scanmin factory johannesburg rsa€¦ · lethabo- 2 conveyors before terrace bins komati- 2 stock...
TRANSCRIPT
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Scanmin Factory – Johannesburg RSA
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SMASH –Scanmin’s new digital analyser
Elemental analyser –
Sulfur, moisture, ash,
CV, etc….
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SCANMIN AFRICA’S CLIENTS
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Client Factory Visit
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SCANMIN in Coal RSA
Kendal – 2 incline analyser before terrace binsHendrina- 2 staithes inclineLethabo- 2 conveyors before terrace BinsKomati- 2 stock yard conveyors and 2 incline conveyors.Kusilie- 1 Train loading facility and 2 incline conveyor before terrace bins.Majuba- 2 incline conveyors before terrace bins and on receiving Sept 18Medupi- 1 SMASH incoming conveyor – Oct 18Total 18 Analysers
Impunzi – Density control on final product belt- CV 1 AnalyserTweefontein- Density control on High and low grade product belts and train load out. 3 AnalysersPhola Coal – Middling's 1 analyser
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Thermal CoalPower Station Installation-Ash, CV, S, C,
H,N,O, Volatile and all ash elements
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New Digital SMASH in Coal
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Coal Washing Plant
Installation
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SMASH Technology- Visual
representation of TNC and NIS-
Interacts with both organic and
inorganic matter in Coal or Coke
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SMASH TECHNOLOGY
Gammas are captured by Scintillation detectors
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New Generation Digital Detector • Digital MCA
• Not affected by temperature
• Computer controlled spectra
• SMASH – Double Layer of detectors
• Digital electronics SMASH
• Cloud based data acquisition
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ELEMENTAL ANALYSERSpectrum
▪Incoming Neutron → Outgoing Gamma
▪Energy of Gamma (x axis) → Which Element
▪No of Gammas (y axis) → Quantity of Element
ROI
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Elements accessible – qualitative estimate
Sensitivity
Red – good
Blue –average
Black - poor
NIS &TNC TNC
H H
C C
N N
O O
Na Na
Mg Mg
Al Al
Fe Fe
Si Si
P P
S S
Cl Cl
K K
Ti Ti
Mn Mn
Ca Ca
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Methods of Neutron Generation
Analyser Neutron energy
source
Reaction Manufacturer
PGNAA Cf 252 TNC Scantech
Thermo
RTI
SMASH
Technology
Am241Be NIS & TNC Scanmin
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Comparison (1) of Analysers : Radiation issues
1. PGNAA
(TNC only)
2. SMASH
(TNC&NIS)
Radiation source Isotope (Cf-252) Isotope (Am-Be)
Source Energy 2MeV (mean) 4.5Mev (mean)
Neutron flux 1.2×108 n/s 2 ×107 n/s
“Lifetime” 2.5 years (isotope) 432 years
(RWL ~15 years)
Replacement Radiation Source
Supply
Very Limited Not an issue
shielding medium Medium -low
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Comparison (2) of
different Analysers
1. PGNAA
(TNC ONLY)
2. NITA
(TNC&NIS)
Spectral
complexity
High Moderate
Thickness and
segregation
compensation
Moderate good
Range of
accessible
elements
Narrow Wide
Running Cost High Low
Capital cost “Standard” SMASH very well priced.
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Comparison of different Analysers
1. PGNAA
(TNC only)
2. SMASH
(TNC&NIS)
Transmission of
gamma
Through Through and back
scatter- SuperSMASH
Backscatter SMASH
Relevance of
Higher energy
neutrons
Limited elements Good – more elements
measured over more
parameters
Engineering
design
Graphite
moderators and
close to material
No Moderators and
roof 400 mm above
material
Detector
Geometry
Top only Top and bottom-
SMASH
Elements Inorganic and H All – Organic and
inorganic
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Calculated Spatial Response
➢ 4.44MeV Carbon NIS gamma-rays
➢ 200thick x 600 mm wide coal
Area preferentially
“seen” by
analysis
Gamma-ray
detector
Neutron
source
Gamma-ray
detector
Neutron
source
Gamma-ray
detector
Neutron
source
Sample
Gamma-ray
detector
Neutron
source
Gamma-ray
detector
Neutron
source
Gamma-ray
detector
Areas preferentially
“seen” by analysis
Gamma-ray
detector
Neutron
source
Sample
Gamma-ray
detector
Approach to compensation for Segregation - examples
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91
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Operational Comparison
1. PGNAA
(TNC only)
2. SMASH
(TNC&NIS)
Calibration Dynamic and laborious
Factory calibrated and modelled to national coal chemistry- see calibration model
On Going Calibration
Intensive Required verification – 6 monthly- Monthly report issued
Support Foreign and expensive
Local
SLA Foreign 2 services Per annum with remote support
Radiation safety Conforms Way below local requirements
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Operational detector Comparison
1. PGNAA
(TNC only)
2. SMASH
(TNC&NIS)
Detector used NaI or BGO NaI or CeBr
Pulse Pile UP NaI – Yes on
Analogue
BGO – No
CeBr- No pile up no cooling
NaI with SMA digital – No
Pulse pile up.
