PaccnrorpenoHa fle.Ilarofr{qecKoM coBeTenpororol }lbor ?o, gt 2017r.

Vqrarenr 6r,ronomu

Auaenrco I4.H.

Pa6o.ras rporpauMa rro 6uo.rfornn

ro rporpaMMe ocHoBHOrO Oolllero o@pasonannr

(cenrefinoe o6pa3oBaune )

2017-2018 fre6nrfr ro.q

floqcHlrreJrbHafl 3arrrrcKa

Ile.nn rr 3aAarr[ 6uo"uoruqecKoro o6pasonanrrfl.I]enr mo6oro o6rqeo6pznoBareJrbHoro Kypca cocrolrr B ToM, rrrorSbr

cQopnrlrpoBarb y ytlalrlI4xc.fi MLIHnMyM 3HaHLtfi e rofi ulu u:aoit o6lacrz Ha'yKtr aHayqLITb ux uctIo[b3oBaTb B )I{I43HI4.

B Hacro.f,Irlee BpeMrI IxKoJIe [pe.4btBneHbr HoBbre rpe6onanur, B rrr4cJre

Koropbr.x [pocJlenelBaerct IroHHMaHne <<o6pasoBaHufl, r<arc SyHxrILrr4 KynbrlFpE,r>,Kor.qa cMbIcJIoM vI IIenbIo IlrKonbHofo o6pa:onatrux craHoBt4Tcf, Jrr4qrHocrbyr{eHvKa. B erofi cBfl3u HarlpaBneHHc,crb o6lllecrna Ha ryMaHLr3arlurrc 14

gKoJroru3allzrc 3uauuit, ornourenufi v r[oBerenz r rreJroBeKa flBurracb HoBLIMopLIeHTI{poM B onpeAeneHLII4 IIeJrefi o6ulroro o6pasoeanufl, 14 npuo6pena B eror

-rrepr4oA ocooyro aKTy€rJrbHocrb.

B 4oryrr,reHTax o IxKoJIe noAqepKlrBaercfl, rrro B rrrKoJrbHoru o6pa":clBaH)nu Ha

coBpeMeHHoM graue freHLIK IrocraBJIeH B rIeHTp yue6noro npoqecca. IJsuuanueaKIIeHTlLlpyeTCs, HA pA3B]yITkrVr yrIeHI{Ka, QOpUUpOBAIH]/IIVT efo MOrr4BarIr4CrHsOfi

cQepu, caMocrotreJlbHoro crvrlrg, MbIIrIJIeHI4s. Sror coquarrbHrrfi sara3 rlKo.[e,TaKxe )/qplTblBarorqufi 6onblrrue AocrLDKeHus 6uotoru.recrofi HayKr4 t4 r43Merrenr4f,

B oKFryx{aloueM MI4pe, npeAbrBJr{el K rxKoJrbHoMy 6uororz.recKoMyo6paroral14l9 Tpg6gea5g.,,.9p,oJM1lpqt?,,f1 v n9AP,?cTaloule,fo roKoJIeHI4t6zororuqecKyro rpaMorHocrb.

[crcrzxenux ivtolorlarlecKofi, uayxu cBrrAereJrbcrByror o roM, e.ro oHa B

Hacrosrrlee BpeMiI cTaHoBLTTcs nI4AepoM B ecTecTBo3HaHVvr vr 3aHvrMaer KJrroqeBbre

no3r4rlLlrr B MeAarIuHe, 3ApaBooxpaHeHzrvr, rtrrr4eHe, oxpaHe oKpyx(auqefi c:pe,qa,

o6ecueqe HVu HaceJIeHrIt [poAyKTaM 14 rrvr aHlzs., JreKapcrBeHHbrMlr [peilaparal{r4.Brz4y gToro 6uororu.recKar rpaMorHocrE, craHoBnrcfl, coqlr€rJrbHo neo6xoAurraofi.floerouy n$oJrFHarr Qpqnorul,,FRS.qa5Hgg,-s,penp q qfl++e+t KyrrbType r4 cr{oreMeo6pasonaHna rpLr3BaHa c$opvrupoBalb y rroApacrarcrrlero rloKoJreHr4t

oKororr{rrecKyro KyJrbrypy, ryMaHr4crvqecKr{fi egrnsA Ha rrpr4poqy v o6rqecrno,oco3Harrue cnoefi ponu rar AeficrBeHHoro ,fiarropa 6noc$epu.

