saudinic domain name...
TRANSCRIPT
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SaudiNICSaudiNICDomain Name RegistrationDomain Name Registration
©A. Al-Zoman
Abdulaziz H. Al-ZomanDirector of Saudi Network Information Center (SaudiNIC)
Internet Services Unit
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Objective of this presentationObjective of this presentationObjective of this presentationObjective of this presentation
l Enhancing the communication
between US and YOU
l Sharing the knowledge
©A. Al-Zoman
l Understanding SaudiNIC
procedures and regulations
l Speeding up the registration process
l Knowing one’s responsibilities
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AgendaAgendaAgendaAgenda
l Introduction and background
l Domain Name System (DNS)
l Example of setting up a zone
l Who does the registration on the Internet?
©A. Al-Zoman
l SaudiNIC
m Statistics
m Regulations
m Registration Procedures
m Registration System
l Summary
l Q & A
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Introduction and BackgroundIntroduction and Background
©A. Al-Zoman
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Basic Communication Basic Communication RequirementRequirementBasic Communication Basic Communication RequirementRequirement
212.26.18.4
www.saudinic.net.sawww.saudinic.net.sa
©A. Al-Zoman
Internet
198.77.88.4
I want to access SaudiNIC web site:
www.saudinic.net.sawww.saudinic.net.sa
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What is naming and why?What is naming and why?
l Naming is the mechanism to
bind names to IP addresses
and vice versa.
l People don’t like to remember
numbers
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proxy.isu.net.sa is easier to
remember than 212.26.18.10
l Domain names are easier for
most people to relate to than a
numeric IP address
l System administrators
sometimes need to change IP
numbers
201201..2323..6767..88
www.saudinic.net.sa
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What is a domain name?What is a domain name?
l It uniquely identifies a host on the Internet
l It simplifies the interaction with hosts on the Internet
l A domain name is mapped to its corresponding IP
address before interactions
Domain names are organized on hierarchical
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l Domain names are organized on hierarchical
structure. e.g.,
computer .department.organization .type .country
pc7.scrs.kacst.edu.sa
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SLDSLD
TLDTLD
Hierarchical name treeHierarchical name tree
.
sasaegegukukedueducomcom . . .. . .
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SLDSLDeduedu comcom govgov
yahooyahoo mitmit
kacstkacst ksuksu
alpha sun2000
coxcox coycoy
foo
alpha.kacst.edu.sa foo.cox.com.sa
ftp
ftp.mit.edu
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TopTop--Level DomainsLevel DomainsTopTop--Level DomainsLevel Domains
l Open generic Top-Level
Domains (gTLD):
m .com
m .org
m .net
Restricted generic Top-
l Country ccTLD (2 letters):
l There are ~ 243 ccTLD:
m .ae United Arab Emirates
m .au Australia
m .bh Bahrain
.kw Kuwait
©A. Al-Zoman
l Restricted generic Top-
Level Domains (gTLD):
m .mil
m .edu
m .gov
m .int
m .kw Kuwait
m .de Germany
m .eg Egypt
m .in India
m .pk Pakistan
m .sa Saudi Arabia
m .uk United Kingdom
m .za South Africa
m A
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Domain Name SystemDomain Name System
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What is a domain name system?What is a domain name system?What is a domain name system?What is a domain name system?
l DNS developed to keep track of hostnames and IP
addresses throughout the Internet
l It consists of distributed, independent, and
cooperative systems, called domain name serversdomain name servers
These servers are arranged corresponding to the
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l These servers are arranged corresponding to the
naming hierarchy (i.e., based on domain name tree)
l Each DNS server maintains the data for a small part
of the tree
m Therefore, the DNS is distributed databases on many
domain name servers
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DNS: DNS: Distributed and HierarchicalDistributed and HierarchicalDNS: DNS: Distributed and HierarchicalDistributed and Hierarchical
l There is NO single file for all domain names but
rather distributed databases on DNS servers
l Domain name registration is not centralized but
rather distributed to many organizations
This hierarchical manner allows for
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l This hierarchical manner allows for
m decentralized administration of name-to-address mapping
m delegation of responsibility and autonomy of each area
l Example:
m Administrator of sharikah.com.sa can change their zone
(e.g., adding a jeddah-branch.sharikah.com.sa zone)
without bothering com.sa administrator (SaudiNIC)
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Type of DNS ServersType of DNS Servers
l Primary server.
m Gets its data from “zone files”
m Zone files are updated on the primary server
l Secondary server.
