sc samba espionage case

8/12/2019 SC Samba Espionage Case

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I! Fe,+a,/ 14612 ;+!!e, Sa,9a! Dass 9as '+lva&e$ /

Pa>#s&a! I!&ell#%e!'e. I! 146- 0ap&a#! ;hal9a& a!$ ;+!!e,

Sa,9a! Dass ',sse$ &he #!&e,!a!al ,$e,. I! 1463 0ap&a#!

;hal9a& a!$ ;+!!e, Sa,9a! Dass 9e,e ps&e$ #! 8a#!a (M.P.).

I! 146 ;+!!e, A/a S#!%h 9as '+lva&e$ / ;+!!e, Sa,9a!

Dass ", Pa> I!&ell#%e!'e. 0ap&a#! Na%#al 9as &he! '+lva&e$ /

A/a S#!%h ", Pa> I!&ell#%e!'e. I! 146@ ", &he "#,s& e &he

esp#!a%e ,a'>e& 'ae & e !'e$. A/a S#!%h a!$ Sa,9a!

Dass 9e,e a,,es&e$. I! 146766 p+,s+a!& & &he #!ves%a!2

&h,ee ,e *a9a!s 9e,e a,,es&e$. The/ ',,,a&e$ &he

#!vlvee!& " Sa,9a! Dass. Sa,9a! Dass a!$ A/a S#!%h !

"+,&he, #!&e,,%a! $#s'lse$ &he !aes " 0ap&a#! ;hal9a&

a!$ 0ap&a#! Na%#al. I! 146766 0ap&a#! ;hal9a& a!$ 0ap&a#!

Na%#al 9e,e &,#e$ / ;0M a!$ 9e,e '!v#'&e$. ;hal9a& 9as

'ash#e,e$ a!$ %#ve! 1 /ea,s= RI. Na%#al 9as %#ve! 6 /ea,s= RI

a!$ 9as als 'ash#e,e$. I! a$$#!2 1- *a9a!s 9e,e &,#e$ a!$

&he/ 9e,e %#ve! RI " va,#+s $es',#p!s a!$ 9e,e $#s#sse$

", se,v#'es. A/a S#!%h a!$ Sa,9a! Dass 9e,e als a!% &he

1- *a9a!s &,#e$ a!$ hel$ %+#l&/. La&e, #! 1465 #& 9as $#s've,e$

&ha& A/a S#!%h 9as hl$#!% a'> 'e,&a#! ,eleva!& #!",a!

,ela!% & esp#!a%e a'v#es +!$e, 'e,&a#! alle%e$ &h,ea& a!$

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p,ess+,e. B#"e " A/a S#!%h 'la#e$ & e >#lle$. Reel#!% +!$e,

&he sh'> " &he '#,'+s&a!'es2 he a$e "+,&he, $#s'ls+,es

9he,e#! he !ae$ 0ap&a#! Ra&ha+, a!$ 0ap&a#! A.?. Ra!aC

$#s'lse$ &ha& he ha$ ee! ,e'e#v#!% &h,ea&s &ha& #" he $#s'lse$

a!/&h#!% h#s 9#"e 9+l$ e >#lle$. A'',$#!%l/2 #! 1465 0ap&a#!

Ra&ha+, a!$ 0ap&a#! A.?. Ra!a 9e,e #!&e,,%a&e$. As a ,es+l&2

- a,/ pe,s!!el #.e. 14 ""#'e,s2 *+!#, '#ss#!e$ ""#'e,s

(J0Os) a!$ 14 &he, ,a!>s (ORs)2 9e,e a,,es&e$.

O+& " &he 14 ""#'e,s2 3 ""#'e,s 9e,e &,#e$ / ;0M2 &9 9e,e

'!v#'&e$2 !ael/2 0ap&a#! Ra!#, S#!%h Ra&ha+, a!$ 0ap&a#!

A.?. Ra!a2 a!$ !e 9as a'+#&&e$. 0ap&a#! Ra!#, S#!%h

Ra&ha+, a!$ 0ap&a#! A.?. Ra!a 9e,e se!&e!'e$ & RI ", 1

/ea,s ea'h a!$ 9e,e 'ash#e,e$. A%a#!s& 13 ""#'e,s2 $#s'#pl#!a,/

a'!s 9e,e #!#a&e$. H9eve,2 a $e'#s#! 9as &a>e! !& & &,/

&he a!$ a! a$#!#s&,ave ,$e, +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he A,/

A'&2 14@ (#! sh,& &he A,/ A'&) 9as passe$ &e,#!a!% &he#,

se,v#'es.

3. The p,ese!& appeals a,#se +& " &he ,$e, passe$ 9a/ a'> #!

145 &e,#!a!% &he se,v#'es " &he ,esp!$e!&s he,e#! 9h#'h

9e,e ,+%h& #!v>#!% &he $'&,#!e " pleas+,e as e!sh,#!e$

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4/72

+!$e, A,'le 31 " &he 0!s&+! " I!$#a2 14@ (he,e#!a"&e,

,e"e,,e$ & as &he e!2

9h#'h 9as '+!#'a&e$ a",esh. These ,$e,s a$e a ",esh

%,+!$ " 'halle!%e e",e a lea,!e$ S#!%le J+$%e " &he Delh#

H#%h 0+,&. The lea,!e$ S#!%le J+$%e $#s#sse$ &he pe! /

a $e&a#le$ *+$%e!& $a&e$ --.3.145@. S#+l&a!e+sl/2 !e

0ap&a#! R.S. Ra&ha+, ha$ "#le$ a B,#& Pe! N.1@66 " 145@

+!$e, A,'le 3- " &he 0!s&+! e",e &h#s 0+,&2 9h#'h

s&$ $#s#sse$ ,e"+s#!% & ,epe! &he #ss+es al,ea$/ $e'#$e$.

@. A%a#!s& &he ,$e, " &he lea,!e$ S#!%le J+$%e $a&e$ --.3.145@2

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6/72

5. The F+ll 8e!'h s '!s&+&e$ & a!s9e, &h#s ,e"e,e!'e hel$ &ha&

a! ,$e, +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'& #!v>#!% &he $'&,#!e

" pleas+,e 9as s+*e'& & *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 #" #& #s assa#le$ !

ala"#$es. I& 9as hel$ &ha& &he !+s la/ ! &he pe!e,pe,s!

alle%#!% ala"#$es a!$ & ,#!% a&e,#al ! ,e',$ & sas"/ &he

'+,& #! ,$e, & *+s"/ &he #!&e,"e,e!'e. A%%,#eve$2 &he U!#! "

I!$#a "#le$ &he Spe'#al Leave Pe!2 9h#'h s&$ $#s#sse$.

4. I& appea,s &ha& a"&e, &he a!s9e, " ,e"e,e!'e2 &he pe!$#!% appeals

9e,e &a>e! +p ", $e'#s#! / &he H#%h 0+,&. O! a''+!& " &he

a!s9e, %#ve! / &he F+ll 8e!'h2 ",esh pe!s 9e,e "#le$ /

&hse ""#'e,s 9hse pe!s ha$ ee! $#s#sse$ ea,l#e, +p&

&h#s 0+,& as ,e"e,,e$ & he,e#!ave2 #! 145. Se 9,#&

pe!e,s2 9hse pe!s ha$ ee! $#s#sse$ / lea,!e$

S#!%le J+$%e2 "#le$ Le&&e,s Pa&e!& Appeals 9#&h appl#'a!s ",

'!$!a! " $ela/. Appeals 9e,e als "#le$ a%a#!s& &hse

*+$%e!&s &ha& 9e,e %#ve! #! &he se'!$ ,+!$ " l#%a!

p,ps#!% & ,e"+se @G " &he &e,#!al e!e"#&s ,e"e,,e$ &

he,e#!ave. These 'a&e%,#es " pe!s 9e,e $es',#e$ / &he

D#v#s#! 8e!'h hea,#!% &he a&&e, #! #&s ,$e, $a&e$ [email protected]@2 as

+!$e, :

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LPA 6643 0M 5-34@

I! &hese a&'h " 'ases2 9e "#!$ &he,e a,e a& leas& &9

LPAs 9h#'h a,e $#,e'&e$ a%a#!s& &he J+$%e!&s "

$#s#ssal " &he 9,#& pe!s hl$#!% &ha& &hepa,'+la, #ss+e 'a!!& e %!e #!& #! 9,#&

*+,#s$#'!. Lea,!e$ '+!sel ", &he appella!&s #!

&hse &9 'ases ,el/ +p! &he F+ll 8e!'h J+$%e!&

a!$ &he ,e'e!& S+p,ee 0+,& J+$%e!& & '!&e!$

&ha& &he #ss+e 'a! e %!e #!& / &he 0+,&. The/

have als 9a!&e$ +s & 'all ", 'e,&a#! ,e',$s ",

&he ,esp!$e!&s a!$ #! ,e%a,$ & &hse ,e',$s2

,esp!$e!&s a,e 'la##!% p,#v#le%e a!$ &ha& #s a

a&&e, & e $e'#$e$.

The,e #s a!&he, %,+p " 'ases #! 9h#'h ",esh 9,#&

pe!s a,e "#le$ ! &he %,+!$ &ha&

!&9#&hs&a!$#!% &he $#s#ssal " &he ea,l#e, 9,#&

pe!s , $#s#ssal " &he S.L.Ps2 ",esh 9,#&

pe!s a,e a#!&a#!ale #!as+'h as #& #s !l/

!9 &ha& &he F+ll 8e!'h a!$ &he S+p,ee 0+,&

have $e'#$e$ &ha& &he pa,'+la, #ss+e 'a! e %!e

#!& / &he H#%h 0+,&. I! &ha& a&'h " 'ases &he

+es! " res judicata"alls ", '!s#$e,a!.

The,e #s /e& a!&he, %,+p " 'ases 9he,e 9,#&

pe!s 9e,e $#s#sse$ / &he lea,!e$ S#!%le

J+$%es ! &he %,+!$ &ha& &he 0+,& 'a!!& % #!&

&he #ss+e a!$ &he LPAs 9e,e p,e"e,,e$ 9#&h

appl#'a! ", '!$!a! " $ela/ 9#&h $ela/ "

,e &ha! 4 /ea,s.

The,e #s /e& a!&he, %,+p " 'ases 9he,e 9,#&

pe!s 9e,e "#le$ a%a#!s& se la&&e, ,$e,s passe$/ &he ;ve,!e!& #ps#!% a '+& " @G ", &he

pe!s#! a!$ +p! $#s#ssal " &he 9,#& pe!s

'halle!%#!% &he sa#$ ,$e,s2 LPAs have ee! "#le$ a!$

#! &hse appeals &he appella!&s 9a!& & &a>e +p &he

#ss+e2 &ha& &he 0+,& 'a! % #!& &he val#$#&/ " &he

,$e, " $#s#ssal ,$e, !'e a%a#!.

I!as+'h as &he,e a,e "+, 'lasses " 'ases2 9e a,e

" &he v#e9 &ha& "#,s& 9e sh+l$ $e'#$e &he a&'h

9he,e ",esh 9,#& pe!s a,e "#le$2 a!$ #! 'ase 9e

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hl$ &ha& ",esh 9,#& pe!s a,e a#!&a#!ale2 &he!

&he +es! " %#!% #!& &he p,#v#le%e 'la#e$ /

&he ,esp!$e!&s 9#ll have & e $e'#$e$. I" &he ",esh

9,#& pe!s a,e hel$ & e a#!&a#!ale2 &he! &he

a&'h 9he,e#! appeals a,e "#le$ 9#&h $ela/

'!$!a! appl#'a!s 'a! als e &a>e! +p ",

'!s#$e,a!. I! !e 'ase &he +es! " la'hes #s

& e $e'#$e$ 9he,eas #! a!&he, &he +es! "

s+""#'#e!& 'a+se ", '!$!a! " $ela/ "all ",

'!s#$e,a!. I! &he a&&e,s 'halle!%#!% &he ,$e,s

#ps#!% '+& #! pe!s#!2 #& 9#ll e ", &he pa,es &

9a&'h &he v#e9 &he '+,& a/ &a>e #! &he, &h,ee

a&'hes e!!e$ ave s &ha& &he/ 'a! p+,s+e

!e , &he &he, ,ee$#es 9h#'h &he 0+,& 9#ll e

ale & a''ep&.The,e",e2 9e 9#ll "#,s& &a>e +p ",esh 9,#& pe!s

"#le$ a"&e, &he pass#!% " &he "+ll 0+,& J+$%e!& a!$

&he S+p,ee 0+,& J+$%e!&.

1. The,ea"&e, &9 9,#& pe!s &ha& 9e,e "#le$ a",esh2 !ael/2

#! &he 'ase " Ma*, S+hash J+!e*a a!$ Ha,#sh Lal S#!%h2

9e,e hea,$ sepa,a&el/ a!$ $eal& 9#&h &he p,#!'#ple of res

judicataa!$ '!s&,+'ve res judicata. The sa#$ 9,#& pe!s

9e,e hel$ & e a,,e$ / la9 v#$e *+$%e!& $a&e$ 5.3.1447.

The &he, '!!e'&e$ pe!s als appea,e$ & have ee!

$#s#sse$ as !& a#!&a#!ale / a!&he, D#v#s#! 8e!'h

v#$e ,$e, $a&e$ 6.4.144-.

11. The Le&&e,s Pa&e!& Appeals 9h#'h 9e,e "#le$ 9#&h

appl#'a!s ", '!$!a! " $ela/ a!$ als a%a#!s& &he

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*+$%e!& p,ps#!% @G '+&"" #! &he &e,#!al e!e"#&s 9e,e

hea,$ / a!&he, D#v#s#! 8e!'h &ha& ,ese,ve$ &he *+$%e!&

! 1.5.1445 / pass#!% &he "ll9#!% ,$e,:

LPA Ns.562 3562 134562 15562 -1552

66432 574 a!$ 0.B. Ns.3734@2 5-4@:

S/!pses have ee! pla'e$ ! ,e',$. M,. T#>>+

s&a&es &ha& / 16.5.14452 ph&'p/ " &he ,eleva!&

,e',$ 9#ll e a$e ava#lale & 0+,&. O,#%#!als

have ee! sh9! & +s.

J+$%e!& ,ese,ve$.

