saw-based rfid for nasa ground facilities and planetary habitats
DESCRIPTION
SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats. Patrick W. Fink/Richard Barton October 13, 2008. Phong Ngo G. D. Arndt, Ph.D. Julia Gross Chau Phan David Ni, Ph.D. John Dusl Kent Dekome. Patrick Fink, Ph.D. Timothy Kennedy, Ph.D. Richard Barton, Ph.D. Greg Lin - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities
and Planetary Habitats
Patrick W. Fink/Richard Barton
October 13, 2008
![Page 2: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contributors
• Phong Ngo
• G. D. Arndt, Ph.D.
• Julia Gross
• Chau Phan
• David Ni, Ph.D.
• John Dusl
• Kent Dekome
• Patrick Fink, Ph.D.
• Timothy Kennedy, Ph.D.
• Richard Barton, Ph.D.
• Greg Lin
• Emal Latifzai
• Robert Williams
• Yasser Haridi
• Kent Byerly, Ph.D. (Spatial Acuity)
• George Studor
• Robert Brocato (Sandia National Laboratories)
![Page 3: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Courtesy RFSAW, Inc.
Courtesy AirGATE Technologies
NASA Use of 2.4 ISM SAW-Based RFID
![Page 4: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SAW RFID – Sample Waveform
![Page 5: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Initial Passive, Wireless Sensor Applications
• Major Challenges
– For NASA sensor applications, often want many tags within interrogator field-of-view
– Ranges > 100 feet are desired for many applications
– Primary SAW material in use is very sensitive to temperature
• Good for temperature sensing, but makes other sensors more challenging
• Combination of these challenges prompted early applications based on:
– Larger aperture interrogators + adaptive digital beamforming
– Temperature sensing applications
![Page 6: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Waveform Correlation to Determine Temperatures and IDs
• Measured response– Composite signal from
multiple tags + noise
• Template response• Waveform obtained by a
priori measurement
• Analytically modified by range and temperature
• Correlation matrix formed from measured response and modified template responses
• Need to determine effect of non-zero cross-correlations on temperature and range accuracies
Measured tag delay with temperature
delay
dilation
delay
dilation
![Page 7: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Correlation simulation - background
• 40-bit Global SAW Tag (GST) tags from RFSAW, Inc.
• Simulation based on measured tag responses with simulated additive, white Gaussian noise; SNR = 20 dB
• Composite signal formed from summation of 11 tag responses
– All tags have same energy (suspected worst case)
– Tags assumed at different ranges and temperatures
• 2D correlation process
– Straightforward entire waveform correlation
• Suitable for RFID/sensor interrogation in which all IDs are known a priori
– 21 time scale increments representing 105 C range
– 21 time delay increments representing 210 ns range
![Page 8: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Correlation simulation – results (11 tags)
Tag 1873 correlated with noise, only.Tag 1873 correlated with composite signal + noise.
Tag 1873 – strongest correlation in population
![Page 9: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Successive interference cancellation required
Tag 1858 correlated with Tag 1873 present: false peaks.
Tag 1858 correlated aftersubtracting estimate of Tag 1873:
correct peak is identified.
Tag 1858 – 2nd strongest correlation in 11 tag population
![Page 10: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Correlation Simulation Results
• Preliminary error statistics for 11-tag population:
– Error in delay
• Mean: 0.53 ns
• Std. Dev.: 1.5 ns
– Error in dilation
• Mean: -0.09 °C
• Std. Dev.: 0.21 °C
• More simulations and tests required for statistical significance
• Need to determine error dependencies upon number of tags in population
![Page 11: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spatial Diversity to Isolate Sensor Clusters
Collision avoidance plan:
Correlations used to isolate tags within defined clusters
Virtual (digital) beamforming limits collision from adjacent clusters
![Page 12: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
72-element Interrogation in Anechoic Chamber
![Page 13: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Direction of Arrival in Anechoic Environment
![Page 14: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Spatial diversity for collision avoidance
[ Before – 2 tag responses – to be added]
[ After – single tag response recovered ]
![Page 15: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Operation in KSC Cryogenics Laboratory
![Page 16: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Direction-of-Arrival: Two tags in clutter
![Page 17: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Applications – Lunar Outpost
• Telemetry– Monitor tool exposure limits: temperature, shock, etc.
– MMOD impact detection and location
– Chemical and atmospheric sensing
RFID Tag
![Page 18: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Applications – Lunar Outpost
• Navigation– Lunar landing aids
– Lunar “road signs” or “breadcrumbs”
– Passive tag tracking
RFID Tag Tracking
![Page 19: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
JSC Chamber A (Vacuum & Thermal Cycle)
Application: Environmental Facility Wireless Sensors
• Adaptive interrogation of wireless temperature and pressure sensors
• Goals: Tlow = 20K; 100s of T-sensors; 10s of pressure sensors
JSC Chamber A T-sensor configuration on inner shroud
![Page 20: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sensor coverage schemes for Chamber A
Coverage from wall-basedinterrogators
Coverage from floor-basedinterrogators
![Page 21: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Next Wave of Passive, Wireless Sensor Applications
• Additional Challenges
– Desire to integrate calibrated, passive commercial sensors with SAW devices
• Acceleration, acoustic emission sensors are primary targets
– Still need many tags within interrogator field-of-view and long ranges
– Sample rates significantly higher than our temperature applications: > 10 kHz, compared to 1-3 Hz
![Page 22: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
SNL Concept to Incorporate Commercial Sensors
Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) concept: FET-loading of SAW IDT with passive sensor driving FET
Interdigital Transducers (IDTs)
Passive sensor types under evaluation: accelerometer, acoustic emission
![Page 23: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Application Example: White Sands Test Facility
![Page 24: SAW-Based RFID for NASA Ground Facilities and Planetary Habitats](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/5681440c550346895db0a575/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
5
4
3 ... 2 1
Application Example: Monitoring Cryogenic Fill Level
SAW TagTemperatureSensors