particular data of people regarding our

project. We measure that improved chulha is the prime focus of the villagers comparisons to all

other sources due to the lees amount.

2.5

0.68

1.97

1.497

4.36

5.31

3.71

0.86

1.52

11.14

5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Firewood Dung cake Biomass Kerosene

Distance

travelled(km/person/trip)

Time Ellapsed(hr/person/trip)

Resource procurement(kg or

lt/person/trip)


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OBSERVATION:

The basic problem for cooking is not a problem in the village but in the rainy seasons and

unavailability of wood leads to problems and they had to go for long distance to collect

wood.

They spent a lot of time for collecting wood

We saw that some households had biogas plant but the issue is that due to the stagnate

position; people want some more clarification about the model before they apply.

Recommendation:

Before actually implementing prepare the people towards the usage of alternative energy sources

by showing the actual benefits in all aspects whether it be reducing the cooking expense or it is

minimize the usage of wood or it be the use of the waste for the purpose. Before implementing

whole project this very important there should be all sorts of ways done like showing them thedemonstration of each model.

Train the people by professionals towards keeping the sources of renewable energy smooth,

clear and functioning so that they can be reliant. This can be done to the youth of the village as

this will help them to make some money for them self.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

solar cooker biogas solar light improved chulha

Good

It's ok

Bad

Very bad


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CONCLUSION:

Meeting the basic energy needs of the poorest people on this planet is a moral and social

imperative that can and must be pursued in concert with sustainability objectives.

Renewable energy in its many forms offers immense opportunities for technological

progress and innovation.

Biofuel hold great promise for simultaneously addressing climate change and energy

security concern.


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NSS ACTIVITY

National service scheme (NSS) is an Indian government-sponsored program under the

department of youth Affairs & Sports of the Government of India. It was launched on September

24, 1969. The symbol for the NSS has been based on the giant Rath wheel of the world famous

konark sun temple situated in odisha, India. The wheel portrays the cycle of creation,

preservation and release and signifies the movement in life across in time and space, the symbols

thus stands for continuity as well as change and implies the continuous of NSS for social change.

The eight bars in the wheel represent the 24 hours of a day. The red colour indicates that the

volunteer is full of young blood that is lively, active, energetic and full of high spirit. The navy

blue colour indicates the cosmos of which the NSS is tiny part, ready to contribute its share for

the welfare of the mankind.

AIM:This programme is to inculcate the social welfare thoughts in the students, and to provide

service to the society without any prejudice. NSS volunteers work hard day and night to ensure

that every one in our society who is needy gets the every possible help from them so that they

can also enhance their standards and lead a life of dignity in the society with all of us.

MOTTO:The motto of NSS not me but you reflects the essence of democratic living and upholds the

need for selfless service. NSS helps the student develop appreciation to other persons point of

view and also show consideration to other living beings.

OBJECTIVE:The main objectives of National service scheme (NSS) are:

i. Understand the community in which they work

ii. Understand themselves in relation to their community

iii. Identify the needs and problems of the community and involve in the problem

solving

iv. Develop among themselves a sense of social and civic responsibility


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v. Utilize their knowledge in finding practical solutions to individual and community

problems

vi. Acquire leadership qualities and democratic attitudes.

We did some National service scheme activities keeping all the above things in mind. It was a

great experience as well as learning for both of us.

SCHEDULE OF NSS ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED DURINGVILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT:S. NO. DATE Activities Participants

1 22-01-11 Childrens education & computer

awareness programme

school teacher

school childrens

drop outs childrens

2 24-01-11 Making childrens comfortable for

cleaning the village and school

campuses.

School childrens

School teachers

including principal

3 26-01-11 We celebrated 26th

January in a school of

kothabila village. We gave speeches on

various issues like importance of

education, saving jungle, women

education & empowerment.

Ward member

Village leader

Principal of the

school

Guest


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4

26-01-11 Make rally on protecting jungle issue School childrens

School teachers

including principal

5 26-01-11 Arrange a cultural activities among the

school childrens including

Singing, dancing and debate competition

ward member

school childrens

village leader school

principal guest

ACTIVITIES IN DETAILS:(i) Childrens education and computer awareness program -:

When we saw the school we were astonished because in that village the condition of the school

was much better than other school in the same block (kuliana block).The school strength was

293,around 85% seats were occupied by tribal students. The teachers in kothabila Sebashrama

School were very dedicated towards their work but we got to know that students were unaware

about computer & its application. So we decided to help students by spending some time teach

them. Students were enjoyed a lot and we love their company. Then we gave some valuable

information about education to the tribal student. Finally we suggested the school principal to

give computer knowledge to the students so that the future of the student can be fertilized.

(ii) Making childrens comfortable for cleaning the village & school campuses-:

It was very interesting task for the childrens in kothabila village. Before start we gave a b rief

idea about the benefits of the topic and the childrens were motivated to participate in cleaning

the village & school campuses.

(iii) 26th January celebration-:It was a nice experience to celebrate the 62th republic day with the kids of kothabila sebashrama

of kothabila village. The principal of the school approved our proposal for our NSS activities

with their children. The program stated at 7.30 a.m. Village leader with the sarapanch was the


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chief guest in that function. Flag hoisting was done by the other guest came from the same block

at 8.15 a.m. After that we gave brief speech about various issues like importance of education,

saving jungle, women education and empowerment etc. The principal appreciated us a lot.

(iv) Rally on protecting jungle-:

The word jungle originates from the Sanskrit word jungala which referred to uncultivated land.

The villager specially depends upon the jungle for their livelihoods so we decide to make a rally

upon the jungle issue. Mayurbhanj district is covered by full of jungle but abundant cutting trees

has been hampering the jungle. We two made some slogan in regional language, so that people

can understand the importance of jungle & environment. The slogans are - ama samastakanra

gotia daka savinyen misi jungle rakha, grama basi ek hua jungle surakhya ku agey nia,

paribesa jebe nasta heba roga byadhi sabu madi asiba. Almost all of the school childrens

including principal, teachers, sarapanch & SHG members were actively participated in that rally.

At last sarapanch as well as principal of that school appreciated our work. In this way we

completed our rally in very prosperous manner.

(iv) Cultural activities-:After successfully completion of rally we arranged cultural activities among the students. It

includes singing, dancing and debate competition. The cultural programme started with a

welcome song sung by the students. Students from different classes actively participated in the

cultural activities. We assigned chief guest as the judge of the programme. The cultural

programme continued for an hour in which many students participated in different events. After

the completion of the programme chief guest announced the winner from different category and

gave the students their reward. The eye-catching activities was a duet dance performed by tribal

girls in their local language, it was awesome. Finally we gave them a consolation prize.

After completion of the cultural activities we gave a memento

as a vote of thanks to the chief guest and the principal of the school from KIIT School of rural

management, Bhubaneswar. It was a great experience as well as learning from both of us while

performing all these activities. In this way we celebrated Republic day and accomplished ourNSS activities.


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satyapriya sahu(10201044) & soumya ranjan rout 10201052

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