1-. The D#v#s#! 8e!'h &ha& 9e!& ! & ,ese,ve &he sa#$

*+$%e!& $el#ve,e$ #& a"&e, als& 3 /ea,s a!$ all9e$ &he

appeals. The,e#!2 #& 9as hel$ &ha& &he p,'ee$#!%s #!#a&e$

a%a#!s& &he 9,#& pe!e,s as als a%a#!s& &he, ""#'e,s2

9h 9e,e appella!&s #! &he &he, LPAs2 9e,e v#a&e$ as &he,e

9as ! a&e,#al & s+pp,& &he #p+%!e$ ,$e,s "

&e,#!a! 9h#'h 9e,e 'a+"la%e$ a!$ &h+s2 &he sae

9e,e s+*e'& & *+$#'#al ,ev#e9. A'',$#!%l/2 v#$e *+$%e!&

$a&e$ -1.1-.-2 &he ,el#e" " '!se+e!al e!e"#&s 9as

%,a!&e$ a"&e, se&!% as#$e &he ,$e, " &e,#!a!. The

,eleva!& pa,& &he,e" #s e&,a'&e$ he,e#!:

O! a '!s#$e,a! " all &he "a'&s a!$ '#,'+s&a!'es

9e a,e " &he v#e9 &ha& &he,e #s ! &he, '!'l+s#!

pss#le e'ep& & sa/ &ha& &he ,$e,s 9h#'h a,e &he

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10/72

s+*e'& a&&e, " &he 9,#& pe!s a!$ #! &he Le&&e,s

Pa&e!& Appeals a,e e,el/ 'a+"la%e a!$ ,$e,s

have ee! passe$ ", e&,a!e+s ,eas!s +!$e, &he

'la> " #!!'++s ", " ,$e,s " &e,#!a!. T

%#ve a! a#, ! ve,#s##l#&+$e &he ,esp!$e!&s ha$

hel$ &he 0+,& Ma,al p,'ee$#!%s 9h#'h a,e 9hll/

v#$.

A'',$#!%l/2 9e $e'la,e &ha& &he p,'ee$#!%s #!#a&e$

a%a#!s& &he pe!e,s #! &he &9 9,#& pe!s a,e

v#$ #! la9 a!$ &he ,$e,s passe$ a%a#!s& &he &he,

""#'e,s2 &he appella!&s #! L.P.As. a,e v#a&e$ e#!%

9#&h+& a!/ a&e,#al a!$ e#!% 'a+"la%e. Hav#!%

$,ppe$ &he #$ea !& & '!'l+$e 0+,& Ma,al

p,'ee$#!%s >!9#!% "+ll/ 9ell &ha& &he ""#'e,s 9e,el#>el/ & e a'+#&&e$2 9#&h+& p,$+'#!% ,eleva!&

,e',$ e",e &he '!'e,!e$ a+&h,#&/ ,$e,s "

&e,#!a! 9e,e passe$ "l+!% all !,s. The

appella!&s #! &he L.P.AKs a!$ &he pe!e,s #! &he

&9 9,#& pe!s a,e e!&le$ & all &he

'!se+e!al e!e"#&s. Be als he,e/ $e'la,e &ha&

&he ,$e,s passe$ a%a#!s& &he appella!&s #! &he

L.P.As a,e v#$ #! la9 a!$ &he '!v#'! a!$

se!&e!'e / &he ;0Ms a%a#!s& &he 9,#& pe!e,s

a,e v#$ #! la9. 0!se+e!&l/2 &he *+$%e!&s " &he

lea,!e$ S#!%le J+$%e 9h#'h a,e s+*e'& a&&e, #!

La&e!& Pa&e!& Appeals a,e se& as#$e a!$ &he 9,#&

pe!s #! &hse 'ases a,e all9e$ a!$ &he Le&&e,s

Pa&e!& Appeals s&a!$ all9e$ a!$ &he &9 9,#&

pe!s als s&a!$ all9e$. All &he 9,#& pe!s

s&a!$ all9e$ & &he ave e&e!& #!$#'a&e$ a!$

&he, ,el#e"s p,a/e$ ", 'a!!& e '!s#$e,e$ / &h#s

0+,& a!$ #& #s ", &he la9 a>e,s & a&&e!$ & &he

sae. The,e shall e ! ,$e, as & 's&s.

13. A!&he, ,eleva!& eve!& #! &h#s *+,!e/ " *+$#'#al '!"l#'&

9h#'h #s 9,&h e!!#!% #s &ha& &9 ""#'e,s2 !ael/2

S+hash J+!e*a a!$ Ha,#sh Lal S#!%h2 9hse 9,#& pe!s

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11/72

ha$ ee! $#s#sse$ ! &he %,+!$ " '!s&,+'ve res

judicata,"#le$ spe'#al leave pe!s &ha& 9e,e '!ve,&e$ &

0#v#l Appeal Ns. 1431 a!$ 143- " 1446 a!$ 9e,e "#!all/

$#s#sse$ / a &h,eeJ+$%e 8e!'h " &h#s 0+,& v#$e ,$e,

$a&e$ -3..-32 9h#'h #s +&e$ as +!$e,:

The %,#eva!'e " &he appella!&s &ha& #s s+%h& & e

a%#&a&e$ #! &hese appeals #s al,ea$/ se&&le$ / a!

ea,l#e, *+$%e!& " &he Delh# H#%h 0+,& #! a B,#&

Pe! "#le$ / &he appella!&s &heselves. Theappella!&s he,e#! 'halle!%e$ &he sa#$ *+$%e!& /

"#l#!% Spe'#al Leave Pe!s a!$ &hse Spe'#al Leave

Pe!s hav#!% ee! $#s#sse$ / &h#s 0+,&2 &he

'!&e!!s ,a#se$ / &he have ee! "#!all/ $e'#$e$

a%a#!s& &he appella!&s he,e#!.

T"# $%%#&&$'(s $)# '*+ (),' (*)#-$($(# ("*s# ss/#s e'a+se &he H#%h 0+,& #!se &he, 'ase has &a>e! a $#""e,e!& v#e9. M,.%esh9a, P,asa$2 &he lea,!e$ se!#, '+!sel

appea,#!% ", &he appella!&s s&a&es &ha& &hese 'asessh+l$ e hea,$ al!% 9#&h &he 'ases " U!#! "I!$#a 9h#'h a,e pe!$#!% a%a#!s& &he la&&e, v#e9 " &heH#%h 0+,&. Be "#!$ ! ,eas! & $ s. T"#*'(#'(*' * ("# $%%#&&$'( )$s# +$s )"(&,s3ss# 4, ("# H" C*/)( ' ("# 3%/'#/3#'( 4, $%%&,' ("# %)'%s **'s()/(6# )#s /$($ . The appeals a,ea'',$#!%l/ $#s#sse$.

(Ephas#s a$$e$)

1. Th+s2 #& 'a! e see! ", &he !a,,a! " "a'&s he,e#!ave

&ha& 9#&h ,e%a,$ & se " &he ""#'e,s2 9h 9e,e #!vlve$ #!

&h#s ve,/ #!'#$e!&2 &he ev#$e!'e 9h#'h ha$ al,ea$/ ee!

assesse$ / &he H#%h 0+,&2 ha$ ee! l>e$ #!& a!$ #& 9as

"+!$ &ha& &he $'&,#!e " pleas+,e ha$ ee! +phel$ #! &he

11


12/72

ea,l#e, ,+!$ " l#%a! a!$2 &he,e",e2 &he a&&e, s&$

",e'lse$ a!$ '+l$ !& e ,epe!e$. The a$*+$#'a!2

&he,e",e2 e&9ee! &he U!#! " I!$#a 9h #s &he p,ese!&

appella!& a!$ &he ""#'e,s 9h 9e,e #!vlve$ #! &he sae se&

" #!'#$e!&s ha$ a&&a#!e$ "#!al#&/ +p & &h#s 0+,&. I& 9as #!

&h#s a'>%,+!$ &ha& &he U!#! " I!$#a "#le$ &he appeals #!

&he /ea, -1 a%a#!s& &he *+$%e!& $a&e$ -1.1-.-

,e"e,,e$ & he,e#!ave. The *+$%e!& $a&e$ -1.1-.- #!

,ela! & all &he "+, se&s " l#%a!s &ha& have ee!

,e"e,,e$ & / &he H#%h 0+,& #! #&s ,$e, $a&e$ [email protected]@ #s2

&he,e",e2 e&,a'&e$ he,e#!ave.

1@. The appeals "#le$ / &he U!#! " I!$#a2 pe!$#!% e",e &h#s

0+,& a%a#!s& &he *+$%e!& $a&e$ -1.1-.-2 9e,e spl#&

#!& &9 pa,&s / &he ,$e, " &h#s 0+,& $a&e$ 1.-.-72

9h#'h #s e&,a'&e$ he,e#!:

0.A. Ns.-44-4@-1 :

A,%+e!&s hea,$.

J+$%e!& ,ese,ve$.The e!,e ,#%#!al ,e',$ #!'l+$#!% &hea$#!#s&,ave ,e'e#p&s e 'alle$ ", e#&he, / FA ,/ &eleph!#' essa%e #e$#a&el/ / &he Re%#s&,a,(J+$#'#al).0.A.Ns.-4@1-4@6-1 :Del#!>e$.These a&&e,s shall e hea,$ sepa,a&el/. L#s& a"&e,"+, !&hs.

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13/72

17. A'',$#!%l/2 &he a,%+e!&s 9e,e hea,$ a!$ *+$%e!& 9as

,ese,ve$ #! &he a&&e, a,#s#!% +& " &he &9 9,#& pe!s

"#le$ / Ra!#, S#!%h Ra&ha+, a!$ Ash> ?+a, Ra!a

al!%9#&h 9h#'h $el#!>e$ seve! LPAs 9e,e als $#spse$ "

eve! &h+%h #& 9as se,ve$ / &h#s 0+,& &ha& &he/

a,se +& " &he sae #!'#$e!&. Th#s 0+,& v#$e

*+$%e!& $a&e$ --.3.-7 #! &he 'ase " U'*' * I'$

O)s. 6s. R$'4) S'" R$("$/) O)s.! (-7) 11 S00

747 ,eve,se$ &he *+$%e!& " &he H#%h 0+,& $a&e$

-1.1-.- v#sav#s &he &9 9,#& pe!s a!$ hel$ as

"ll9s:

"On a bare reading of the High Court's order and theaverments in the writ petitions, one thing is crystal clearthat there was no definite allegation against any personwho was responsible for the so-called manipulation. t isalso not clear as to who were the parties in the writpetitions filed. n the grounds indicated in the writpetitions it was stated that there is no bar or impedimenton the High Court reviewing the petitioner's case as alsoconnected cases to enquire into the validity o f the actsdone against the writ petitioner. !herefore, it was anaccepted position that the writ petitioners wantedreview of the High Court's order, which is clearlyimpermissible. o ground for see#ing such reviewapparently was made out. n any event we feel that theHigh Court's approach is clearly erroneous. !hepresent appellants in the counter-affidavit filed hadraised a preliminary objection as regards themaintainability of the writ petitions and hadre$uested the High Court to grant further opportunity if thenecessity so arises to file a detailed counter-affidavitafter the preliminary objections were decided. The High

Court in fact in one of the orders clearly indicated

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that the preliminary objections were to be decidedfirst. %ut strangely it did not do so. t reserved thejudgment and delivered the final judgment after aboutthree years. !here is also dispute as to whether therelevant documents were produced. &hat baf f les us is

that in the High Court, records with original documentswere shown to it and the %ench wanted the copies to befiled. In the impugned judgment the High Courtproceeded on the basis as i f only a few pages ofthe files were shown. I f that was really the case,there was no necessity for the High Court to directthe present appellants to file copies. If af te rperusal of the documents the High Court felt thatthese were not sufficient the same would have beenstated.ut that does not appear to have been done.!he High Court also had not discussed as to how the

matters which stood concluded could he reopened in themanner done. o sufficient grounds have been evenindicated as to why the High Court felt it necessary to doso. To say that though finality had been achieved,justice stood at a higher pedestal is not an answerto the basic question as to whether the High Courtwas competent to reopen the whole issue which hadbecome concluded. !he persons whom the High Courtfelt were responsible for alleged manipulation or personsbehind false implication were not impleaded as

parties. !ewspaper reports are not to be consideredas evidence.!he authenticity o f the newspaper reportswas not established by the writ petitioners. venotherwise, this could not have been done in a writ petition,as disputed $uestions of fact were apparently involved.!he matters which the High Court found to have beenestablished were really not so. !he conclusions werebased on untested materials, and the writ petitioners hadnot established them by evidence. (ince the High Courthas not dealt with the matter in the proper perspective wefeel that it would be proper for the High Court to rehear the

matter. !he High Court shall first decide the preliminaryobjections raised by the present appellants about thenon-maintainability of the writ petitions. ormally such acourse is not to be adopted. %ut in view o f the peculiarfacts involved, it would be the appropriate course to beadopted in the present case. !herefore, we remit thematter to the High Court for fresh hearing. &e ma#e itclear that whatever we have observed should not betreated to be the conclusive findings on the subject-matterof controversy. !he appeals are allowed without any order

as to costs. (ince the matter is pending since long, were$uest the High Court to dispose o f the matter as early

14


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as practicable, preferably within four months from thedate of receipt of the judgment. o costs. " (Ephas#sa$$e$)

17.O! ,ea!$2 &he H#%h 0+,& $#s#sse$ &he 9,#& pe!s v#$e

*+$%e!& $a&e$ -.1-.-6 a!$ &he sae has ee! pla'e$ !

,e',$ / &he appella!&s.

18.S "a, &hese appeals a,e '!'e,!e$2 &he H#%h 0+,& / &he

#p+%!e$ '! ,$e, $a&e$ -1.1-.-2 !& !l/ +ashe$

&he &e,#!a! ,$e,s +& als '+,& a,al p,'ee$#!%s hel$

a%a#!s& se " &he ""#'e,s.