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l Secondary server.
m Copies zone-data from primary name-server
m Provides backup and load sharing
m Refreshes frequently
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ExampleExampleSetting up A Zone File Setting up A Zone File On A Primary DNS ServerOn A Primary DNS Server
sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.sa
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Example: Example: sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.saExample: Example: sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.sa
l A company would like to register a domain name
m Check SaudiNIC whois database:
– http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/whois.htm
m Contact a local ISP (isp.net.sa) to do, for example:
– Domain name hosting (zone file configuration)
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– Domain name hosting (zone file configuration)
– Mail services (mail relay configuration)
m The ISP is using the following DNS servers:
– Primary DNS: ns.isp.net.sa
– Secondary DNS: ns2.isp.net.sa
– Secondary DNS: ns1.usa-isp.com
m and the following Mail servers
– Mail server: mail.isp.net.sa
– Backup mail server: netserv.isp.net.sa
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TerminologyTerminologyTerminologyTerminology
l Zone: is the area (domain) of the DNS for which a server
is responsible
l Zone file: is a text file consist of records (lines) with a specific
format containing the zone information (e.g., DNS
servers, table of IP addresses-host names, A)
SOA (Start Of Authority) record: contains the information that
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l SOA (Start Of Authority) record: contains the information that
other name servers will learn about this domain
(e.g., who is the primary DNS, how frequent a
secondary should refresh its files, how long the
data should be cached, ...)
l NS record: denotes the name servers that are authoritative for
this zone
l MX record: specifies where to send email destined for the
corresponding machine or domain
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Primary DNS Configuration FilePrimary DNS Configuration File
…
//etc/named.bootetc/named.boot
First Step: First Step: Instruct the DNS server to be a primary server for Instruct the DNS server to be a primary server for
sharikah.com.sasharikah.com.sa
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…
primary sharikah.com.sa db.sharikah
…
…
zone “sharikah.com.sa” {
type master;
file ”db.sharikah";
};
…
//etc/named.confetc/named.conf
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The complete zone for: The complete zone for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
; Nameservers
@ IN SOA ns.isp.net.sa hostmaster.isp.net.sa
( 99060201; Serial Number
28800 ; Refresh 8 hours
7200 ; Retry 2 hours
604800 ; Expire 7 days
86400 ; TTL 1 days )
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; Nameservers
IN NS ns.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns2.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns1.isp-usa.com.
; host-address table
www IN A 192.168.10.1
info IN A 192.168.10.2
IN MX 10 mail.isp.net.sa.
IN MX 20 netserv.isp.net.sa.
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Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
@ IN SOA ns.isp.net.sa hostmaster.isp.net.sa
( 99060201; Serial Number
28800 ; Refresh 8 hours
7200 ; Retry 2 hours
604800 ; Expire 7 days
86400 ; TTL 1 days )
©A. Al-Zoman
l Start Of Authority (SOA) sets `zone parameters':
m Caches refresh parameters
m Secondary DNS servers refresh parameters
m Zone serial number
m email: [email protected]
m primary: ns.isp.net.sa
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Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
;Primary and secondary nameservers:
IN NS ns.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns2.isp.net.sa.
IN NS ns1.isp-usa.com.
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l NS records list DNS servers for the zone
m the primary server as well as secondary servers
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Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
IN MX 10 mail.isp.net.sa.
IN MX 20 netserv.isp.net.sa.
