save money and energy with net-zero carbon buildings and … pdfs... · 2019-04-17 · why carbon...
TRANSCRIPT
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Save Money and Energy with Net-Zero Carbon Buildings and Institutions
Ohio EPA Sustainability ConferenceApril 17, 2019
Kelly KissockDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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Industrial Assessment Center Program
Goals
▪ Help industry be more resource-efficient and cost-competitive
▪ Train new energy engineers
▪ Advance practice and science of energy efficiency
Sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
▪ Began during 1970’s “energy crisis”
▪ 24 centers at universities throughout the U.S.
▪ 20 no-cost assessments per year for mid-sized manufacturers
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Helping Industry Be More Energy Efficient
UD-IAC conducted 998 assessments since 1981
▪ Savings opportunities: 12
▪ Simple payback: 2 years
▪ Identified savings: 12%
▪ Implemented savings: 6%
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Qualifying For A Free IAC Assessment
To qualify for a free assessment, you must:
▪ Be a water utility or a manufacturer with SIC code between 2000 –3999
▪ Have total annual energy costs between $100,000 - $2.5 million
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Contact Us!
go.udayton.edu/iac
(937) 229-3343
University Of DaytonIndustrial Assessment Center
A U.S. Department of Energy Sponsored Program
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Why Carbon
Neutrality Matters
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Why Carbon
NeutralityMatters
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Why Carbon
Neutrality Matters
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Climate:The Most Important
Story of Our Times
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Kick the Can or
Responsible Leadership?
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CO2 Emission Breakdown
Thermal Energy
Electricity
Fleet
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Approach to Carbon Neutrality
1. Energy Efficiency
2. Carbon Neutral Fleet
3. Renewable Electricity
4. Thermal Energy Generation
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Energy Efficiency
• LED Lighting Upgrades
• Air Handling Unit Fan Control
• Outdoor Air Control
• Chiller Plant Control
• Residential Thermostat Control
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LED Lighting Upgrades:Classrooms and Offices
• T8 to LED 35% savings
• Occupancy sensors 30% savings
• Dimming control 7% savings
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LED Lighting Upgrades:Visual Arts
Halogen to LED track lights
85% savings
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UD Frericks Center
400 W HID to 217 W LED(45% savings)
Occupancy sensors24/7 to 6/7 (75% savings)
Lighting now meets NCAA standards for nationally televised matches
LED Lighting Upgrades:Sports Venues
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AHU Control:Reduce Static Pressure Setpoint
Baseline: Pset = 1.5” Dampers 65% Open
Post Baseline: Pset = 1.0” Dampers 67% Open
26% Savings
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AHU Control:Max Damper Control
51% Savings
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Outdoor Air Control: Fix Economizers
10% Savings
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Outdoor Air Control:Reduce Foa,min
3% Savings
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Chiller Plant Control:Fix Cycling
5% Savings
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Chiller Plant Control:Control VSD with DP AHU
Pump
VSD
Chiller
ΔP
ΔP
19% Savings
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Increasing leaving water temperature at low loads from
(45 F and 0.92 kW/ton) to (60 F and 0.80 kW/ton) 13% Savings
kW/ton decreases as LWT increases Reset LWT with Toa
Chiller Plant Control:Reset Leaving Water Temperature
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Decreasing cooling tower water set point from
(70 F and 0.58 kW/ton) to (60 F and 0.50 kW/ton) 14% savings
kW/ton decreases as CWT decreases
Chiller Plant Control:Decrease Cool Tower Setpoint Temp
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Modify controls so variable-speed chiller is always trim.
5-10% Savings
Chiller Plant Control:Trim with VFD Chillers
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House Thermostat Control
1) Random Forest models to predict behavior
2) Vary control to save energy
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Energy Efficiency Summary
• Reduce energy use and carbon emissions by about 2% per year with 33% ROI and highest net present savings of all strategies.
• Savings pay for other measures.
• Improves resiliency by hedging against electricity price increases.
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Carbon Neutral Fleet
Low-speed electric vehiclesGEM: $15-25K, depending on battery choice (range 10-60 miles), 1400 lb. payload capacity
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Carbon Neutral Fleet
3000 lb payload, 80 mi range
Seats 16, 80 mi
Jaguar I-PACE 0-60 mph in 4.5 s 234 mi range
Chevy Bolt:0-60 mph in 6.3 s140-240 mi range
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Renewable Electricity: On-site
4,026 solar panels 1.26 MW at Curran Place and Fitz Hall.
Long-term power purchase agreement. University has option to purchase arrays after eight years.
Additional solar on 8 student houses, at RecPlex, and apartment
Solar provides 2% of UD electricity.
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Renewable Electricity: Virtual PPA
• “Contract for differences”
• Can contract with a different grid region
• Provides hedge to extent markets are correlated
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Virtual PPA Example
Strike price $40
$60
$60
$20 = $60-$40
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Thermal Energy Generation
Current thermal energy is from natural gas combustion• Humanities steam plant serves central campus
• Boilers in Fitz Hall & Curran Place
• Roof-top units in Stuart, Shroyer Park, Bombeck/Caldwell
• Furnaces and hot water heaters in student houses
Propose convert to campus wide hot water (130 °F)• Heat pumps with open-loop geothermal exchange
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Open-loop Water Heat Pumps:More Efficient with Geothermal Exchange
T
S
T=90 F
T
S
T=52 F
T
S
T=30 F
T
S
T=52 FHeating:
Cooling
To/From 52 F River WaterTo/From Air
E E
EE
From House From House
From Air From Water
To AirTo Water
To House To House
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Campus Distribution Piping
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Main Campus Thermal Load Profile
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Energy Savings: Main Campus and Curran Place
Main Campus Curran Place
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Cost Savings: Main Campus and Curran Place
Main Campus Curran Place
Gas
Gas
Elec
tric
ity
Elec
tric
ity
Elec
t.
Elec
t.
Note: Based on current (low)
gas prices.
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$212M
$218M(+3%)
~$2M~$10M
~$17M~$2M
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Social Cost of Carbon
• “Climate change is…the greatest market failure the world has ever seen.” – Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank
• One approach to internalizing the externalities of GHG emissions is to put a price on carbon
• Different groups have different numbers• Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group
• Institute for Policy Integrity
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
• $10/tonne $35/tonne $200/tonne infinite/tonne
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Educational Impacts
Emission Reduction StrategyEducational Value - Institutional Learning Goals Total
PointsGrade
1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency 3 3 3 3 1 3 16 89%
FleetElectric Vehicles 2 1 3 3 3 3 15 83%
Biodiesel Vehicles 2 1 2 1 2 2 10 56%
Thermal Energy Generation
Biomass 3 3 3 1 2 1 13 72%
Geothermal 3 3 3 2 2 2 15 83%
On-Site Solar PV
Rooftop (Lrg Bldg) 2 2 2 1 2 3 12 67%
Parking Canopies 2 2 2 1 3 3 13 72%
Rooftop (Houses) 3 2 3 3 3 3 17 94%
Off-Site Renewables
Local PPA 2 2 3 2 3 2 14 78%
Distant PPA 1 2 1 2 3 2 11 61%
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Questions/Discussion?