19.The D#v#s#! 8e!'h " &h#s 0+,&2 a"&e, hea,#!% &he '+!sel

appea,#!% ", &he pa,es a!$ le%al '!&e!!s +,%e$2

",+la&e$ &he "ll9#!% p#!&s ", '!s#$e,a! / a la,%e,

e!'h U'*' * I'$ 6s. S.P. S"$)3$2 (-13) 1 S00 1@:

81. B#&h ,e"e,e!'e & &he a",esa#$ ,#val "a'&+al a!$le%al '!&e!!s +,%e$2 &he "ll9#!% p#!&s 9+l$ a,#se

", '!s#$e,a! #! &hese appeals:

1.1. Bhe&he, &he ,$e,s " &e,#!a! passe$ / &he"#,s& appella!& #! ase!'e " a&e,#al ev#$e!'e a!$#p,pe, ee,'#se " p9e, / &he "#,s& appella!& a+!&& ",a+$ e#!% pla/e$ ! &he ,esp!$e!& ""#'e,s a!$ a,ev#a&e$ #! la9 ! a''+!& " le%al ala"#$es a!$ le%alal#'e

1.2. Bhe&he, &he ,$e, " $#s#ssal " ea,l#e, 9,#&p,'ee$#!%s a!$ '!"#,#!% &he sae / &h#s 0+,& v#$e,$e, $a&e$ 14145 #! ,ela! & &he sae ,esp!$e!&""#'e,s #! 0.As. Ns. -4@12 -4@2 -4@@2 -4@7 a!$ -4@6

15


16/72

" -1 a+!&s & $'&,#!e " e,%e, a!$ pe,a&es as,es *+$#'a&a a%a#!s& &he p,ese!& appeals

1..Bhe&he, &he ee,'#se " $'&,#!e " pleas+,e +!$e,Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'& ,ea$ 9#&h A,'le 31 " &he0!s&+! / &he "#,s& appella!& #! &he ase!'e " a!/

a&e,#al ev#$e!'e a%a#!s& &he ,esp!$e!& ""#'e,s a!$!!p,$+'! " &he ,eleva!& ,e',$s"#les " &hese""#'e,s ,e!$e, &he ,$e,s " &e,#!a! as #lle%al a!$#!val#$

1.:. Bhe&he, &he ,$e, " &e,#!a! #s a,#&,a,/2'ap,#'#+s2 +!,eas!ale a!$ v#lave " A,'les 12 17214 a!$ -1 " &he 0!s&+! " I!$#a

1.5.Bhe&he, &he #p+%!e$ *+$%e!& a!$ ,$e, " &heH#%h 0+,& #s v#a&e$ e#&he, ! a''+!& " e,,!e+s,eas!#!% , e,,, #! la9 a!$ 9a,,a!& #!&e,"e,e!'e / &h#s0+,&

-. The lea,!e$ A$$#!al Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al a& &he ve,/ +&se&

s+#&&e$ &ha& #ss+es #!vlv#!% se'+,#&/ " &he S&a&e 9e,e

e&,eel/ 'ple a!$ &he #ss+e ,ela&e$ & &he epe$#e!'/ a!$

$es#,a#l#&/ " ,e&a#!#!% ""#'e,s #! &he A,/ 9h ha$ e'e

se'+,#&/ s+spe'&s. The #!s&a!& 'ases " &he ,esp!$e!& ""#'e,s

9e,e ea#!e$ a& va,#+s levels #! &he A,/ Hea$+a,&e,s as als

#! &he 0e!&,al ;ve,!e!& a!$ &he "#!al $e'#s#! & ee,'#se &he

p9e, & pass a! ,$e, " &e,#!a! 9as &a>e! / #& +!$e,

Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'&. Lea,!e$ '+!sel ,el#e$ +p! &he

*+$%e!& " &h#s 0+,& #! .". #inghal vs. $nion of India %

&rs. (-1) 7 S00 331 a!$ '!&e!$e$ &ha& &he pa,ae&e,s &ha&

a,e ,e+#,e$ & e &a>e! #!& '!s#$e,a! ", ee,'#se " p9e,

16


17/72

+!$e, A,'le 31 " &he 0!s&+! a,e va,#e$. Seve,al " &hese

pa,ae&e,s e!&a#l eval+a! " #ss+es ,eleva!& & &he se'+,#&/ "

&he S&a&e. The "a'&,s &ha& ", &he as#s " ee,'#se " p9e,

+!$e, A,'le 31 " &he 0!s&+! 'a!!& e sa#$ & e

*e've pa,ae&e,s &ha& a,e ae!ale & *+$#'#all/ a!a%eale

s&a!$a,$s. The ,eas!s &ha& ", &he as#s " ee,'#se " p9e,

+!$e, A,'le 31 'a! e&e!$ & va,#e$ levels " s+*e've

assesse!&s a!$ eval+a!s #! e!&a#l#!% epe,& >!9le$%e as &

#ss+es " se'+,#&/ " &he S&a&e. I! &ha& v#e9 " &he a&&e, #& #s

s+#&&e$ &ha& ee,'#se " p9e, " *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 9+l$ a'',$

%,ea& la&+$e & &he !a "#$e eval+a! a$e / &he 'pe&e!&

a+&h,#es #! &he '+,se " $#s'ha,%e " &he $+es. The

',,e'&!ess " &he p#!#! ",e$ , &he s+""#'#e!'/ " a&e,#al

",#!% &he as#s " &he#, $e'#s#! & pass a! ,$e, " &e,#!a!

9+l$ !& e s+*e'&e$ & *+$#'#al s',+!/ " e#&he, &he H#%h

0+,& , &h#s 0+,&. F+,&he,2 pla'#!% s&,!% ,el#a!'e +p! .".

#inghal case! ;s/%)$) #& #s '!&e!$e$ / &he lea,!e$ A$$#!al

Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al &ha& ee,'#se " p9e, " *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 +!$e,

A,'le 31 #s e&,eel/ !a,,9 a!$ #s l##&e$ & !l/ !e

pa,ae&e,2 !ael/2 v#la! " "+!$ae!&als " '!s&+!al#s.

The s&a!$a,$ " *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 9h#'h appl#es & &he 'ase "

17


18/72

ee,'#se " ee'+ve , s&a&+&,/ , +as#*+$#'#al p9e, 'a!!&

e e&e!$e$ & &he 'ase " *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 " '!s&+!al p9e,

+!$e, A,'le 31. Lea,!e$ '+!sel s+#&&e$ &ha& &he "a'& &ha&

A,'le 311 $es !& appl/ & &he 'ase " ""#'e,sepl/ees "

a,e$ ",'es2 &he p9e, +!$e, A,'le 34 als 'a!!& e

ee,'#se$ ", l##!% &he a#& " A,'le 31. The A,/ A'& #s a!

e!a'&e!& +!$e, A,'le 34. The a",esa#$ le%al p,#!'#ple has

ee! "ll9e$ '!s#s&e!&l/ #! all s+se+e!& $e'#s#!s " &h#s

0+,&. I! &h#s '!!e'! lea,!e$ '+!sel ,el#e$ +p! &he

*+$%e!& " &h#s 0+,& #! oti (am )e*a vs. !orth +ast

rontier (ailways (147) @ S0R 753. F+,&he,2 &he 0!s&+!

8e!'h " &h#s 0+,& #! (am #arup6s. $nion of India2 AIR 147@

S0 -6 9#&h ,e"e,e!'e & A,'le 33 " &he 0!s&+!2 has la#$

$9! l##&a!s p,v#$e$ ! &he appl#'a#l#&/ " "+!$ae!&al

,#%h&s %+a,a!&ee$ & &he ""#'e,sepl/ees " &he A,/ +!$e,

A,'les 12 17 a!$ -1 " &he 0!s&+! a!$ +!$e, Se'! -1 "

&he A,/ A'&. He has "+,&he, '!&e!$e$ &ha& ea'h " &he

p,v#s#!s " &he A,/ A'& als 'a,,#es &he sa!'! " Pa,l#ae!&

a%a#!s& &he appl#'a#l#&/ " all &he, "+!$ae!&al ,#%h&s '!&a#!e$

+!$e, Pa,& III " &he 0!s&+! & &he e&e!& & 9h#'h &he ,#%h&s

'!&a#!e$ #! &he "+!$ae!&al ,#%h&s a,e #!'!s#s&e!& 9#&h &he

18


19/72

p,v#s#!s " &he A,/ A'&. The a",esa#$ e!+!'#a! " la9 has

a%a#! ee! "ll9e$ '!s#s&e!&l/ / &h#s 0+,& #! s+se+e!&

$e'#s#!s.

-1. The lea,!e$ A$$#!al Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al "+,&he, '!&e!$e$ &ha& #!

a a&&e, " '#v#l#a! epl/ees2 A,'le 311 ,ep,ese!&s a l##&a!

ve, &he asl+&e!ess " pleas+,e $'&,#!e '!&a#!e$ #! A,'le

31. I! oti (am )e*a -supra a!$ #! &he s+se+e!& 'ases2

&h#s 0+,& la#$ $9! &ha& A,'le 311 #!&,$+'es a &9"l$

p,'e$+,al sa"e%+a,$ #! "av+, " a! epl/ee""#'e, #! ,ela!

& &he ee,'#se " pleas+,e $'&,#!e. H9eve,2 A,'le 311 appl#es

!l/ #! 'ases " p+!#she!& a!$ !& &he,9#se. The ava#la#l#&/ "

&he sa"e%+a,$s p,v#$e$ ", +!$e, A,'le 311 #s '!!%e!& +p!

a!$ l##&e$ & 'ases 9he,e &he p9e, " &e,#!a! " se,v#'es "

a! epl/ee""#'e, #s ee,'#se$ / &he $#s'#pl#!a,/ a+&h,#&/ /

9a/ " p+!#she!&. The appl#'a#l#&/ " A,'le 311 " &he

0!s&+! e#!% $epe!$e!& ! &he "a'&+ " &he ,$e, "

&e,#!a! e#!% #! &he !a&+,e " a p+!#she!&2 *+$#'#al ,ev#e9

+!$e,&a>e! #! 'ase " '#v#l#a! epl/ees e!&a#ls &he !e'ess#&/ ",

a!$ &he p9e, " $e&e,#!#!% as & 9he&he, &he ,$e, #p+%!e$ #s

#! &he !a&+,e " a p+!#she!& , !&. The $'&,#!e "

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20/72

"+!$a!2 'a+"la%e a!$ &he p,#!'#ples " *+$#'#al ,ev#e92

e!'pass#!% &he !e'ess#&/ a!$ &he p9e, " $e&e,#!#!%2

9he&he, &he ,$e, #p+%!e$ #s / 9a/ " a p+!#she!& #s &h+s a

$#,e'& ea!a! a!$ a l%#'al ',lla,/ " &he !a&+,e " e!+#,/

9a,,a!&e$ 9he! A,'le 311 appl#es & a 'ase.

--. S#!'e &he p,v#s#!s " A,'le 311 " &he 0!s&+! a$#&&e$l/

$ !& appl/ & &hese 'ases2 #& ,ela&es & &he $a#! " '#v#l#a!

epl/ees""#'e,s se,v#'e *+,#sp,+$e!'e2 9h#'h #s '!&,lle$ /

A,'le 3112 'a!!& e #!v>e$ #! &he 'ase " epl/ees""#'e,s "

a,e$ ",'es. S#!'e &he p,&e'! " A,'le 311 'a!!& e

'la#e$ #! &he 'ase " epl/ees " a,e$ ",'es2 ! e!+#,/ as &

9he&he, &he ,$e, #s / 9a/ " a p+!#she!&2 9h#'h #s &he s#!e

+a !! ", appl#'a#l#&/ " A,'le 3112 #s 9a,,a!&e$. The le%al

#ss+e ,e+#,es & e '!s#$e,e$ / &h#s 0+,& #! &he '!&e& " &he

"a'& as & 9he&he, / v#,&+e " a!/&h#!% '!&a#!e$ #! &he la!%+a%e

" A,'le 31 , &he &he, p,v#s#!s " &he 0!s&+!2 &he

'!s&+!al p9e, +!$e, A,'le 31 'a! e '!s&,+e$ & e

l##&e$ & 'ases " &e,#!a! s#pl#'#&e,. I& #s '!&e!$e$ !

ehal" " &he appella!&s &ha& !e#&he, &he la!%+a%e " A,'le 31

!, a!/ &he, p,v#s#! " &he 0!s&+! 9a,,a!&s a$p! "

s+'h a !a,,9 '!s&,+'!. F+,&he,2 &he lea,!e$ A$$#!al

20


21/72

Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al has '!&e!$e$ &ha& &h#s 0+,& has '!s#s&e!&l/

hel$ &ha& &he a#& " &he $'&,#!e " pleas+,e2 '!&a#!e$ +!$e,

A,'le 312 #s a! asl+&e p9e,2 save & &he e&e!& p,v#$e$

&he,9#se / a! ep,ess p,v#s#! " &he 0!s&+!. The !l/

ep,ess l##&a! ! &he p9e, " A,'le 31 e#s&s +!$e, &he

0!s&+! #! ,ela! & &he &e!+,e " 'e,&a#! '!s&+!al

"+!'!a,#es s+'h as &he H!=le J+$%es " &he H#%h 0+,& a!$

&he S+p,ee 0+,&. He "+,&he, '!&e!$s2 pla'#!% ,el#a!'e +p!

oti (am )e*a -supra) &ha& &h#s 0+,& has la#$ $9! &he le%al

p,#!'#pleC &ha& &he a#& " A,'le 31 #s '#,'+s',#e$ !l/ /

&he p,v#s#!s " A,'le 311 a!$ &ha& eve! A,'le 34 $es !&

'#,'+s',#e &he sa#$ p9e,. The '!"e,e!& " p9e, +p! &he

P,es#$e!& " I!$#a +!$e, A,'le 31 #s #! asl+&e &e,s.

The,e",e2 &he,e #s ! as#s ", s+%%es!% &ha& &he p9e, +!$e,

A,'le 31 +%h& & e '!s&,+e$ as e'l+$#!% &he p9e, &

$#s#ss a! epl/ee , ""#'e, ", #s'!$+'&. The ve,/ "a'& &ha&

A,'le 31 a>es &he &e!+,e s+*e'& & &he asl+&e pleas+,e "

&he P,es#$e!& ea!s &ha& &he P,es#$e!& 'a! ee,'#se &he sa#$

p9e, ", a!/ ,eas! a!$ 9#&h+& ass#%!#!% a!/ 'a+se , ,eas!

a!$ &h#s #s p,e'#sel/ 9ha& has ee! la#$ $9! / &h#s 0+,& #!

.". #inghal -supra). He "+,&he, '!&e!$s &ha& &he p9e, +!$e,

21


22/72

A,'le 31 als e!'passes &he p9e, & $#s#ss a! epl/ee ,

""#'e, ", #s'!$+'& a!$ A,'le 311 #s #!appl#'ale #! ,espe'& "

a! epl/ee , ""#'e, " &he a,e$ ",'es. I& #s "+,&he, s+#&&e$

&ha& #! 'ase " a,e$ ",'es s',+!/ " a! ,$e, passe$ +!$e,

A,'le 31 9+l$ !e#&he, 9a,,a!& a! e!+#,/ as & &he "+!$a!