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l MX-record lists where mail is delivered
m The mail will be delivered first to the one with the lowest
precedence number
m Others are backup in case of delivery problems
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Setting up a zone file for: Setting up a zone file for: db.sharikahdb.sharikah
; host-address table
www IN A 192.168.10.1
info IN A 192.168.10.2
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l “A” records map names to IP addresses
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Domain Name Registration Domain Name Registration On The InternetOn The Internet
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Who does the registration on the Who does the registration on the Internet?Internet?Who does the registration on the Who does the registration on the Internet?Internet?
l Top-Level Domains are the responsibility of IANA– Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
– Network Solutions Inc - InterNIC
l generic: gTLD (e.g., .com, .net, .org)
l country code: ccTLD (e.g., .sa, A)
– Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
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– Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
l For each ccTLD there is an entity that administers
the domain name registration: – Define the sub-domains (STD)
– Setup registration policy
– Control the registration under STD.
– Make sure that names do not conflict and are appropriate
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Who does the registration under Who does the registration under sasa--TLD?TLD?
l KACST- Saudi Network Information Center
(SaudiNIC)- since 1995.
l Managing Saudi domain name registration:
m edu.sa Academic institutes (e.g. Universities)
gov.sa Government organizations
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m gov.sa Government organizations
m com.sa Commercial entities
m net.sa ISPs
m org.sa Non-profit organizations
m med.sa Medical institutes (e.g., hospitals, clinics)
m sch.sa Schools (e.g., high schools, kindergarten)
m pub.sa For public - anything does not fit the above
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SaudiNIC SaudiNIC Domain Name Registration Domain Name Registration
StatisticsStatistics
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SaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC Statistics
Registered domains per year
615
500
600
700
Total: 864
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1 827
213
0
100
200
300
400
500
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
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SaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC Statistics
Registered domains in 1999
124
10096
129
100
120
140
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35
81
50
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1999
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SaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC StatisticsSaudiNIC Statistics
Registered domains per category
730
600
700
800
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46 34 299 7 9
0
100
200
300
400
500
com org net gov edu med sch
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SaudiNICSaudiNICDomain Name Registration Domain Name Registration
RegulationRegulation
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SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneral:General:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneral:General:
l Registration will continue as is until 14 Shawal 1420
m First come first served
m Based on legal documents (Commercial registration, trade
mark, A)
m Obvious derivation of the official name, trademark, or
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m Obvious derivation of the official name, trademark, or
activity
– English translation, transliteration, or abbreviation
l Starting 15 Shawal 1420 H, SaudiNIC will follow
m strictly first come first served.
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SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneralGeneral::SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationGeneralGeneral::
l Generic names (e.g., www, internet) and famous
people will not be registered under any domain
l Domain names are NOT for sale!
l Registering a domain name does not confer any
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l Registering a domain name does not confer any
legal rights to that name
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SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationApplicant:Applicant:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationApplicant:Applicant:
l The Applicant must be:– physically in KSA,
– belong to an entity registered in KSA, or
– belong to an entity that provides goods or services in KSA.
l Domain contacts:– Administrative contact must be located in KSA and from the entity
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– Administrative contact must be located in KSA and from the entity requesting the domain name
– Technical contact should be the one who are looking after the primary DNS server
l The Applicant agrees that:– information submitted is true
– domain name does not violate the right of a third-party
– it will not be used for any activity not permitted in KSA
– will inform SaudiNIC for any changes in the information
– will not register domain names for the purpose of selling them
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SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationRequirements:Requirements:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationRequirements:Requirements:
l A domain name application form
l A letter requesting the domain name registration– It must be on an official letterhead from the owner
l Legal documents (CR, TM, License, A)
At least two operational DNS servers hosting the
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l At least two operational DNS servers hosting the
domain name in question
l Applications are kept in a pending state– for three weeks until required documents are received
– then a warning message is sent
– if nothing is received within a week, SaudiNIC will reject the
request
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SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationDomain name format:Domain name format:SaudiNIC SaudiNIC -- RegulationRegulationDomain name format:Domain name format:
l A domain name is not case sensitive
l A domain name should be
m at least 3 and no more than 24 alphanumeric characters
m using the following characters: "A" - "Z", "0" - "9", and "-"
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m using the following characters: "A" - "Z", "0" - "9", and "-"
l The first character should be a letter (A-Z)
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SaudiNICSaudiNICDomain Name Registration Domain Name Registration
ProcedureProcedure
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomer (Five Steps)Customer (Five Steps)SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomer (Five Steps)Customer (Five Steps)
1. Check the availability of the domain name– SaudiNIC whois database:
http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/whois.htm
2. Configure at least two DNS servers
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2. Configure at least two DNS servers – One is a primary DNS; others are secondaries
– should be active and responsive to DNS queries BEFORE this
application is submitted.
