scenario of shale gas exploration in india
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Salient aspects of shale gas
Probable Shale Gas exploration in India
Summary
Presentation Outline
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Unconventional natural gas produced fromshale
Shale acts as source, reservoir & cap rock for
the natural gas
Characterized by very less permeability &
moderate porosity
Lower uncertainty in resource/reserve
determination
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Mature petroleum source rocks
Usually thermogenic
Very good natural gas in-place volumes
Rich in Organic Matter (TOC=0.5-25%)
Low in Permeability (K= 0.01md or less).
Shale intervals with HGHR - high organic carbon content-
most productive.
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In a typical Shale Gas well, 7-10 stages of Hydrofrac are required & 3-5 lacs
gallons of water are required for 1 stage of Hydrofracturing
An example of an ideal shale gas frac job at site
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Increasing oil/gas price
Declining conventional oil/gas reserves
necessitate unconventional reserves
supplementation to meet demand- supply gap
Big discoveries of shale gas in the United
States in Barnet & Marcellus shales, Ohio,
Fayetteville, Antrim, New Albany, Lewis andWoodford shales and in Horn River & Montney
Shales in Canada in the last 1 or 2 decade (s)
Large untapped resource of Shale Gas
available
Earlier shale gas wells drilled vertical and non-profitable due to very less permeability &
producibility
Introduction of improved modern technologies
viz. Horizontal Drilling & Hydro Fracture
Texas Barnett shale gas production
(1993 - 2006)
Courtesy: Ravi Misra, ONGC
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ONGC created an exploration landmark when gasflowed out from the Barren Measure shale at a depthof around 1,700 metres, in its first R&D well, RNSG-1,near Durgapur at Icchapur, West Bengal,
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The R&D project, which involved drilling of four wellsin the Damodar Basin two wells in the Raniganjsub-basin in West Bengal and two wells in the NorthKaranpura sub-basin in Jharkhand, was
operationalised with the help of Schlumberger.
The estimated expenditure is about Rs 168 crore andthe total project is expected to be completed within
520 days,
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India's 1st ever shale gas exploration bidding by 2013-end, says PM
[Courtesy -The Economic Times,3 days ago]
In November 2010, a Memorandum of Understandingwas signed between India and the US government onShale gas resources while US president visited India.
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Huge shale deposits in basins of Gondwana, Cambay, Assam-Arakan, KG, Cauvery, Rajasthan:
Damodar valley
- Barren Measures Formation (TOC 6 to 11.0%) in the Gondwana basins.
Cambay shales - (TOC ~ 14.3%) in Gujarat.
KG Basin
- Bhuvanagiri Formation ((TOC ~ 3-5% & permeability ~ 0.033mD)
& Raghavpuram shales (TOC ~ 3-5%)
Cauvery Basins
- Mandapeta (K=0.01mD, TOC ~ 12.8%), Andimadam & Sattapadi
shales (TOC ~ 3-8%).
In Rajasthan (TOC up to 4.99% in Baisakhi-Bhadasar Formation, Jaisalmer basin).
in Assam-Arakan Basin
Disang, Kopili, Disang & Barail Coal Shale in Assam
Bokabil & Bhuban Shales in Tripura Source: Web
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The Gondwana sediments are more matured & occur at shallower depth
The Barren Measure has organic rich shales having TOC = 8-10%, VRo= 0.8, Tmax=High, Kerogen Grade-III
Cluster Analysis or Tight Rock Analysis (TRA)-high organic rich silty shale band of 150-200m in Barren Measure as against a 100-120ft & 170ft of similar kind of organic richbands in Barnet Shale & Marcellus Shales respectively.
Geochemical data : Barren Measure Shale section of Damodar Valley - bottom 200mabove Barakar as most matured, organic rich & may be gas prone).
Source: Web
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Due to shallower occurrence of Shales Hydrofrac jobs or horizontal wells would also
be easier & cheaper hence techno-economically more viable.Availability of large amount of water for HF in this part is much easier as discharged
water from mines, CBM wells & other huge water bodies are available in plenty.
There is scope of recycling the released frac water for reuse in other wells after a little
chemical treatment, as development/production wells are drilled at a space of 10acres.
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The OCS in Cambay Basin : organic rich dark grey
shales : TOC = 0.7-14.25%, VRo= 0.8, Tmax= High(437-453C), Kerogen Grade-II & III: Matured shalewith maximum source potential
Availability of abundant source rock data & other data
Maximum availability of Infra structure facilities
More than 5000 wells drilled - 200 wells throughCambay Shales
Prospectivity may be better than many famous gas richglobal shales
1 or 2 operators already reported gas production fromCambay Shale .
Various lows from NW to SE & North to South of thebasin appear to offer Different type of plays
Source: Web
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Source rock HC potential is generated in Gondwana,
Mesozoic & Tertiary Sediments.
Maturity data of effective source rocks indicate right
kind of Geochemical data for Shale Gas Resource
Assessment.Data of TOC, VRo, S1, S2 peaks, HI, OI, Tmax etc
from a few selective wells of KG Basin prove that HCG
values from Shales give a good indication of Shale Gas
potentiality in Mesozoic shales.
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Technology Transfer, know how & adoption of best practices from
successful projects worldwide
Globally experienced player with modern improved technologies
such as
- drilling horizontal wells
- introduction of modern rigs
- hydro fracturing
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Shale Gas exploration has taken off in India
Technology for resource characterization,
prospect generation, fracture identification,
water management are to be generated by R& D with help of experts
Horizontal drilling and well completion
technologies, including multi stage hydraulic
fracturing
Identification and development of shale gas
resources
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Mapping of prospective Shale of Indian sedimentary basins.
Collect ion of core samples from drilled wells or through drilling of selective coreholes into suchshales to generate the following data:
Lithology : Data on shale lithology, mineralogy, clay content, thickness.
Extent: Extension of high gamma ray zones and intercalations of sandstones or siltstones.
Rock property data (porosity, permeability, density).
Rock Eval / Pyrolysis data to identify the type and maturity of organic matter and to detecthydrocarbon potential in sediments.
Thermal Maturity data - vitrinite reflection data, Tmax, S1, S2 peaks.
Gas Content data Reservoir Characterization
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Type and amount of Organic Matter: Data on shale TOC (total organic carbon), HI andOI data from Rock-Eval/Pyrolysis, Kerogen type.
Recording, Analysis & Interpretation of different log data.
Developing data base, building geologic models & assessment of resource potential ofbasins, also assessing the recoverable resources in shale gas.
Prospect Generation & assessment of its techno-economic viability.
Identification of potential Shale Gas block based on above methodology.
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