" &he ,$e, !, a! e!+#,/ as & 9he&he, &he ,$e, #s #! &he

!a&+,e " p+!#she!&. The,e",e2 he s+#&s &ha& &he !e'essa,/

',lla,/ &he,e" 9+l$ e &ha& &he 'pe&e!& a+&h,#&/ #s als

",ee & aa!$! a!/ s&a&+&,/ p,'e$+,e a& a!/ s&a%e a!$ &a>e

,es,& & &he '!s&+!al p9e, +!$e, A,'le 31 / &he

P,es#$e!& & &e,#!a&e &he se,v#'es " a! epl/ee""#'e, " &he

a,e$ ",'es. The a#& " s+'h p9e, 'a!!& e '#,'+s',#e$

9#&h ,e"e,e!'e & &he '!'ep&s &ha& %ve,! &he ee,'#se " &he

p9e, #! ,ela! & '#v#l#a! epl/ees""#'e,s.

-3. Lea,!e$ A$$#!al Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al p+& ,el#a!'e ! Chief of

/rmy #taff6s.ajor )haram "al 0u*rety!(145@) - S00 1-

9he,e &h#s 0+,& has als +phel$ &he 'pe&e!& a+&h,#&/=s p9e,

& s9#&'h ve, & #&s p9e, +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'& +p!

aa!$!e!& " &he ;0M p,'ee$#!%s a%a#!s& #&s

epl/ees""#'e,s. The a+&h,#es a,e 'pe&e!& & &a>e

22


23/72


24/72

a!$ a'a$e#' epe,#e!'e Ma*, Sha,a 9as a,,es&e$ #! 1464

a!$ 9as l$%e$ #! a 'ell a!$ 9as $e!#e$ &he as#' "a'#l#es. The

sa#$ ,esp!$e!& ,ep,ese!&e$ & &he 0h#e" " A,/ S&a"" a!$

Dep+&/ 0h#e" " A,/ S&a"";O0 a+& &he #!h+a! &,ea&e!&.

H9eve,2 #! 1464 a 'ha,%e ,ep,& 9as ha!$e$ ve, & &he

,esp!$e!& ! 1..1464 ", 9h#'h he 9as a,,es&e$. I& 9as

alle%e$ / &he ,esp!$e!& &ha& &he a,/ a+&h,#es ,elease$

"alse2 $e"aa&,/ a!$ "a,#'a&e$ p,ess ,elease s&a!% &ha& &he

,esp!$e!& 9as &he ,#!% lea$e, " &he %,+p 9#&h 1@ &he,s a!$

9as sp/#!% ", Pa>#s&a!2 hav#!% ,e'e#ve$ h+%e s+ #! I!$#a!

'+,,e!'/ ", pass#!% " #!",a! & Pa>#s&a! a+& &he I!$#a!

A,/. A se'!$ 'ha,%e ,ep,& 9as ha!$e$ ve, & &he

,esp!$e!&. La&e, ! a s+a,/ " ev#$e!'e 9as 'e!'e$ !

&he as#s " "alse alle%a!.

M,. Ra2 &he! '!&e!$e$ &ha& a+& -6 p,se'+!

9#&!esses 9e,e ea#!e$ a!$ all " &he sp>e a+& h#s

h!es&/ a!$ #!&e%,#&/ a!$ +p,#%h&!ess. Lea,!e$ se!#, '+!sel

s+#&&e$ &ha& 9he! &he 'ha,%es a%a#!s& &he p,ese!& ,esp!$e!&

9e,e !& s+s&a!a&e$ he 9as ,elease$ ", a,,es& a!$

s+spe!$e$ ", $+es. He 9as %,a!&e$ leave a!$ a"&e, &ha& he

9as ,e'alle$ ", $+&/ a!$ a! ,$e, " $#s#ssal $a&e$ 11.1.145

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9as se,ve$ a!$ ha!$e$ ve, & &he ,esp!$e!&. S+se+e!&l/2

/ a ',,#%e!$+ &he ,$e, " $#s#ssal " &he ,esp!$e!& 9as

s+s&+&e$ / a! ,$e, " &e,#!a!.

-@. M,. Ra2 has !& $#sp+&e$ &he "a'& &ha& &he sa#$ ,esp!$e!&

Ma*, S.P. Sha,a "#le$ a 9,#& pe! e#!% B.P. N.15 "

145 'halle!%#!% &he ,$e, " $#s#ssal $a&e$ 11.1.145. The

sa#$ 9,#& pe! 9as $#s#sse$ / a D#v#s#! 8e!'h " &he Delh#

H#%h 0+,& a!$ a%a#!s& &he sa#$ ,$e, &he ,esp!$e!& p,e"e,,e$ a

Spe'#al Leave Pe! e",e &h#s 0+,& e#!% 6--@ " 145

9h#'h 9as als $#s#sse$. Bhe! &he ,$e, " $#s#ssal a&&a#!e$

"#!al#&/2 &he ,esp!$e!& 9as se,ve$ 9#&h a sh9 'a+se !'e as

& 9h/ a '+&"" @G #! &he ,e,ee!& %,a&+#&/ a!$

Dea&h0+Re,ee!& ;,a&+#&/ e !& #pse$ as h#s se,v#'e

9as !& sas"a'&,/. The ,esp!$e!& Sha,a a%a#! 'halle!%e$

&he sa#$ !'e / "#l#!% a 9,#& pe! #! &he H#%h 0+,& e#!%

B.P. N.173 " 145-. I! &he sa#$ B,#& Pe! &he ,esp!$e!&

als 'halle!%e$ &he ,$e, $a&e$ 3.3.145 / 9h#'h &he

$#s#ssal 9as s+s&+&e$ / a! ,$e, " &e,#!a!. The sa#$

9,#& pe! 9as $#s#sse$ / &he H#%h 0+,& ! --.3.145@

hl$#!% &ha& &he sa#$ ,$e, " &e,#!a! #s a &e,#!a!

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26/72

s#pl#'#&e, 9#&h+& e#!% a!/ s%a a&&a'he$. The sa#$ ,$e,

9as 'halle!%e$ / &he ,esp!$e!& / "#l#!% LPA N.66 " 1443.

The a&&e, &he! &,avelle$ & a F+ll 8e!'h a!$ "#!all/ '!'l+$e$

/ &he #p+%!e$ ,$e, passe$ / &he D#v#s#! 8e!'h " &he Delh#

H#%h 0+,&.

-7. M,. P.P. Ra2 lea,!e$ se!#, '+!sel a$va!'e$ h#s a,%+e!& !

&he p#!&s ",+la&e$ / &h#s 0+,& a!$ s+#&&e$ &ha& &he

se'!$ 9,#& pe! 'a!!&2 a& a!/ s&,e&'h " #a%#!a!2 e

hel$ & e a,,e$ / &he p,#!'#ples " res judicata. Lea,!e$

'+!sel "+,&he, s+#&&e$ &ha& / #ss+#!% a! ,$e, "

&e,#!a! #! pla'e " $#s#ssal2 &he e!,e "#!$#!% ,e',$e$ /

&he 0+,& 9h#le '!s#$e,#!% &he ,$e, " $#s#ssal %& 9ashe$

""2 he!'e &he,e 'a! e ! res judicata.

-6.M,. Ra &he! $,e9 +, a&&e!! & &he '+!&e, a""#$av#& "#le$ /

&he appella!& U!#! " I!$#a e",e &he H#%h 0+,& a!$

s+#&&e$ &ha& #" &he ""e!'e 9as s %,ave &he! &he ,esp!$e!&

sh+l$ have ee! p+!#she$ #!s&ea$ " $#s#ssal ", se,v#'e.

-5. M,. Ra vehee!&l/ a,%+e$ / %#v#!% ,e"e,e!'e & &he "#!$#!%

26


27/72

,e',$e$ / &he H#%h 0+,& &ha& !!p,$+'! " ,e',$s a!$

&he a&e,#als 9h#'h a,e &he as#s ", pass#!% &he ,$e, "

&e,#!a! #s 9hll/ #lle%al2 a,#&,a,/ a!$ +!*+s"#e$. He

,e#&e,a&e$ &ha& ", &he !!p,$+'! " a&e,#als a!$ ,e',$s #!

sp#&e " e#!% $#,e'&e$ / &he 0+,&2 a$ve,se #!"e,e!'e has & e

$,a9!. A'',$#!% & &he lea,!e$ se!#, '+!sel2 9#&hhl$#!% "

$'+e!&s / &he '!s&+!al a+&h,#&/ a!$ &he ;ve,!e!&

#s a se,#+s a&&e, a!$2 &he,e",e2 &he H#%h 0+,& has ,#%h&l/

hel$ &he ,$e, " &e,#!a! a$ #! la9. I! &h#s ,e%a,$ lea,!e$

'+!sel ,e"e,,e$ a!$ ,el#e$ +p! &he $e'#s#!s " &h#s 0+,& #!

1opal 0rishnaji 0et*ar 6s. ahomed Haji 2atif % &rs.

1475 (3) S0R 57- a!$ 1haio all % #ons 6s. #tate of )elhi

% &rs.,14@4 S0R 1-.

-4. O! &he +es! " doctrine of pleasure, M,. Ra "#,s&l/

'!&e!$e$ &ha& &he '!s&+!al p,v#s#!s '!&a#!e$ #! A,'le

342 31 a!$ 311 a,e s+*e'& & A,'le 1 " &he 0!s&+!.

A'',$#!% & &he lea,!e$ '+!sel2 A,'le 12 1@ a!$ -1

'!s&+&e &he ',e val+es a!$ s+'h ,#%h& 'a!!& e &a>e! a9a/

! &he plea " $'&,#!eof pleasure. I! &h#s '!!e'! he ,el#e$

! I.(. Coelho 6s. #tate of Tamil !adu, (-6) - S00 1.

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3. M,. Ra &he! '!&e!$e$ &ha& A,'le 33 " &he 0!s&+! #s #!

&he !a&+,e " e'ep! +& #& $es !& a,%a&e &he "+!$ae!&al

,#%h&s. I! &he, 9,$s2 A,'le 33 $es !& spea> a+& &he as#'

s&,+'&+,e " &he 0!s&+!. Lea,!e$ '+!sel ,el#e$ +p! &he

$e'#s#! " &h#s 0+,& #! .". #inghal 6s. $.&.I.2 (-1) 7 S00

331.

31. M,. Ra &he! '!&e!$e$ &ha& A,'le 33 #! a!/ eve!& shall e

%#ve! ,es&,#'&e$ #!&e,p,e&a! ", &he ,eas! &ha& a!/ la9 9h#'h

,es&,#'&s &he "+!$ae!&al ,#%h&s shall e s&,#'&l/ #!&e,p,e&e$. I!

&h#s '!!e'! lea,!e$ '+!sel ,e"e,,e$ & (146) 1 S00 7@:

hut !ath ete6s. #tate of 3est engal. M,. Ra a$$,esse$

! le%al al#'e a!$ al#'e #! la9 a!$ ,e"e,,e$ a $e'#s#! " &h#s

0+,& #! (avi 4ashwant hoir6s.)istrict Collector, (aigad

% &rs.2 (-1-) S00 6.

3-. M,. Ra s+#&&e$ &ha& !l/ !!%s 9e,e p,$+'e$ e",e &he

H#%h 0+,& +& &he a&e,#al ! &he as#s " 9h#'h p#!#! 9as

",e$ 9as !& p,$+'e$. The $e&a#le$ s+a,/ " ev#$e!'e2

$#""e,e!& es a!$ &he, $'+e!&s p,$+'e$ #! &he '+,&

a,al p,'ee$#!% 9e,e als !& p,$+'e$ e",e &he H#%h

0+,&. Lea,!e$ '+!sel s+#&&e$ &ha& &hse !!%s p,$+'e$

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29/72

e",e &he H#%h 0+,& a,e !& a&e,#al2 ,a&he, a$v#s,/ a&e,#al.

Lea,!e$ '+!sel ,e"e,,e$ & se " &he pa,a%,aphs " &he

*+$%e!& ,e!$e,e$ #! S.R. B*33$ $' O)s. 6s. U'*' *

I'$ $' O)s.2(144) 3 S00 1.

Lea,!e$ '+!sel las&l/ s+#&&e$ &ha& al&h+%h @G

'+& #! %,a&+#&/ has ee! 9#&h$,a9! / &he appella!&2 &he

&e,#!a! has & e hel$ as a$.

33. M,. Deepa> 8ha&&a'ha,/a2 lea,!e$ '+!sel appea,#!% ! ehal" "

Ma*, A*9a!# #! 0.A. N.-4@3 " -12 "#,s&l/ s+#&&e$ &ha& &he

,$e, " &e,#!a! +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'& #s a

'l+,ale ee,'#se " p9e, 9h#'h #s a,#&,a,/2 'ap,#'#+s a!$

+!,eas!ale. Lea,!e$ '+!sel s+#&&e$ &ha& &he pleas+,e

$'&,#!e #s &he ,es#$+al ee'+ve p9e, +!$e, Se'! @3 " &he

0!s&+! a!$ he!'e ae!ale & *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 & e!s+,e &ha&

&he sae "ll9s &he sas"a'! " &he P,es#$e!& a"&e, $+e

appl#'a! " #!$ a!$ 9#&h+& a!/ a,#&,a,/2 'ap,#'#+s a!$

+!,eas!ale ee,'#se " p9e,. A'',$#!% & &he lea,!e$

'+!sel &he ,esp!$e!& Ma*, A*9a!# 9as a,,es&e$ a!$ >ep& #!

sl#&a,/ '!"#!ee!& 9#&h+& e#!% #!",e$ " a!/ ,eas! ", &he

sae a!$2 &he,ea"&e,2 ',##!al p,'ee$#!%s 9e,e #!#a&e$ a%a#!s&

29


30/72

h#. I& 9as '!&e!$e$ &ha& &he ',##!al p,'ee$#!%s a%a#!s& h#

9as aa!$!e$ 9#&h+& #!",#!% h# a!/ ,eas! ", &he sae

a!$ "#!all/ he 9as #lle%all/ &e,#!a&e$ +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he

A,/ A'&.

3. O! &he +es! " res judicata, lea,!e$ '+!sel s+#&&e$ &ha&

&he,e #s ! plea$#!% " res judicataeve, ,a#se$ / &he appella!&.

H9eve,2 lea,!e$ '+!sel a$p&e$ &he a,%+e!& a$va!'e$ / M,.

P.P. Ra ! &he +es! " res judicata.

3@. M,s. ?#,a! S+,#2 lea,!e$ '+!sel appea,#!% ", 0ap&. A,+!

