savoonga science and tek arctic imperative summit resources - george noongwook –
TRANSCRIPT
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SAVOONGAScience and TEK
Arctic Imperative SummitRESOURCES
- George Noongwook –
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Beaufort Sea
Chukchi Sea
Bering Sea Girdwood
Savoonga
RUSSIA
ALASKA
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EXTREMES
• Longest lived mammal (~ 150 yr)• Late age at sexual maturity (~20 yr)• Low body temperature (~92 F)• Longest baleen (~16 ft)• Thickest blubber (35”)• Best tasting
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Spring time
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Fall time
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Traditional Knowledge of the Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) around Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska
1.Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission / Native Village of Savoonga
2.Private Consultant – Eagle River
3.North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management - Barrow, AK
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TEK bowhead whale surveys indicated:
• 2 migratory routes recognized• Changes in abundance and distribution• Timing / direction of migrations• Identified migratory “staging area”• Identified several local feeding area• Increasing numbers of “ingutuks” or sub-adults
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Staging AreaMigrations
December/January
April/May
April/May
feeding, mating
feeding
Staging area in
May/June
Savoonga
Pugughileq
Gambell
Kiyalighaq
Northeast Cape
80 kilometers/50 miles
B e r i n g S e a
Saint Lawrence Island
Chukotka, Russia
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Ecological Change
Impact/ Response
Mediator
e.g. politics, regulation, inertia
e.g. economic/social system, personal
choice, culture
e.g. climate
Mechanism Connecting Change to Impact
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Angyaq
The Native people of Savoonga forever rely on marine mammals for food and domestic needs.
We will continue this tradition.
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Hauling up a whale
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Subsistence camp
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Birds &Eggs 4%Reindeer
2%
Marine Mammals
88%
Moose0% Non-Salmon
Fish 4%Other Land
Mammals 0%
Plants &Berries 1%
Salmon1%
Savoonga Savoonga: 2005-2006 Percent total subsistence harvest
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Zero days/wk0.0%
1 day/wk5%
2 days/wk2.1%
3 days/wk11.3%
4 days/wk14.9%
5 days/wk19.1%6 days/wk
5.0%
7 days/wk42.6%
2005-2006 Number of days per week use subsistence harvested foods, SavoongaSavoonga: 2005-2006 # days per week, subsistence food use
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Satellite-tagged bowhead locations and MODIS sea ice imagesMarch 2009
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The Tribe has regulated the taking of marine mammals in a respectful & non-wasteful manner (Consistent with MMPA, Constitution, and By-laws of the Native Village of Savoonga 1934)
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Survival depends upon community cooperation and sharing the marine mammal harvest
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All of our harvests!
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Environmental• Loss of marine mammal habitat
• Less availability of marine subsistence resources
• Subsistence resources less accessible – less predictable
• Longer travel in open seas – increase cost / increase risk
• Health of marine resources
• Disease
• Changing ecosystem: “new” animals / competition
CONCERNS/THREATS
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Industrial• Oil spills
• Ship strikes
• Acoustic disturbance / deflection
• Entanglement / marine trash
• Hazards to maritime subsistence activities
CONCERNS/THREATS
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Environmental• Fall whaling (1990)
OPPORTUNITY
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Gambell
Savoonga
Ju
lian
da
teWhale harvest
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OPPORTUNITY Industrial
• Direct communication with transiting vessels
• Training / education
• Mitigation measures
• Monitoring / other science opportunities
• Local employment
• Involvement in policy-making
• Tribal government representation
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Acknowledgements• Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, Captains / Crews• Barrow Whaling Captains Association• Savoonga Whaling Captains Association• North Slope Borough, Wildlife Department• Mayor’s Office, North Slope Borough• University of Washington• Colorado State University• NOAA / National Marine Fisheries Service• Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game• Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks – Marine Advisory Program• Texas A&M University• BP and Conoco-Phillips
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Igamsiqanaghalek!