C yqeroM HoBbrx [puoplrreroB nepeA rrrKoJrbHbrM 6uororu.{ecKr{M

pa3Bvrr4u opraHI43MoB

9KOCI4C:teMaX;

o6pasonaHr4eM craB.arc.f, 3ag.a'ev o6yrenz.r :

. oBJraAeHue 3HaHvrflMU o xuaofi npupoAe, o6rqvuz MeroAaMr4 ee r43yqeHufl,

yre6nrtuu yMelauflvtvr;o QopnazpoBaHr{e cr{creMbr gnaHuft oO ocHoBax }KLI3HLI, pa3MHOXeH;.r4r4 14

ocHoBHbIX IIallcTB )KLIBOI4 [pl{poAbI, 9BOJIIiOqI{U,

o6pasa :xv3Hvr, cuoco6crByroqero coxparFleHIaIo QusutlecKoro I4 HpaBcrBel{Horo

3AOpOBbq qenoBeKa;

o QopvrupoBaHr4e gKoJrorl{qecrofi

6nororuqecKlae 3aKoHoMepHocrI,I, cB.n3I4

o fr,rfr4eHr{qecKoe 14 SKoJrorl4qecKoe r}oc[LrraHne, Qopvtl4poBaHl4e 3AopoBofo

rpaMorHocrlr ruo,4efi, 3HarongxMexAy XI4BbIMI{ OpraHI'I3MaMII, VX

gBoJrro r{riro, [pI{rII4HbI BI,IAoBoro p zt3H oo6p as ur ;

'l 1 rr\l lIii

o ycraHoBJreHl4e fapMoHI{qHbIX orHorneHrrfi c npLrpoAofi, o6rqecrBoM, oaMardco6ofi, co BceM xlrBbrM;

. pa3BLITLIe JIUqHOCTLI yqalquxcf,, CTpeMJreHr{e K rlpr{MeFIeHUFO6zonorzqecKLlx gHanzfi Ha npaKTLrKe, yqacrlrro B rpy4onofi AerreJrbHoorr4 B

o6tacrw, MeATIIITIHII, ceJlbcKoro xo3.f,ficrBa, 6uotexnoJroruu, pauuoHanrbHsronpvpo.n;oloJrb3oBaHufl Lt oxpaHbr npupoAhr.

OcHonnue rrAe[ u oco6euHocrn Kypca 6no.norun n 8 KJracce.Clpyrrypa Kypca cKJIaAbIBaercr r43 Tpex .racrefi. B nepnofi pacKpbrrlae,lcrr

6zocoqzalbHas. npupoAa qeJIoBeKa, o[pe,Aerflercfl, Mecro qeroBeKa B rrpnpo,[e,Aaercs, ronorpaQlEa opraHoB, pacKpblBaorct npeAMer kr MeroAbr aHaroMrrzt,

Qzsuolorlul Lr rvrveHbl, lpoBoAprrcr 3HaKoMcrBo c pa3HoyponnenorfiopraHld3a\nefi opraHI43Ma, paccMarpr4Barorcr KJreroqHoe crpoeHze, TKarHra tn

rloBrop.f,ercq Marepuat T KJracca o HepBHo-ryMop€ilrnofi perynrquu opraHos. .B,rnropofi qacru Aaercfl o6sop ocHoBHbrx crdcreM opraHoB, BBoArrc.f, cneAeHu-s o{5

o6uene BeIrIecrB, uepnHofi 14 gHAoKpuHHofi cr{creMax Lr ux cBfl3r4, a:aanu3aropilx,noBeAelHLII4 vr [cuxI,IKe. B rperrefi, eanepruarorqefi qacrr4 paccMarpr4Biilot'crrLTHAT4BU;Ay€trrsHoe pA3BUTIjI9 qeJrOBeKa, HaCJreICTBeHHhre Lr

KaqecrBa JrLrarHocrlri reriuepartadiii, iaparr:p, cricico6no'iiid'i,i ap.

npr4oopeTeHHbre

B nporparraMe npeAycMorpeHbr ra6oparopHbre u [paKTr4rrecKpre pa6orr,r. 11o

XeJIaHI'I.IO yql4Ten.f, rIaCTb I{X MOXeT ObITb BbIIIOJIHeHa B KJIaCCe, qacTb 3aAaHa Hia