Sha,a a!$ 0ap&. J.S. a$av #! 0.A.N.-4@ " -1 a!$ 0.A.N.

-4@6 " -12 "#,s&l/ s+#&&e$ &ha& &he,e #s ! $e'#s#! ! e,#&

#! &he ea,l#e, 9,#& pe! a!$2 &he,e",e2 &he +es! "

appl#'a! " res judicata $es !& a,#se. The 9,#& pe! 9as

$#s#sse$ s#!'e &he pleas+,e $'&,#!e 9as #!v>e$ a!$ #& #s pe!

& *+$#'#al ,ev#e9. Lea,!e$ '+!sel ,el#e$ +p! &he $e'#s#! "

&h#s 0+,& #! M$("/)$ P)$s$ B$** J$s+$& 6s. D*ss4$ N.B.

J####4"*, (146) 1 S00 713C S/%)#3# C*/)( E3%&*,##s & &he H#%h 0+,& ", $e'#s#! ! e,#&. I& 9as ",

&he "#,s& e &he appella!&U!#! " I!$#a a$e +& a 'ase &ha&

pe!e,s ha$ ee! 'a+%h& $#!% esp#!a%e a'v#&/ a!$ &h+s

'!s#$e,e$ a se'+,#&/ s+spe'&. A$p!% &he a,%+e!& " M,. P.P.

Ra2 lea,!e$ se!#, '+!sel s+#&&e$ &ha& A,'le 33 " &he

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36/72

", &he appella!& a!$ sae 9e,e p,$+'e$ #! &he 0+,&.

The D#v#s#! 8e!'h &> !'e " &hse "#les a!$ se,ve$:

@@. The ,esp!$e!&s ha$ s+#&&e$ ", +, pe,+sal "+,&h#! "#les 9#&h+& p,pe, pa%#!a! a!$ #!$e#!%.

@7. F, a ,ea$#!% " &he "#les !e '+l$ see &ha&&he p,psal ha$ 'e ", &he A,/ Hea$+a,&e,sD#,e'&,a&e " M#l#&a,/ I!&ell#%e!'e ", &e,#!a! "se,v#'es " 'e,&a#! ""#'e,s +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he A,/a'&2 14@ a!$ &ha& 9as a''ep&e$ / &he '!'e,!e$M#!#s&,/. The '#,'+s&a!'es +!$e, 9h#'h &he D#,e'&,a&eM#l#&a,/ I!&ell#%e!'e ",e$ &he p#!#! has !& ee!

$#s'lse$. A s#!%le shee& "#le has ee! s+#&&e$ & sh9&ha& ! 16.1-.145 &he,e 9as a ,ev#e9 " &he $e'#s#!&a>e! ea,l#e, a!$ #& appea,s ", a !&e &/pe$ +&9#&h+& a!/ s#%!a&+,e " a!/ a+&h,#&/2 &ha& &he ve,/D#,e'&, " &he M#l#&a,/ I!&ell#%e!'e 9h p,pse$ a'!have ee! a pa,&/ & &he ,ev#e9 ee!%. F, &he,e',$s p,$+'e$ ! a+&h,#&/ 'a! 'e & a!/'!'l+s#! ! &he $e'#s#! & e &a>e! / &he a+&h,#es'!'e,!e$ ", &e,#!a!% se,v#'e " &he ""#'e,s. Be9a!&e$ & sas"/ +,selves a+& &he as#s ! 9h#'h &he

a'! 9as p,pse$ / &he D#,e'&,a&e M#l#&a,/I!&ell#%e!'e. Appa,e!&l/2 &he D#,e'&,a&e " M#l#&a,/I!&ell#%e!'e &h+%h &ha& &he/ a,e !& l#%e$ #! la9 &p,$+'e a!/ ,e',$ e",e &he 0+,& a!$ &he $e'#s#! "&he D#,e'&,a&e M#l#&a,/ I!&ell#%e!'e 'a!!& e s',+!#se$/ &h#s 0+,&.

1-4. I& has !9 e'e asl+&el/ !e'essa,/ &

N'e &he ,e',$s p,$+'e$ / &he ,esp!$e!&s. Bhe!!e &he lea,!e$ a$$l. Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al s+#&&e$ &ha&&h+%h &he ,esp!$e!&s ha$ 'la#e$ p,#v#le%e &he/ ha$! *e'! & pla'e all &he ,e',$s ", &he pe,+sal " &h#s0+,& & sas"/ 9he&he, &he ,esp!$e!&s ha$ a'&e$ #!a'',$a!'e 9#&h la9. I& #s a l#&&le $#s&+,#!% & !&e &ha&,esp!$e!&s #!s&ea$ " p,$+'#!% &he ,eleva!& ,e',$spe,&a#!#!% & &he ""#'e,s #!vlve$ #! &he 'ases ha$ *+s&p,$+'e$ &h,ee "laps. N !+e,s a,e %#ve!. O! "lap'!&a#!s &h,ee shee&s. The "#,s& shee& #s e!!e$ as

I!$e shee&. I!$e shee& #&sel" e!!s &ha& &he,e #s !l/!e pa%e #! &he "#le. The &he, shee& '!&a#!s a !&e

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9h#'h s&a&es &ha& all &he 'ases have ee! &h,+%hl/,ev#e9e$ a& A,/ Hea$+a,&e,s. The &he, shee& sh9s&ha& &he a&&e, 9as $#s'+sse$ #! a ee!% hel$ #! &heHe Se',e&a,/Ks R ! 1.1.145.

13. The !e& "lap #s ep&/. The sae !&e2 as "+!$ #!&he ea,l#e, "lap2 #s "+!$ p#!!e$ ! & &he "lap #&sel". I!&he &h#,$ "lap &he,e a,e 1@ shee&s. The "#,s& shee& #s &/pe$as I!$e Shee&. I& s&a&es &ha& &h#s "#le '!&a#!s a &&al "1- pa%es. Bhe! &he,e a,e 1 shee&s es#$es &he I!$eShee& a!$ #! se shee&s &h s#$es a,e &/pe$. The,e",e2&he "lap '!&a#!s 1- pa%es #s !& a''+,a&e. These shee&sals $ !& %#ve +s a!/ ,eleva!& a&e,#al & ", a!p#!#! a+& &he a'! &a>e! / &he,esp!$e!&s. The,e",e2 &he #,,es#sle '!'l+s#! #s

&ha& &he ,esp!$e!&s have s+pp,esse$ &he a&e,#al,e',$s ", &h#s 0+,& a!$ a,e !& 9#ll#!% & pa,& 9#&h ,p,$+'e &he sae ", pe,+sal " &he 0+,&. I& 'a!!& ep,e&e!$e$ / &he ,esp!$e!&s &ha& &he,e a,e ! &he, "#lesava#lale 9#&h &he e'ep& &he &h,ee "laps p,$+'e$e",e &h#s 0+,&2 as #! &he 9,#&&e! !&es s+#&&e$ /&he lea,!e$ A$$l. Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al ,e"e,e!'e #s a$e &"#le N. 42 12 152 12 - a!$ pa%es " &he "#les a,e als %#ve!#! &he 9,#&&e! !&es2 se "#les '!&a#!#!% ,e &ha!7 pa%es.

. O! &he as#s " &he a",esa#$ "#!$#!%s2 &he D#v#s#! 8e!'h

hel$ &ha& &he ,esp!$e!&appella!& has !& pla'e$ a!/

a&e,#al *+s"/#!% &he#, a'!. The 0+,& has2 &he,e",e2

'!'l+$e$ #&s "#!$#!%s #! pa,a 175 " &he *+$%e!& 9h#'h #s

,ep,$+'e$ he,e+!$e,:

175. The 9hle " &he +!$le " "a'&s #! &he #!s&a!&a&'h " 'ases 9+l$ appea, & e a p& #le, & p,*e'&&he #a%e " &he M#l#&a,/ I!&ell#%e!'e D#,e'&,a&e2leav#!% +s a& &he e!$ 9#&h &he 'l#"" ha!%e,9#&h+& a!/ #&a " a&e,#als & ", a! p#!#! a+&&he #!vlvee!& " &he appella!&s a!$ &he pe!e,s.The/ have 'hse! !& & p,$+'e &he e!,e ,e',$s9#&h+& ,eal#s#!% &he#, '!s&+!al l#%a!. J+s& &

a>e a! apl%/ &he/ have p,$+'e$ se "laps as #"

37


38/72

&he/ '!s&+&e all &he ,e',$s #! &he 'ase. I! a s/s&e9he,e ,+le " la9 ,e#%!s s+p,ee &he $ep,&e!& " &he,esp!$e!&s 'a!!& a& all e &le,a&e$. J+s'e Hles "&he S+p,ee 0+,& " &he U!#&e$ S&a&es " Ae,#'aSpea>#!% ", &he S+p,ee 0+,& #! B#s'!s#! vs. Ill#!#s2

-51 US 164.

The S&a&e +s&... /#el$ & a! a+&h,#&/ &ha& #spa,a+!& & &he S&a&e.

@. M,. Pa,as ?+ha$2 lea,!e$ A$$#!al Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al

assa#le$ &he a",esa#$ "#!$#!% as e#!% #!',,e'& a!$

s+#&&e$ &ha& all &he ,eleva!& a&e,#als 9e,e p,$+'e$

e",e &he 0+,& a!$ a"&e, hea,#!% 9as '!'l+$e$2 all &hse

,#%#!al pape,s 9e,e ,e&+,!e$ a'> & &he appella!&. The

appella!& ha$ s+#&&e$ &he ph&'p/ " all &he ,eleva!&

a&e,#al.

7. D+,#!% &he '+,se " hea,#!%2 Lea,!e$ A$$#!al Sl#'#&,

;e!e,al p,$+'e$ e",e +s all &hse "#les a!$ $'+e!&s

9h#'h 9e,e p,$+'e$ e",e &he H#%h 0+,&. The A$$#!al

Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al als p,$+'e$ &he l#!> "#le as $#,e'&e$ /

+s.

6. M,s. ?#,a! S+,#2 lea,!e$ se!#, '+!sel appea,#!% #! !e

" &he 0#v#l Appeal N.-4@ " -12 s+#&&e$ a !&e

9he,e#! she has e!!e$ &ha& ! 3.1.-1 &he A$v'a&e

38


39/72

,e'e#ve$ a'> &he "ll9#!% ,#%#!al "#le ", &he H#%h 0+,&

as pe, &he ,e'e#p& p,$+'e$ / &he appella!& #! L.P.A.

N.3 " 1456 a!$ &he, '!!e'&e$ a&&e,s.

#) ;0Mp,'ee$#!%s #! ,espe'& " 0ap&. A.?. Ra!a I0 -3H(Pa%e 171@)

##) ;0M P,'ee$#!%s #! ,espe'& " 0ap&R.S. Ra&ha+, I0 -36- N (Pa%e 1@66)

###) F#le'!&a#!#!% a!al/s#s " Esp#!a%e

'ases #! &he ,espe'& " all &he Appella!&s.(Pa%e 113)

#v) 8,#e" " Saa sp/ 0ases (Pa%e 17)

v) F#lesh9#!% app,val " 0h#e" " A,/S&a"" #! ,espe'& " all 'ases. (Pa%e 14)

v#) F#lesh9#!% app,val " ;v&2 " I!$#a #!

,espe'& " all &he 'ases. (Pa%e 11-)v##) F#lesh9#!% !&e ", PMOKs O""#'e,e%a,$#!% ,ev#e9 !&e " ,ev#e9 a& ""#'e "He Se',e&a,/ (Pa%e 1-)

5. Be have #!+&el/ pe,+se$ all &he ,e',$s #!'l+$#!% !!%s

al!% 9#&h l#!> "#le p,$+'e$ / &he A$$#!al Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al.

O! pe,+sal a!$ s',+!/ " all &hse a&e,#als 9e a,e " &he v#e9

&ha& &he H#%h 0+,& has '#&&e$ %,ave e,,, " ,e',$ a!$

&he,e #s &&al !!appl#'a! " #!$ #! ,e',$#!% &he a",esa#$

"#!$#!%s. F, &he ,e',$2 #& #s ev#$e!&l/ 'lea, &ha& &he #!+#,/

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a%a#!s& &hese ,esp!$e!&s 9e,e #!#a&e$ / &he A,/

Hea$+a,&e,s2 D#,e'&, " M#l#&a,/ I!&ell#%e!'e. The "#le &,avele$

", 0h#e" " &he A,/ S&a"" & M#!#s&,/ " De"e!'e 9#&h &he

s&,!% ,e'e!$a! & &e,#!a&e &he se,v#'es " &he

,esp!$e!&s #! &he #!&e,es& " se'+,#&/ " &he S&a&e as &he,e 9as

se a&e,#al & sh9 &ha& &hese ""#'e,s 9e,e #!vlve$ #!

esp#!a%e 'ases. The ,e'e!$a! ", &e,#!a! " &he#,

se,v#'es +p & &he De"e!'e M#!#s&,/ 9as "#!all/ app,ve$ / &he

P,#e M#!#s&e, 9h als happe!e$ & e &he De"e!'e M#!#s&e, "

I!$#a a& &ha& e. The "#le 9as &he! pla'e$ e",e &he P,es#$e!&

" I!$#a 9h #! ee,'#se " &he '!s&+!al p9e, &e,#!a&e$

&he se,v#'es " &hese ""#'e,s.

4. The l#!> "#le "+,&he, ,eveals &ha& '!"ess#!al s&a&ee!&s "

0ap&a#! Ra!a a!$ &he, ""#'e,s 9e,e als ,e',$e$ a!$ s&,!%

prima facie'ase 9as "+!$ ,ela!% & &he #!vlvee!& " &hese

""#'e,s #! esp#!a%e a'v#es a!$ sha,#!% #!",a! 9#&h &he

Pa>#s&a!# #!&,+$e,s.