Detector maintenance PMT yes PMT - Yes
Temperature control NaI- No
BGO – Yes
CeBr- No
NaI – No
Radiation safety Conforms Way below local requirements
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PGNAA Impact of Belt LoadingAll PGNAA analysers have through transmission detectors.
As the mass increases so the gamma rays are attenuated and counts are affected
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Co
un
ts
Channel No.
Transmission
High Belt Loading
Low Belt Loading
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Impact of Belt LoadingThe SMASH Backscatter detectors is not affected by varying belt loading All analysers are impacted by very low tonnages.
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Co
un
ts
Channel No.
Backscatter
High Belt Loading
Low Belt Loading
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Core Science Comparison- Ash
• PGNAA captures spectral counts for most inorganic elements. These counts are totalled and regressed against an ash value. i.e. Fe, Al, Si etc.
• SMASH captures spectral counts for most inorganic elements. Ash is calculated from direct measurements – same as PGNAA
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Nita II Core Science Comparison - CV
• PGNAA uses the ash to determine the CV value by correlation. Most cases correlations are generally good but is susceptible to a margin of error and mass variations
• SMASH will supply 2 Cv’s- Measured and derived. Smash measures Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and sulphur all directly. CV is calculated using first scientific principals for the determination of CV. This is calculated independent of ASH.
• A derived CV to ash is also supplied.
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SMASH Derived CV
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SMASH-Measured CV
Nita Measured CV
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SMASH Core Science Comparison-Carbon/ Fixed carbon
• PGNAA analysers report fixed carbon on a direct correlation to Ash/ CV
• SMASH measures carbon directly. Fixed Carbon is a calculated value to lab results.
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SMASH Core Science Comparison- Volatiles
• PGNAA analysers report volatile matter by difference e.g. Volatile matter = DB(100%-Ash – Fixed carbon)- What about inherent moisture???
• SMASH measures volatiles directly from carbon, carbon background, sulphur and hydrogen.
SMASH is not reliant on any empirical calculation.
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SMASH Core Science Comparison-Oxygen and Moisture
• Most PGNAA analysers can only measure free moisture by using outdated microwave technology.
• SMASH measures Oxygen and Total moisture.
Fact- SMASH can differentiate between Total O, O in moisture, O in oxides and organic oxygen. Smash also measures H
Combined with a microwave moisture monitor SMASH will supply Total. Inherent and free moistures.
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SMASH Core Science Comparison-Oxygen and Moisture
• SMASH is not coal type dependent and can work on a variety of coals and blends.
Proven on Kendal and Eskom coal
- 7 to 8 primary suppliers with multiple blends.
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SMASH Core Science Comparison-radiation and Isotope
• PGNAA uses Cf252 which has a half life of 2.5 years. Expensive to run and makes calibration maintenance intensive.
• Nita II uses and AmBe 241 and has a half life of 432 years and never has to be topped up.
• This makes SMASH calibrations very robust.
• The Am241Be source can be returned t the OEM at the end of the analyser lifecycle – 20-25 years
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Smash and Moisture
• Smash measures H and O directly.
• Smash can supply a Total moisture
• Smash can supply and Inherent Moisture
• Smash can derive surface moisture
• No need for microwave moisture analyser.
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Typical Dynamic Performance
• Ash 0.3-0.5
• CV 0.3 -0.5
• Volatile 0.6-0.7
• Moisture 0.4-0.5
• Sulfur 0.02-0.03
• Range dependent and reference
must be able to better than.
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COAL- GUI
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New Generation SMASH, Modular and easy to install
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Digital Electronics
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Digital Electronics
• Computer Temperature controlled
• Analog signal converted to digital at the source
• Easily set-up or adjusted
• Improved pile-up rejection
Digital MCA
• External Temperature control no longer required
CeBr3 or NaI Detector
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Digital Cloud Services
INTERNET
Client SCADA andProcess control
Management Reports
Analyser
Factory
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Logistics
Delivery ex works 12- 16 weeks Source lead time – 16 weeks from order
Product support-
Remote – Scanmin
On site – Schmersal India
Thank You – Questions?