4ou (n KJracce rpoBepsrcTcfl, u rlHTepuperlrpyrorcf, nonyqeHHbre pe3ynrtaru.).Cpe4ra [paKTl4qecKux pa6or 6ortrnoe BrrLrMaHHe yAenrerca QyHrqr4oH&nrbHrJr,rlnpooaM, [o3BoJItIoilILIM KaxAoMy rxKc,JrbHLrKy orleHr,rrb cBor4 Qu:uur:cxneBo3M.oI(H,a95u r-IyrgM ,,,9P3BHeHTS,,,rr:Ib,,IX Pg:Illr,afrgB ,

c TgpyarPIrtbII\II4r'Brffo.reHrr raK)Ke rpeHl,tpoBorrHbre 3a.AaHr4fl., cnoCo6crByroque pa3Blrrur{)Ha6nroA are JrbHo crkt, BHLrMaHkr fl., rravrflTn, no o6pax eHufl..

OcuonHue lrAe[ lr oco6enHocrrr Kypca 6uororuu s 9 KJracce.ll3iyr{eHue Kypca <<Ocnosbl o6utefi 6zrororuu) rpoBoAkrrcs. B TeqeHHe o4Hcrr(l

yve6uoro roAa n 9 ruacce. 3ro o6ycnonneHo reM, qro Arr Aocrr4xeHz.s 6a3onc,rrlypoBHr 6raororu.recKoro o6pasonauur Heo6xoAt4Mo Ao6urrcs oltpeAene:usoii3aBeprreFHggr4 :garrg{,,96 yc,.{.ro.Br.rf,x.,:{4,9H}1,,, g ,p3gT{gg6pazuu 6uocucre:vi,3aKoHoMepHocrrx xzeofi npllpoAbr vr e 3aBLIcLIMocrtx B ee [poqecoax vf,BJreHuirrx. Xors B coAep)r(anvre Kypca BK.rrrotreHbr ocHoBbr pa3nlrqHbrx o6lacreii6uolorwu, ero orJrr{qaer rleJrocrHocrb, rlocKonbKy rraenofi IaAeefi tBJtf,elcra

BbrAeneHr4e 3aKoHoMepHocrefi ucropvtqecr(oro pa3Br4Tr4s. v pzt3Hooipazns, )r(H3Hr{

Ha 3eule, B3ardMo3aszculvrocrefi orLrx ssrenLria v ponl4 Lrx B K]nrbr]preIIEJIOBCI{CCTBA.

Colep)KaHr4e [porpaMMbr orpoKaer cocrorHr4e HayKr u ee BKJTaA B peurenl4e

coBpeMeHnux upo6neu o6ulecrBa.Y.rurrteas, rrro npo6reua gKonorrlqecKoro o6pa:onauut rtpuo6pena B HaIrIriI

AHLL [epBOCTeleHHOe 3HaqeHr4e, B [porpaMMe AaHHofo Kypca cyu{ecrBeHr]:oe

Mecro 3aHI{Maer reMa <<Octtonrr 3KoJrorr'rnD. 3KoJlofirqecrnfi acrIeKT BBeAerlFI ?t B

Apyrne pa3Aenbl Kypca.

8 nnarcc

BnegeuHe. Euo.nor[rrecKaq H corlrraJrbHafl rrpupoAa qeroBeKaBuonorz.recKrre vr corlr4€Llrbubre (parropu B CTAHOBJIEHLII4 qCIIC'BEI(€I.

flpunqunu€LllbHble orrHrII,It ycrouufi >Kn3rrv qeJroBeKa, cBt3aHHbIe c rosBreHr4r3ryrcoIII{€IrIbHofi cpe4u. Ee npezlvryIrlecrBa v rB[epxKr4. 3anucuuocrb r{eJroBeKa KaKor npr'rpo4uoit, TaK 14 or corlz€Llrnofi cp,eArr. 3Ha.reHze sHanuir o crpoeHuu )n

SyHxqlrxx opraHLI3Ma AIrfl rloAAepx{a.nvrfl. cBoero 3AopoBbf, pr 3l(olpoBbrroKpyxcarrcqux.