@. O! assess#!% &he a&e,#als '!&a#!e$ #! l#!> "#le a!$ &he

!!%s sh9#!% &he s+%%es!s a!$ ,e'e!$a!s +p &

&he level " $e"e!'e #!#s&,/ a!$ &he P,#e M#!#s&e,2 #& 'a!!&

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se,v#'es " &hese ""#'e,s 9e,e &a>e! +!$e, &he


43/72

&hese '!s#$e,a!s 9+l$ &he! a,#se 9h#'h0+,&s &a>e #!& a''+!& 9he! &he Ee'+ve29h#'h al!e 'a! have all &he !e'essa,/#!",a! a!$ ea!s & *+$%e s+'h a! #ss+e2

&ells 0+,&s &ha& &he !a! #s "a'e$ 9#&h a %,ave!a!al ee,%e!'/ $+,#!% 9h#'h #&s ve,/e#s&e!'e , s&a#l#&/ a/ e a& s&a>e. Tha& 9as&he p,#!'#ple 9h#'h %ve,!e$ &he $e'#s#! " &heH+se " L,$s #! *iversidge v. +nderson. Thep,#!'#ple #s s+e$ +p #! &he sal+&a,/ a#:(alus opuli (upreme *e. A!$ #& 9as &ha&p,#!'#ple 9h#'h &h#s 0+,&2 $ep,#ve$ " &he p9e,& ea#!e , +es! a!/ a&e,#als ! 9h#'h

s+'h $e'la,a!s a/ e ase$2 a'&e$ #!+dditional istrict /agistrate, 0abalpur v.(hiva#ant (hu#laBe !ee$ !& % s "a, as &ha&9he! 9e have e",e +s !l/ a p,'laa!+!$e, A,'le 3@7(1).

56. 0+,&s have '!s#s&e!&l/ hel$ #ss+es ,a#s#!%

+es!s " e,e s+""#'#e!'/ " %,+!$s "ee'+ve a'!2 s+'h as &he !e +!$e, A,'le3@7(1) ! $+& #s & e !!*+s'#ale. Theae!$e$ A,'le 3@7(@) " &he 0!s&+!#!$#'a&es &ha& &he 0!s&+!a>e,s $#$ !&9a!& s+'h a! #ss+e ,a#s#!% a e,e +es! "s+""#'#e!'/ " %,+!$s & e *+s'#ale. T &hesae e""e'& a,e &he p,v#s#!s '!&a#!e$ #!A,'les 3@-(@)2 37(@). S##la,l/2 A,'les 1-3()2

-13()2 -34 8() a, &he *+,#s$#'! " '+,&s &ea#!e a&&e,s 9h#'h l#e 9#&h#! &he ee'+ve$#s',e!. S+'h $#s',e! #s %ve,!e$ / a la,%eelee!& " pl#'/ 9h#'h #s !& ae!ale & &he*+,#s$#'! " '+,&s e'ep& #! 'ases " pa&e!& ,#!$+#&ale ala"#$es , e'ess " p9e,. I&see,'#se ,es&s ! a&e,#als 9h#'h a,e !&ea#!ale / '+,&s. I!$ee$2 #& #s $#""#'+l& a%#!e h9 &he %,+!$s "

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(-)N&9#&hs&a!$#!% &ha& a pe,s! hl$#!% a '#v#l ps&+!$e, &he U!#! , a S&a&e hl$s ""#'e $+,#!% &hepleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!& ,2 as &he 'ase a/ e2 " &he;ve,!, " &he S&a&e2 a!/ '!&,a'& +!$e, 9h#'h a

pe,s!2 !& e#!% a ee, " a $e"e!'e se,v#'e , " a!all I!$#a se,v#'e , " a '#v#l se,v#'e " &he U!#! , aS&a&e2 #s app#!&e$ +!$e, &h#s 0!s&+! & hl$ s+'h aps& a/2 #" &he P,es#$e!& , &he ;ve,!, as &he 'asea/ e2 $ees #& !e'essa,/ #! ,$e, & se'+,e &hese,v#'es " a pe,s! hav#!% spe'#al +al#"#'a!s2 p,v#$e", &he pa/e!& & h# " 'pe!sa!2 #" e",e &heep#,a! " a! a%,ee$ pe,#$2 &ha& ps& #s al#she$ ,he #s2 ", ,eas!s !& '!!e'&e$ 9#&h a!/ #s'!$+'& !h#s pa,&2 ,e+#,e$ & va'a&e &ha& ps&.

A,'le 311: D#s#ssal2 ,eval , ,e$+'! #! ,a!> "pe,s!s epl/e$ #! '#v#l 'apa'#es +!$e, &he U!#! , aS&a&e(1)N pe,s! 9h #s a ee, " a '#v#l se,v#'e " &heU!#! , a! all I!$#a se,v#'e , a '#v#l se,v#'e " a S&a&e ,hl$s a '#v#l ps& +!$e, &he U!#! , a S&a&e shall e$#s#sse$ , ,eve$ / a a+&h,#&/ s+,$#!a&e & &ha&/ 9h#'h he 9as app#!&e$(-)N s+'h pe,s! as a",esa#$ shall e $#s#sse$ ,

,eve$ , ,e$+'e$ #! ,a!> e'ep& a"&e, a! #!+#,/ #!9h#'h he has ee! #!",e$ " &he 'ha,%es a%a#!s& h#a!$ %#ve! a ,eas!ale pp,&+!#&/ " e#!% hea,$ #!,espe'& " &hse 'ha,%es P,v#$e$ &ha& 9he,e #& #sp,pse$ a"&e, s+'h #!+#,/2 & #pse +p! h# a!/s+'h pe!al&/2 s+'h pe!al&/ a/ e #pse$ ! &he as#s" &he ev#$e!'e a$$+'e$ $+,#!% s+'h #!+#,/ a!$ #& shall!& e !e'essa,/ & %#ve s+'h pe,s! a!/ pp,&+!#&/ "a>#!% ,ep,ese!&a! ! &he pe!al&/ p,pse$: P,v#$e$"+,&he, &ha& &h#s 'la+se shall !& appl/(a)9he,e a pe,s! #s $#s#sse$ , ,eve$ , ,e$+'e$ #!

,a!> ! &he %,+!$ " '!$+'& 9h#'h has le$ & h#s'!v#'! ! a ',##!al 'ha,%eC ,

()9he,e &he a+&h,#&/ ep9e,e$ & $#s#ss , ,evea pe,s! , & ,e$+'e h# #! ,a!> #!s sas"#e$ &ha& ",se ,eas!2 & e ,e',$e$ / &ha& a+&h,#&/ #! 9,#!%2#& #s !& ,eas!al/ p,a''ale & hl$ s+'h #!+#,/C ,

(')9he,e &he P,es#$e!& , &he ;ve,!,2 as &he 'ase a/e2 #s sas"#e$ &ha& #! &he #!&e,es& " &he se'+,#&/ " &he

S&a&e2 #& #s !& epe$#e!& & hl$ s+'h #!+#,/C

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(3)I"2 #! ,espe'& " a!/ s+'h pe,s! as a",esa#$2 a+es! a,#ses 9he&he, #& #s ,eas!al/ p,a''ale &hl$ s+'h #!+#,/ as #s ,e"e,,e$ & #! 'la+se (-)2 &he$e'#s#! &he,e! " &he a+&h,#&/ ep9e,e$ & $#s#ss, ,eve s+'h pe,s! , & ,e$+'e h# #! ,a!> shall e

"#!al.

@@. A,'le 34 ep9e,s &he app,p,#a&e le%#sla&+,e & ,e%+la&e &he

,e',+#&e!& a!$ '!$#!s " se,v#'es " pe,s!s app#!&e$ #!

p+l#' se,v#'es a!$ ps&s #! '!!e'! 9#&h &he a""a#,s " &he

U!#! , &he S&a&e. 8+& A,'le 34 #s s+*e'& & &he p,v#s#!s

" &he 0!s&+!. He!'e2 &he R+les a!$ Re%+la!s a$e

,ela!% & &he '!$#!s " se,v#'e a,e s+*e'& & A,'les 31

a!$ 311 " &he 0!s&+!. The P,v#s & A,'le 34 '!"e,s

p9e,s +p! &he P,es#$e!& #! 'ase " se,v#'es a!$ ps&s #!

'!!e'! 9#&h &he a""a#,s " &he U!#! a!$ +p! &he ;ve,!,

" a S&a&e #! '!!e'! 9#&h &he se,v#'es a!$ ps&s '!!e'&e$

9#&h &he a""a#,s " &he S&a&e & a>e ,+les ,e%+la!% &he

,e',+#&e!& a!$ &he '!$#!s " se,v#'es " &he pe,s!s

app#!&e$. The se,v#'e '!$#! shall e ,e%+la&e$ a'',$#!% &

s+'h ,+les.

@7. A,'le 31 p,v#$es &ha& eve,/ pe,s!2 9h #s a ee, " &he

$e"e!'e se,v#'e , " a '#v#l se,v#'e " &he U!#! , All I!$#a

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Se,v#'e2 , a!/ '#v#l , $e"e!'e ",'e shall hl$ s+'h ps&s $+,#!%

&he pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!&. S##la,l/2 eve,/ pe,s! 9h #s a

Mee, " &he 0#v#l Se,v#'es " a S&a&e , hl$s a!/ '#v#l ps&

+!$e, a S&a&e2 hl$s ""#'e $+,#!% &he pleas+,e " &he ;ve,!, "

&he S&a&e. I& #s 9,&h & e!! he,e &ha& &he pe!#!% 9,$ "

A,'le 31 E'ep& as ep,essl/ p,v#$e$ / &h#s 0!s&+!

a>es #& 'lea, &ha& a ;ve,!e!& se,va!& hl$s &he ""#'e $+,#!%

&he pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!& , &he ;ve,!, e'ep& as ep,essl/

p,v#$e$ / &he 0!s&+!.

@6. F, a,e pe,+sal " &he p,v#s#!s '!&a#!e$ #! A,'le 311 "

&he 0!s&+!2 #& #s a!#"es&l/ 'lea, &ha& 'la+ses (#) a!$ (##) "

A,'le 311 #pse ,es&,#'!s +p! &he ee,'#se " p9e, / &he

P,es#$e!& , &he ;ve,!, " &he S&a&e " h#s pleas+,e +!$e,

A,'le 31 (1) " &he 0!s&+!. A,'le 311 a>es #& 'lea, &ha&

a!/ pe,s! 9h #s a ee, " '#v#l se,v#'es " &he U!#! , &he

S&a&e , hl$s '#v#l ps&s +!$e, &he U!#! , a S&a&e shall !& e

,eve$ , $#s#sse$ ", se,v#'e / a! a+&h,#&/ s+,$#!a&e

& &ha& / 9h#'h he 9as app#!&e$. F+,&he,2 'la+se (##) " A,'le

311 a!$a&es &ha& s+'h ,eval , $#s#ssal , ,e$+'! #!

,a!> " &he ee,s " &he '#v#l se,v#'es " &he U!#! , &he

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S&a&e shall e !l/ a"&e, %#v#!% ,eas!ale pp,&+!#&/ " hea,#!%

#! ,espe'& " &he 'ha,%es levele$ a%a#!s& h#. H9eve,2 p,v#s

& A,'le 311 (-) a>es #& 'lea, &ha& &h#s 'la+se shall !& appl/

inter-alia9he,e &he P,es#$e!& , &he ;ve,!,2 as &he 'ase a/

e2 #s sas"#e$ &ha& #! &he #!&e,es& " &he se'+,#&/ " &he S&a&e #& #s

!& epe$#e!& & hl$ s+'h e!+#,/.

@5. The ep,ess#! e'ep& as &he,9#se p,v#$e$ #! &he 0!s&+!

as '!&a#!e$ #! A,'le 31 (1) ea!s &h#s A,'le #s s+*e'& !l/

& &he ep,ess p,v#s#! a$e #! &he 0!s&+!. N p,v#s#!

#! &he s&a&+&e 'a! '+,&a#l &he p,v#s#!s " A,'le 31 " &he

0!s&+!. A& &h#s *+!'&+,e2 I 9+l$ l#>e & ,e"e, Se'!s 15

a!$ 14 " &he A,/ A'& as +!$e,:

15. Te!+,e " se,v#'e +!$e, &he A'& Q Eve,/ pe,s!s+*e'& & &h#s A'& shall hl$ ""#'e $+,#!% &he pleas+,e "&he P,es#$e!&.

14.Te,#!a! " se,v#'e / 0e!&,al ;ve,!e!&.S+*e'& & &he p,v#s#!s " &h#s A'& a!$ &he ,+les a!$,e%+la!s a$e &he,e +!$e, &he 0e!&,al ;ve,!e!&a/ $#s#ss2 , ,eve ", &he se,v#'e2 a!/ pe,s!s+*e'& & &h#s A'&.

@4. The a",esa#$ &9 Se'!s #.e. 15 a!$ 14 a,e $#s!'& a!$ appl/

#! &9 $#""e,e!& s&a%es. Se'! 15 spea>s a+& &he asl+&e

$#s',e! " &he P,es#$e!& ee,'#s#!% pleas+,e $'&,#!e. N

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p,v#s#!s #! &he A,/ A'& '+,&a#l2 '!&,l , l##& &he p9e,

'!&a#!e$ #! A,'le 31(1) " &he 0!s&+!. A,'le 34

e!ales &he le%#sla&+,e , ee'+ve & a>e a!/ la92 ,+le ,

,e%+la! 9#&h ,e%a,$ & '!$#! " se,v#'es 9#&h+& #p#!%#!%

+p! &he ve,,#$#!% p9e, ,e'%!#e$ +!$e, A,'le 31 " &he

0!s&+!. A 0!s&+! 8e!'h " &h#s 0+,& #! #tate of

$ttar "radesh and others vs. abu (am $padhayay,(1471) -

S0R 7642 hel$ &ha& &he 0!s&+! p,a''all/ #!',p,a&e$ &he

p,v#s#!s " Se'!s - a!$ -1 " &he ;ve,!e!& " I!$#a

A'&2 143@ #! A,'les 34 a!$ 31 " &he 0!s&+!. 8+& &he

0!s&+! has !& a$e &he &e!+,e " pleas+,e s+*e'& &

a!/ la9 a$e / &he le%#sla&+,e. O! &he &he, ha!$2 A,'le 34

#s ep,essl/ a$e s+*e'& & &he p,v#s#!s " A,'le 31 9h#'h

p,v#$es ", pleas+,e $'&,#!e. He!'e2 #& 'a! sa"el/ e '!'l+$e$

&ha& &he A,/ A'& 'a!!& #! a!/ 9a/ ve,,#$e , s&a!$ h#%he,

&ha! 0!s&+!al p,v#s#!s '!&a#!e$ #! A,'le 34 a!$

'!se+e!&l/ ! p,v#s#! " &he A,/ A'& '+l$ '+& $9! &he

pleas+,e &e!+,e #! A,'le 31 " &he 0!s&+!. I! a!&he,

0!s&+! 8e!'h J+$%e!& " &h#s 0+,& #! oti (am )e*a

$s# (147) @ S0R2 7532 &he#, L,$sh#ps se,ve$ &ha& A,'le

34 'a!!& #pa#, , a""e'& &he pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!&

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'!"e,,e$ / A,'le 31. The,e #s ! $+&2 A,'le 34 has &

e ,ea$ s+*e'& & A,'les 31 a!$ 311 a!$ A,'le 31 has & e

,ea$ s+*e'& & A,'le 311.

