scales of importance from global to micro
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Scales of importance from global to micro. Temporal Scales vary. Global currents. mesoscale. microscale. What do we need to know about the basic characteristics of sea water?. Important phenomena: Dissolves many compounds Heats and cools more slowly than land masses - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Scales of importance from global to micro
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Temporal Scales vary
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Global currents
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mesoscale
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microscale
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What do we need to know about the basic characteristics of sea water?
• Important phenomena:
• Dissolves many compounds
• Heats and cools more slowly than land masses
• Remains liquid over a large range of temp’s
• Flows in coherent bodies
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Mechanisms for characteristics• Polarity of the water molecule
• Dissociation to H+ and OH-
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Universal Solvent
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“Salinity”
• 3.5% of seawater is dissolved substances– Chloride & Sodium (85.65% of d.s.)– Magnesium & Sulfate (11.37% of d.s.)– Calcium & Potassium (2.26 of d.s.)– Other important, but rarer, components
• bicarbonate, bromide, boric acid, iron, strontium
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“Saline” or “Haline”?
• PSU (practical salinity units)– Parts per thousand– 3.5% equals 35 psu –
• But accurate measurements use conductivity relative to a standard
• Why is ‘salty’ inland water different than seawater?
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High Molecular Cohesion
High Viscosity, High Surface Tension
Consequences to Organisms?
consider small scale to large scale
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coherence of water of similar temperature
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High “Heat capacity”
• Combination of slower evaporation at high temperatures, and large amount of heat gained when changing from solid to liquid
• Sea water changes temperature slowly
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Temperature & salinity affect water density
• Highest density of ocean water = -1.9 C– (pure water highest density is 4 C, so ice floats)
• Very cold ocean water sinks– promotes circulation between surface and
depths– most ocean is open water at surface (important
for gas exchange)
• Ocean ice floats (why?)
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Density + Coherence at small scale =
• segregation of water bodies at large scale