O;rrannrM rreJroBerca. Obutufi o6sopr

Heryxu o6 opraHz3Me qeroBeKa: a:narovturs, Szszolorz.r, rarlreHa.Canzrapuo-rllrlaeHzqecKarl clyx6a. @yn.rqzz caHurapHo-gnvAeMzoJrorurrecK.r4,KIIeHrpoB (C3Il). OteercrneHHocrb mo4efi, Hapyruarcqrax caHlrrapHbre HopN{r,r

o6qex.rrH.f,.CrpoeHze opraHl43Ma rreJroBeKa. Crpyrcrypa reJra. Mecro qe[oBe,Ka B

[pltpo.ne. Cxo.qcrno Lr orlrv-tvrt qeroBeKa c)T ]KLIBorHbrx. MopSotpu3LtoJroruqrocKneoco6eHnocrrl rreJroBeKa, cBf,3aHHbre c np.,[Moxo)KAeHr{eM, pa3BrrrrreM loJrol]HorrD

MO3fa,'rpyAoM, coIII4anbHbIM oopa3oM xoI3HLI.

BerrlecrB, Sepl,renr:';t, 6uocuHTe3 I{ 6zorclruqecKoe oKr.rcJreHLre, pocr,, pa3Burrre,nos6y4uuocrb, AeneHI,Ie.

Txanu xorBorHblx

Krrerra. Crpoenne, xusvtzuecrzfi cocraB, )rer3HeAe.flTeJrbHocrr,: o6ueu

IIeJIOBeKa: 9rII4TeJILIa[bHhIe, COeAI4I{I,rTeJI]bHbIe,

Mbrrrrer{Hbre, HepBHaf,. CtpoeHue ueftpoua: TeJIo, A HApurrbr, aKcoH, cr4Haflcbr.

Vponuu opraHr{3arlr4r'r opraHz3Ma. ()pran u cr4creMbr opraHoB. FlepeHan

peryrquus,. Hacru Lr orAeJrbr nepnnofi cr4creMbr. PeQrercc, peQnexropHa-f, Ayt-?t,

npoqeccrr aos6yx4oavnr 14 'iciplaoxennx. fpaopanfiag peryJrrrlur. Pons3HAOKpLTHHbTX XeJre3 14 BbIpaOaTbIBaeMbIX I4MLI |OpMOHOB.

Ouopuo-ABrlrareJrbHafl crlcreMa .

3ua.reHze KocrHo-Mrrrue.rHofi cLrcleMbr. Cr<eret, crpoeHl4e, coclaB w

coeAprHeHr{e Kocrefi. O6sop cKeJrera roJroBhl Ir ryJIoBIlIrIa. Cxerer rloqcoB tw

cno6o4uux KoHerl4ocrefi. llepqql rIoMgIrIh r-lpll TpaBMal!,c5gllera rI MbIIltq.

Tunrr Mbrruq, Lrx crpoeHvre vr 3HaqeHlre. O6sop ocHoBHbIX MbIIxu qeJIoBeKa.

[unawrvuecKa-l vr crarllqecKat pa6ora MbIIIrq.

c o Kp arqeHIar. P eryl flr\vrfl. MbIlIerrHbIx 4rraxie uufi .

3Heprernra MbIlIe{Horro

Hapyrnenze upanunrnoft ocaHKLr. llhocr<ocronze. Kopperqm, PanBnrze

olopHo-ABrrrareJrbrt fi. cucreMbr: ponb 3aptAKrI, ypoKoB Qzsrcynrrypbl H cttc)pra B

pa3Bvrrrirr4 opraHlr3Ma. TpeHraponoqnufi o$Serr v cnoco6rt ero Aocrl{xeHI4tt.Ilpuuuurr AercKoro rpaBMarkIrul (uo Marepla€urarvr rvrectr,+ofi eccu) Ir rpiaBl4ra

oKa3aHrnr nepnofi noMolqu

K;ponr u KpoBoo6paqenue .

BrryrpeHuflfl, cpe4a: KpoBb, TKaHeBafi xI4AKocrb, lauQa; I4x KpyroEropor.

3Haqeune KpoBr4 vr ee cocraB: rrJra3Ma I4t KleroqHble gJIeMeHTbI. l{x $ynrqull.CneprrreaeMocrb KpoBI4.

20

I,Ilmvuurer. pfaHbr r,rN,ttuvnnofi cI4cTeMbI. AnrureHH n oHTI4treJI&.