7. I! &he 'ase " .". #inghal(s+p,a)2a 0!s&+! 8e!'h " &h#s

0+,& has ela,a&el/ $#s'+sse$ &he appl#'a! a!$ *e'& " &he

$'&,#!e " pleas+,e a!$ '!s#$e,e$ s& " &he ea,l#e, $e'#s#!s

,e!$e,e$ / &h#s 0+,&. Se " &he pa,a%,aphs a,e 9,&h & e

+&e$ he,e#! el9:

822.The,e #s a $#s!'! e&9ee! &he $'&,#!e " pleas+,e as#& e#s&e$ #! a "e+$al se&+p a!$ &he $'&,#!e " pleas+,e #! a$e',a'/ %ve,!e$ / &he ,+le " la9. I! a !#!e&ee!&h'e!&+,/ "e+$al se&+p +!"e&&e,e$ p9e, a!$ $#s',e! " &he0,9! 9as !& a! al#e! '!'ep&. H9eve,2 #! a $e',a'/

%ve,!e$ / ,+le " la92 9he,e a,#&,a,#!ess #! a!/ ", #ses'he9e$2 ! ;ve,!e!& , a+&h,#&/ has &he ,#%h& & $9ha& #& pleases. The $'&,#!e " pleas+,e $es !& ea! al#'e!'e & a'& a,#&,a,#l/2 'ap,#'#+sl/ , 9h#s#'all/. I& #sp,es+e$ &ha& $#s',e!a,/ p9e,s '!"e,,e$ #! asl+&e a!$+!"e&&e,e$ &e,s ! a!/ p+l#' a+&h,#&/ 9#ll !e'essa,#l/ a!$v#+sl/ e ee,'#se$ ,eas!al/ a!$ ", &he p+l#' %$.

. The $'&,#!e " pleas+,e as ,#%#!all/ e!v#sa%e$ #!E!%la!$ 9as a p,e,%ave p9e, 9h#'h 9as +!"e&&e,e$. I&

ea!& &ha& &he hl$e, " a! ""#'e +!$e, pleas+,e '+l$ e,eve$ a& a!/ e2 9#&h+& !'e2 9#&h+& ass#%!#!% 'a+se2a!$ 9#&h+& &he,e e#!% a !ee$ ", a!/ 'a+se. 8+& 9he,e &he,+le " la9 p,eva#ls2 &he,e #s !&h#!% l#>e +!"e&&e,e$ $#s',e!, +!a''+!&ale a'!. The $e%,ee " !ee$ ", ,eas! a/va,/. The $e%,ee " s',+!/ $+,#!% *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 a/ va,/.8+& &he !ee$ ", ,eas! e#s&s. As a ,es+l& 9he! &he0!s&+! " I!$#a p,v#$es &ha& se ""#'es 9#ll e hel$$+,#!% &he pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!&2 9#&h+& a!/ ep,essl##&a!s , ,es&,#'!s2 #& sh+l$ h9eve, !e'essa,#l/ e,ea$ as e#!% s+*e'& & &he "+!$ae!&als "

'!s&+!al#s. The,e",e #! a '!s&+!al se&+p2 9he!

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!l/ ! &he %,+!$ " ala"#$e. I& 9as "+,&he, se,ve$

&ha& #& #s ", &he pe,s! alle%#!% ala"#$e & a>e +& a

p,#a "a'#e 'ase. F, e&&e, app,e'#a!2 &he ,$e, passe$

/ &h#s 0+,& #s +&e$ he,e#! el9.

1. Spe'#al leave %,a!&e$.-. Hea,$ &h s#$es. A'',$#!% & +s2 all &ha& &he #p+%!e$

*+$%e!& hl$s #s &ha& a! ,$e, passe$ +!$e, Se'! 15 "&he A,/ A'& 'a! e 'halle!%e$ ! &he %,+!$ " ala"#$es.Th#s s&a&ee!& " la9 #s +!e'ep!al. H9eve,2 #& #s ", &hepe,s! 9h 'halle!%es #& ! &he %,+!$ " ala"#$es2 & a>e

+& a p,#a "a'#e 'ase #! &ha& ehal". I& #s !l/ #" he$#s'ha,%es &he sa#$ +,$e!2 &ha& &he ;ve,!e!& #s 'alle$+p! & sh9 &ha& #& #s !& passe$ #! &he ala"#$e ee,'#se "#&s p9e,s. Bh#le $#!% s2 &he ;ve,!e!& #s !& p,e'l+$e$", 'la##!% &he p,#v#le%e #! ,espe'& " &he a&e,#al 9h#'ha/ e #! #&s pssess#! a!$ ! &he as#s " 9h#'h &he ,$e,#s passe$. The ;ve,!e!& a/ als 'hse & sh9 &hea&e,#al !l/ & &he '+,&. B#&h ,e%a,$ & &he plea$#!%s #!,espe'& " &he 'halle!%e & &he ,$e, ! &he %,+!$ "ala"#$es2 ! pa,'+la, ",+la 'a! e la#$ $9!. Theplea$#!%s 9#ll $epe!$ +p! &he "a'&s " ea'h 'ase.

3.The appella!&s a,e pe,#&&e$ & 9#&h$,a9 ", &he

appeale2 pp. --1 & -3- 9h#'h a'',$#!% & &he lea,!e$Sl#'#&, ;e!e,al have ee! a!!ee$ & &he e#!a$ve,&e!&l/.

4.The appeals a,e $#spse$ " a'',$#!%l/ 9#&h ! ,$e, as &'s&s.

73. The F+ll 8e!'h " &he Delh# H#%h 0+,& 9h#le a!s9e,#!% &he

,e"e,e!'e has se,ve$ #! pa,a%,aphs 36 a!$ 35 9h#'h #s

+&e$ he,e+!$e,:

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36. U!$+&e$l/2 &he p9e, +!$e, Se'! 15 'a!!& e,$#!a,#l/ #!v>e$ ", $eal#!% 9#&h 'ases " #s'!$+'& a!$ &he&he, p,v#s#!s #! &he A,/ A'& $eal#!% 9#&h &he va,#+s >#!$s "#s'!$+'& have & e #!v>e$ ", $eal#!% 9#&h s+'h 'ases. Th#sp9e, +!$e, Se'! 15 +s& e +se$ spa,#!%l/ !l/ 9he! #& #sepe$#e!& & $eal 9#&h s+'h 'ases +!$e, &he &he, p,v#s#!s "&he A,/ A'&. I! v#e9 " &he se!s#ve !a&+,e " 'ases #!vlv#!%se'+,#&/ " S&a&e &ha& a/ 'e +p #! &he 'ase " a,e$ ",'es #&'a!!& e sa#$ &ha& #! ! 'ase " #s'!$+'& se'! 15 'a! e#!v>e$. The,e a/ e 'ases 9he,e se'+,#&/ " S&a&e #s #!vlve$a!$ #& a/ !& e epe$#e!& & '!!+e 9#&h &he #!+#,/ p,v#$e$+!$e, &he A,/ A'& ", $eal#!% 9#&h #s'!$+'&. I& appea,s &ha& #s spe'#"#'all/ ", &h#s ,eas! &ha& se'! 15 has ee!#!',p,a&e$ #! &he A,/ A'& $esp#&e &he "a'& &ha& A,'le 31 "&he 0!s&+! al,ea$/ p,v#$e$ &ha& &e!+,e " a! A,/pe,s!!el 9+l$ e a& &he pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!&. Th#s #s ap9e, %#ve! & &he S+p,ee 0a!$e, " &he A,e$ F,'es2 #.e.&he P,es#$e!& " I!$#a & e #!v>e$ #! s+'h 'ases 9he,e #!+#,/ #!&he, ", #s !& a$v#sale a!$ #s #!epe$#e!&. Th#s p9e, #ss##la, & se'!$ p,v#s (a)2 () (') " A,'le 311 (-) 9h#'hp,v#$es ", $#spe!s#!% 9#&h &he #!+#,/ #! 'e,&a#! 'ases eve! #!&he 'ase " '#v#l se,v#'e. The sa"e%+a,$ p,v#$e$ ", a %ve,!e!&se,va!& / 'la+se (-) " A,'le 311 #s &a>e! a9a/ 9he! se'!$p,v#s & A,'le 311(-) e'es appl#'ale. The S+p,ee 0+,! T+ls# Ra Pa&elKs 'ase (s+p,a) se,ve$ &ha& &he se'!$ p,v#shas ee! e!!e$ #! &he 0!s&+! as a a&&e, " p+l#'pl#'/ a!$ #! p+l#' #!&e,es& ", p+l#' %$. The S+p,ee 0+,&"+,&he, se,ve$ &ha& +'h as #& a/ see ha,sh a!$ pp,ess#ve& a %ve,!e!& se,va!&2 &he '+,& +s& ,epel &he &ep&a! &e 'a,,#e$ a9a/ / "eel#!%s " '#se,a! a!$ s/pa&h/ #!s+'h 'ases. The,e",e2 eve! #" a! ,$e, +!$e, Se'! 15 ",,ev#!% a $e"e!se pe,s!!el ", #s'!$+'& #s passe$ #" #& #s"+!$ &ha& &he,e 9e,e s+""#'#e!& ,eas!s ", ,es,!% & Se'!152 &he sae 9+l$ !& e pe! & 'halle!%e ! e,#&s. TheS+p,ee 0+,& #! 0h#e" " A,/ S&a"" A!,. v. Ma*, Dha,a Pal?+>,e&/2 145@ 0,#LJ 4132 has hel$ &ha& eve! a"&e, 0+,& Ma,alp,'ee$#!%s ha$ ee! '!'l+$e$2 &he "#!$#!% " &he %e!e,al '+,&a,al hav#!% !& ee! '!"#,e$ / &he 0h#e" " A,/ S&a""2"+,&he, ,e&e!! " &he A,/ pe,s!!el e#!% +!$es#,ale2 &he0h#e" " A,/ S&a"" '+l$ ,es,& & R+le 12 #!$#'a!% &he,e/ &ha&eve! a"&e, ,es,!% & '+,& a,al p,'ee$#!%s #" #& #s "+!$#!epe$#e!& & '!!+e 9#&h &he 0+,& Ma,al p,'ee$#!%s #& 9aspe! & ,es,& & p,'ee$#!%s +!$e, Se'! 14 " &he A,/ A'&.

The S+p,ee 0+,& se,ve$:

The ',+'#al +es!2 &he,e",e2 #s 9he&he, &he 0e!&,al;ve,!e!& , &he 0h#e" " &he A,/ S&a"" 'a! have

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,es,& & R+le 1 " &he A,/ R+les. Th+%h #& #s pe!& &he 0e!&,al ;ve,!e!& , &he 0h#e" " &he A,/S&a"" & have ,e'+,se & &ha& ,+le #! &he "#,s& #!s&a!'e9#&h+& $#,e'!% &,#al / a '+,&a,al " &he'!'e,!e$ ""#'e,2 &he,e #s ! p,v#s#! #! &he A,/ A'&, #! R+le 1 , a!/ " &he &he, ,+les " &he A,/R+les 9h#'h p,h##&s &he 0e!&,al ;ve,!e!& , &he0h#e" " &he A,/ S&a"" ", ,es,!% #! s+'h a 'ase &R+le 1. 0a! #&2 h9eve,2 e sa#$ &ha& #! s+'h a 'ase a&,#al / a '+,&a,al #s #!epe$#e!& , #p,a''ale

The Sh,&e, O",$ E!%l#sh D#'!a,/2 Th#,$ E$#!2$e"#!es &he 9,$ K#!epe$#e!&K as ea!#!% !&epe$#e!&C $#sa$va!&a%e+s #! &he '#,'+s&a!'es2#!a$v#sale2 #pl#&e. The sae $#'!a,/ $e"#!esKepe$#e!&K #!&e, al#as as ea!#!% a$va!&a%e+sC "#&2p,pe,2 , s+#&ale & &he '#,'+s&a!'es " &he 'ase.Bes&e,Ks Th#,$ Ne9 I!&e,!a!al D#'!a,/ als$e"#!es &he &e, Kepe$#e!&K #!&e, al#as as ea!#!%K'ha,a'&e,#e$ / s+#&a#l#&/2 p,a''al#&/2 a!$ e""#'#e!'/#! a'h#ev#!% a pa,'+la, e!$C "#&2 p,pe, ,a$va!&a%e+s +!$e, &he '#,'+s&a!'es.

35. Tha& e#!% &he ps#! eve! a"&e, ,es,!% & '+,& a,alp,'ee$#!%s #" #& #s "+!$ #!epe$#e!& & '!!+e 9#&h &he sae #s al9a/s pe! & &he ,esp!$e!& & ,es,& & e#&he, se'! 15 ,14 " &he A,/ A'&.

7. I!$#sp+&al/2 $e"e!'e pe,s!!el "all +!$e, &he 'a&e%,/

9he,e P,es#$e!& has asl+&e pleas+,e & $#s'!!+e &he

se,v#'es. F+,&he, #! +, '!s#$e,e$ p#!#! as "a, as

se'+,#&/ #s '!'e,!e$2 &he sa"e%+a,$ ava#lale & '#v#l

se,va!&s +!$e, A,'le 311 #s !& ava#lale & $e"e!'e

pe,s!!el as *+$#'#al ,ev#e9 #s ve,/ l##&e$. I! 'ases 9he,e

'!!+a!'e " A,/ ""#'e,s #! se,v#'e #s !& p,a''ale

", se'+,#&/ p+,pses a!$ &he,e #s lss " '!"#$e!'e a!$

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p&e!al ,#s> & &he se'+,#&/ #ss+e &he! s+'h ""#'e,s 'a!

e ,eve$ +!$e, &he pleas+,e $'&,#!e. As a a&&e, "

"a'&2 Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'& #s #! '!s!a!'e 9#&h &he

'!s&+!al p9e,s '!"e,,e$ ! &he P,es#$e!&

ep9e,#!% &he P,es#$e!& & &e,#!a&e &he se,v#'es ! &he

as#s " a&e,#al ,+%h& & h#s !'e. I! s+'h 'ases2 &he

A,/ ""#'e,s a,e !& e!&le$ & 'la# a! pp,&+!#&/ "

hea,#!%. I! +, '!s#$e,e$ p#!#! &he pleas+,e $'&,#!e

'a! e #!v>e$ / &he P,es#$e!& a& a!/ s&a%e " e!+#,/ !

e#!% sas"#e$ &ha& '!!+a!'e " a!/ ""#'e, #s !& #! &he

#!&e,es& " a!$ se'+,#&/ " &he S&a&e. I& #s &he,e",e !& a

'a+"la%e as +,%e$ / &he ,esp!$e!&s.