– It is strongly recommended that the secondary name server(s) be
on a completely separate physical network
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomerCustomerSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureCustomerCustomer
l 3. Fill the form and send it to SaudiNIC– Online: http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/app-online.htm
– Text: http://www.isu.saudinic.sa/domain/app-text.htm
– Fax: + 966 1 481 3254
– Email: [email protected]
4. Mail or fax the following documents (customer):
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l 4. Mail or fax the following documents (customer):– a letter (on an official letterhead) requesting the domain name
– Legal documents (e.g., Commercial registration, Trade mark,
Membership of Chamber of Commerce, License, etc.)
l 5. Follow up the registration– check your email
– check SaudiNIC whois: http://www.saudinic.net.sa/domain/whois.htm
– if you have not received anything from SaudiNIC within 2 working
days, please contact [email protected]
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternalInternalSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternalInternal
Check
documentsrequest
problem
OKCheck
DNS
Servers
problem
Done!
Inform The
Customer
OK
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Rejection
Time (3-4 w)
problem
Pending
List
Inform The
Customer
correction
Pending
List
Inform The
Customer
problem
DNSs
are ready
Rejection
Time (3-4 w)
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step OneStep OneSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step OneStep One
l Receiving and Checking the Request
m User support + Helpdesk
m Receiving requests: email, fax, postal/hand, Web
m Inserting the new request into the SaudiNIC database
m Check the request:
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m Check the request:
– domain name availability
– completeness of required documents
– validity of the request
m Contact ISP/customer for any missing information or
problems
– a warning message will be sent after 3 weeks if no response is
received
– The request will be rejected if nothing is received within a week
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step TwoStep TwoSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step TwoStep Two
l Checking DNS servers
m At lease two DNS servers (Primary + Secondary)
m Accessible through the Internet
m Hosting the new domain name
l Contacting ISP/Customer for any problems
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l Contacting ISP/Customer for any problems
l Updating database
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SaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step ThreeStep ThreeSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureSaudiNIC Registration ProcedureInternal Internal -- Step ThreeStep Three
l Registration
m Adding the domain name to our zone file
m Updating the database
m Informing the ISP/Customer
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SaudiNIC Registration SystemSaudiNIC Registration SystemWhat has been done?What has been done?SaudiNIC Registration SystemSaudiNIC Registration SystemWhat has been done?What has been done?
l Database
l Online information
m web site: www.saudinic.net.sa
m online forms (text, web)
domain lookup (whois)
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m domain lookup (whois)
m Tracking system
m documents (FAQs, how-to, RFCs, Regulation)
l Automation
m Internal procedure
m Registration
m DNS server checking
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SummarySummarySummarySummary
l SaudiNIC will
m manage domain name
registration under .sa TLD
m Insure proper operation of
DNS
m delegate responsibilities to
l An ISP should
m be familiar with SaudiNIC
procedures and requirements
m cooperate with SaudiNIC to
help the customers
m represent customers for
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m delegate responsibilities to
ISPs to manage customer
domains
m support ISPs
l SaudiNIC can not
m delegate domain names not
under .sa
m represent customers for
registering domain names
m manage zone files of
delegated zones
m provide help and support to
customers
l An ISP should not
m be the owner of domains
m add more delay to the process
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That’s not all, I’d like to thankThat’s not all, I’d like to thankThat’s not all, I’d like to thankThat’s not all, I’d like to thank
l Dr. Ibrahim Al-Furaih
l Raed Al-Fayez
l Sami Al-Moghrabi
l Wael Al-Ghamdi
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Thanks for attending Thanks for attending andand
good lock in your businessesgood lock in your businesses
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Abdulaziz H. Al-Zoman
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