7@. The !e& +es! &ha& a,#ses ", '!s#$e,a! #s as &

9he&he, &he ,$e, " $#s#ssal " &he ea,l#e, 9,#& pe!s

a!$ '!"#,a! " &he sae / &h#s '+,& a+!&s &

D'&,#!e " Me,%e, a!$ pe,a&es as res judicata a%a#!s&

&he p,ese!& appeals. As $#s'+sse$ ave2 &he se,v#'es "

&he p,ese!& ,esp!$e!&s al!% 9#&h &he, pe,a!e!&

'#ss#!e$ ""#'e,s " &he I!$#a! A,/ 9e,e &e,#!a&e$2

s#!'e &he/ 9e,e "+!$ s+spe'&e$ & e #!vlve$ #!

esp#!a%e a'v#es. A%%,#eve$ / &he &e,#!a! ,$e,2

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&he p,ese!& ,esp!$e!&s2 e'ep& Ma*, R.?. M#$ha a!$

Ma*, N.R. A*9a!#2 "#le$ 9,#& pe!s e#!% 0.B.P. Ns.

152 142 -12 - a!$ -@ " 145 e",e &he Delh# H#%h

0+,&. These ,esp!$e!&s 'halle!%e$ &he sa#$ &e,#!a!

,$e, as e#!% #lle%al a!$ malafide. The H#%h 0+,& v#$e

,$e, $a&e$ -1..145 $#s#sse$ &he 9,#& pe!s. The

O,$e, $a&e$ -1..145 ,ea$s as +!$e,:

D#s#ssal ", se,v#'e #s +!$e, Se'! 15 " &heA,/ a'& 9h#'h #s 'pl#e!&a,/ & A,'le 31 "&he 0!s&+!. Th#s ea!s &ha& &he O""#'e, hel$&he &e!+,e $+,#!% &he pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!&. I&has ee! '!&e!$e$ &ha& #& 9as !& #! a'',$a!'e9#&h &he p,v#s#!s " &he A'& a!$ &ha& $+ep,'e$+,e ", $#s#ssal ", #s'!$+'& has !&ee! "ll9e$. The #p+%!e$ ,$e, $es !& sa/9he&he, &he $#s#ssal #s ", #s'!$+'& ,&he,9#se. I& !l/ se&s +& &he pleas+,e $'&,#!e. I!&h#s v#e9 " &he a&&e,2 ! 'ase a$e +& ",#!&e,"e,e!'e. D#s#sse$.

77. Resp!$e!&s &he! p,e"e,,e$ spe'#al leave pe!s a%a#!s&

&he a",esa#$ ,$e, $a&e$ -1..145 e#!% SLP Ns. 6--@

a!$ 6-33 " 145. A &h,eeJ+$%e 8e!'h " &h#s 0+,&

$#s#sse$ &he spe'#al leave pe! / ,$e, $a&e$

1.4.145. I! &he /ea, 145-2 &he sh9 'a+se !'es $a&e$

[email protected] 9e,e #ss+e$ & &he ""#'e,s 9hse se,v#'es 9e,e

&e,#!a&e$ #!",#!% &he &ha& &he#, se,v#'es 9e,e !&

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'!s#$e,e$ sas"a'&,/ / &he Pe!s#!a,/ A+&h,#&/ a!$2

&he,e",e2 9h/ !& @G " &he %,a&+#&/ , pe!s#! e

$e$+'&e$. O! ,e'e#p& " &he sa#$ sh9 'a+se !'es2 e#%h&

" &he ""#'e,s2 9hse se,v#'es 9e,e &e,#!a&e$ #!#a&e$ &he

se'!$ ,+!$ " l#%a! / "#l#!% 9,#& pe!s e#!%

0.B.P Ns. 173177 " 145-2 1666 " 145-2 5 " 145-2

1777 " 145- p,a/#!% !& !l/ & +ash &he sh9 'a+se

!'es2 +& als & +ash &he ,$e, " &e,#!a! " &he#,

se,v#'es. All &hse 9,#& pe!s 9e,e "#!all/ hea,$ a!$

'ae & e $#s#sse$ / &he Delh# H#%h 0+,& v#$e

*+$%e!& $a&e$ --.3.145@. A%%,#eve$ / &he sa#$ ,$e,2

&he ,esp!$e!&s "#le$ Le&&e,s Pa&e!& Appeal e",e &he Delh#

H#%h 0+,&. The D#v#s#! 8e!'h " &he H#%h 0+,& a"&e,

hea,#!% &he appeal ",+la&e$ +es!s " la9 a!$

,e"e,,e$ &he sae & &he F+ll 8e!'h / ,$e, $a&e$

1@[email protected]. The +es! " la9 ",ae$ / &he D#v#s#!

8e!'h 9as 9he&he, &he ,$e, " &e,#!a! passe$ / a!$

#! &he !ae " P,es#$e!& +!$e, Se'! 15 " &he A,/ A'&

,ea$ 9#&h A,'le 31 " &he 0!s&+! #!v>#!% $'&,#!e

" pleas+,e " &he P,es#$e!& e 'halle!%e$ ! &he %,+!$

&ha& #& #s 'a+"la%e a!$ as s+'h #s v#lave " p,#!'#ples

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" !a&+,al *+s'e a!$ &he "+!$ae!&al ,#%h&s %+a,a!&ee$

+!$e, A,'le 1 " &he 0!s&+!.

76. F, &he ave2 #& #s 'lea, &ha& &he U!#! " I!$#a has ee!

'!s#s&e!&l/ '!&es!% &hese pe!s a!$ &h#s 0+,& has

"+!$ s+s&a!'e #! &he a,%+e!& " &he appella!&s &ha& &he

H#%h 0+,& 9h#le $el#ve,#!% &he *+$%e!& $a&e$ -1.1-.-

ve,l>e$ &h#s #p,&a!& le%al aspe'& " "#!al#&/ '+ple$

9#&h &he $'&,#!e o f res judicata. I! +, '!s#$e,e$ p#!#!2

&h#s aspe'& 'a!!& e #%!,e$ a!$ &he #ss+e " "a'& 'a!!&

e ,epe!e$ #! &he #!s&a!& 'ase as 9ell as has ee! $!e

+!$e, &he #p+%!e$ *+$%e!& / ,el/#!% ! 'e,&a#!

a&e,#al 9h#'h &he H#%h 0+,& $es',#e$ & have ee!

",a+$+le!&l/ 9#&hhel$ ", &he '+,&s. I! +, p#!#!2

",a+$ #s !& a &e, , ,!ae!& !, 'a! #& e p,es+e$ &

e#s& ! &he as#s " a e,e #!"e,e!'e ! se alle%e$

a&e,#al &ha& #s s&a&e$ & have ee! $#s've,e$ la&e, !.

The $#s've,/ " a ,e#!ves%a&e$ "a'& '+l$ have ee! a

%,+!$ " ,ev#e9 #! &he sae p,'ee$#!%s2 +& &he sae

'a!!& e #! +, p#!#! a$e &he as#s ", ,epe!#!% &he

#ss+e &h,+%h a ",esh ,+!$ " l#%a!. A ",esh 9,#&

pe! , Le&&e,s Pa&e!& Appeal 9h#'h #s #!

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59/72

'!!+a! " a 9,#& pe! 'a!!& e "#le$

'lla&e,all/ & se& as#$e &he *+$%e!& " &he sae H#%h

0+,& ,e!$e,e$ #! ea,l#e, ,+!$ " l#%a! +phl$#!% &he

&e,#!a! ,$e,. I! +, v#e92 &he H#%h 0+,& has

'#&&e$ a a!#"es& e,,, / !& la9"+ll/ $e"#!#!% &he

s'pe " &he ",esh ,+!$ " l#%a! ! &he p,#!'#ples "

res judicataa!$ $'&,#!e " "#!al#&/. T es&al#sh ",a+$2 #& #s

&he a&e,#al ava#lale 9h#'h a/ lea$ & &he '!'l+s#!

&ha& &he "a#l+,e & p,$+'e &he a&e,#al 9as $el#e,a&e ,

s+pp,esse$ , eve! &he,9#se ''as#!e$ a "a#l+,e "

*+s'e. Th#s als2 'a! e a&&ep&e$ #" le%all/ pe,#ss#le

!l/ #! &he sa#$ p,'ee$#!%s a!$ !& #! a 'lla&e,al

'halle!%e ,a#se$ a"&e, &he a&&e, has ee! "#!all/ $e'#$e$

#! &he "#,s& ,+!$ " l#%a!. I& #s & e !'e$ &ha& &he

*+$%e!& 9h#'h ha$ e'e "#!al #! 145 als #!'l+$e$

9,#& pe! !.15 " 145 "#le$ / &he ,esp!$e!& S.P.

Sha,a. O!'e2 &h#s 0+,& ha$ p+& a seal & &he sa#$

l#%a! v#$e *+$%e!& $a&e$ 1.4.145 &he! a se'!$

,+!$ " l#%a! / &he sae ,esp!$e!&s #!'l+$#!% S.P.

Sha,a #! 9,#& pe! !. 173 " 145- 9as #spla'e$.

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75. The ve,/ %e!es#s " a! #$e!'al 'halle!%e ,ela!% & &he

sae p,'ee$#!%s " &e,#!a! ! &he p,e&e& " a @G '+&

#! &e,#!al e!e"#&s 9as #pe,#ss#le apa,& ", &he

a&&,a'! " &he p,#!'#ple " e,%e,. Th#s aspe'& " "#!al#&/2

&he,e",e2 'a!!& e $#s&+,e$ &h,+%h a 'lla&e,al

'halle!%e.

74. I! !aresh #hridhar iraj*ar vs. #tate of

aharashtra % /nr. AIR 1476 S0 12 &h#s 0+,& / a

a*,#&/ $e'#s#! la#$ $9! &he la9 &ha& 9he! a J+$%e

$eals 9#&h &he a&&e, ,+%h& e",e h# ", h#s

a$*+$#'a!2 he "#,s& $e'#$es &he +es!s " "a'& ! 9h#'h

&he pa,es a,e a& #ss+e2 a!$ &he! appl#es &he ,eleva!& la9

& &he sa#$ "a'&s. Bhe&he, &he "#!$#!%s " "a'& ,e',$e$ /

&he J+$%e a,e ,#%h& , 9,!%2 a!$ 9he&he, &he '!'l+s#!

" la9 $,a9! / h# s+""e,s ", a!/ #!"#,#&/2 'a! e

'!s#$e,e$ a!$ $e'#$e$ #" &he pa,&/ a%%,#eve$ / &he

$e'#s#! " &he J+$%e &a>es +p &he a&&e, e",e &he

appella&e '+,&.

6. A $e'#s#! ,e!$e,e$ / a 'pe&e!& '+,& 'a!!& e

'halle!%e$ #! 'lla&e,al p,'ee$#!%s ", &he ,eas! &ha& #" #&

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61/72

#s pe,#&&e$ & $ s &he,e 9+l$ e '!"+s#! a!$ 'has

a!$ &he "#!al#&/ " p,'ee$#!%s 9+l$ 'ease & have a!/

ea!#!%.

61. I! &he 'ase " ohd. /slam vs. $nion of India2 AIR 1447 S0

17112 a 9,#& pe! +!$e, A,'le 3- " &he 0!s&+! 9as

"#le$ see>#!% ,e'!s#$e,a! " &he *+$%e!& ,e!$e,e$ / &h#s

0+,& ! &he %,+!$ &ha& &he sa#$ *+$%e!& #s #!',,e'&.

Re*e'!% &he p,a/e,2 &h#s 0+,& hel$ &ha& A,'le 3- " &he

0!s&+! #s !& ava#lale & assa#l &he ',,e'&!ess " &he

$e'#s#! ! e,#& , & 'la# #&s ,e'!s#$e,a!.

6-. I! &he 'ase " abu #ingh ains etc. versus $nion of India

and others etc.,AIR 1446 S0 1172 &h#s 0+,& ,e#&e,a&e$ &he

se&&le$ p,#!'#pal " la9 &ha& !'e a! ,$e, passe$ ! e,#& /

&h#s 0+,& ee,'#s#!% &he p9e, +!$e, A,'le 137 " &he

0!s&+! has e'e "#!al ! 9,#& pe! +!$e, A,'le 3- "

&he 0!s&+! ! &he sel"sae #ss+e #s a#!&a#!ale. The

p,#!'#ple " '!s&,+'ve res judicata s&a!$s "as& #! h#s 9a/ #!

h#s 9a/ & ,a#se &he sae '!&e!! !'e ve,.

63. I! 0hoday )istilleries 2imited % /nr. vs. The (egistrar

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1eneral, #upreme Court of India, (1447) 3 S00 112 &h#s

0+,& ,e#&e,a&e$ &he v#e9 as +!$e,:

I! a 'ase l#>e &he p,ese!&2 9he,e #! s+s&a!'e&he 'halle!%e #s & &he ',,e'&!ess " a $e'#s#!! e,#&s a"&e, #& has e'e "#!al2 &he,e 'a! e! +es! " #!v>#!% A,'le 3-" &he0!s&+! & 'la# ,e'!s#$e,a! " &he$e'#s#! ! &he as#s " #&s e""e'& #! a'',$a!'e9#&h la9. F,e+e!& ,es,& & &he $e'#s#! #!A!&+la/ (AIR 1455 S0 1@31) #! s+'h s#&+a!s #s9hll/ #s'!'e#ve$ a!$ #pels +s & ephas#s&h#s "a'&.

6. I! . !agabhushana vs. #tate of 0arnata*a % &rs.,

AIR -11 S0 11132 &h#s 0+,& hel$ &ha& $'&,#!e "

res-judicata9as !& a &e'h!#'al $'&,#!e +& a "+!$ae!&al

p,#!'#ple 9h#'h s+s&a#!s &he ,+le " la9 #! e!s+,#!% "#!al#&/

#! l#%a!. The a#! *e'& " &he $'&,#!e #s & p,&e a

"a#, a$#!#s&,a! " *+s'e a!$ & p,eve!& a+se "

p,'ess " &he '+,& ! &h

sc samba espionage case

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