ZnrvryHnar peaKrllTf,. KreroqHrrfi ra ryrr,ropamnufi I{MMyHI,ITerbI. Pa6oru Jlyra

flacrepa, I4.Vl. Me.rHurcosa. Zso6pereuue BaKIILIH. Jleqe6urte cblBoporKxt.KnaccraQuKarrvs rrMMyHLrrera. TraneBat cr)BMecrLtMocrb v nepenvBalane r<ponra. ).,

il, ilI, IV rpynubr KpoBLr - nporBJreHlre HacJIeAcrBeHHoFo r4MMyHr4Tera. P'esyc-

Qar<rop. Pesyc-ron$nzrr KaK cJreAcrBlre upuo6pereHHolo r{MMyHlrrera.CepAue Lr cocyAbr opraHbr rponoo6parrleHLrf,. CrpoeHrae u Qynrrquu

cepArla, (Dagrr cepAeunoft AerrenbHocrlr. Manufi u 6onrruofi Kpynn

xponoo6parrleHr4.rr. Aprcpuz, Karrr4rrrrflpbr, BeHbr. (DynrqzLl BeHo3Hbrx KJranaHon.

Orror.nzrvrQu. (Dynrquz nuvrQoysron. ,{nn(eHl{e KpoBI{ ro cocyAau. [aueHl4eKpoBr4 Ha creHKr{ cocyAa. Cropocu KlpoBoroKa. Zsuepeuze aprepl{anbHoro

raBrren.ws. llepepacrpeAeneHLTe KpoBLr B opraHn:lae. Perynflrlut pa6oru cep,AIIa rLI

cocyAo.B. Anrouarngu cep4euHoft Mbrrurlhr. EonesHLI cepAerrHo-cocyAucroficr4creMbr lr Lrx flpeAynpex(AeHne. flepnar iloMolrlb rrpl4 KpoBoreqeHlrtx.

.n[r,rxare.nbHaq cucreMa .3Ha.reHze 4rrxaremnofi crdcreMbr, ee cBt3b c rponeHocHofi cucrroMoii.

Bepxnlre AbrxareJrbHbre rryrLr. fopraub -- opraH rolocoo6pa3oBaHl,Ir. Tpaxel,nJraBHbre 6ponxa, 6poHxnanbHoe AepeBo., €LIIbBeoJrbI. Jlerrue. llpncreHor{Hat a

JreroqHbre nJIeBpbI, nJreBpzurbH€ul rloJrocrb. O6rr,res r€l3oB B JIeTKrIX rI TX:aH-f,)1.

,{uxarelrHbre ABLrx(eHvrs. HepnHar r{ ryMop€urbHas. peryn.rlll4u AbrxaHun. Eo.re:ultopraHoB AbrxaHlrfl, r{x rpeAyrrpexAeHue. f'nrraeHa AbIXaHur. llepnat rloMolr{b rlp.a

nopa)KeHula opraHoB AbIXaHr4rr. flonsrue o rnrann.recrcoft kr 6Iaorrclrn.{ecxoft

cMeprr4. flpueusr rlcKyccrBeHHoro AbrxaHrrr I{3o pra B por I{ Herlp{Moro Maocaxa

cepAua. CrarucruqecKlre AaHHbre no PK uo ga6oreBaeMocrla opraHoB AbIX.aHI{tt,

cBr3aHrrofi c npe4HbIMLI npuBbrqKaMlz

IlnulenaprlTeJrbHafl crtcreMa .

3uaqesze [r4rrlu r4 ee cocran. lIuuIeBLIe [poAyKTbI vr nurarelrbHble BeIrIecrBiI.

Opranr,r nr4rrleBapenvrfl.. llzqenapeHl,Ie B poronofi rIoJIocrI{, xeJIyA.Ke 14

Kr4rrreqr{Hre. CrpoeHr4e opraHoB rrvqeBaprlrrenbHofo rpaKTa z rIIlIrIeBapI,ITe.ltbHbIX

xeJre3. (Doprr,ra vr Qynrquu sy6on. fftarqenapllreJlbHble $epuenru po'roeofi

rroJrocrrl vr xenyAKa. llepenapuBaHl{e iluIIIH B ABeHaAllarunepcruoft K:I4IrIXe

(QeprraeHrhr rroAx(eny,4ounofi xeJre3br, ponb xeJIqI4 B rlurleBapenuu). BcacrrsaHlre

rrr{TarerrbHbrx BerrlecrB. Crpoeuue 14 dlymqzz ronr<ofi 14 rolctofi KI{rrIKII.

AnneuAurc. CuunToMbI arIIeHAHIIIara. P e ry nflI\I4s. [uIIeBap eHv1fl.

3ar6oreeaHue opraHoB nr4rrleBapeHvrs. v ttx upo$nnaKTlaKa. llurauue u

3AopoBbe. flpuuunbr r4 r,rcroarHr4Kl4 nIlIrIeBr'IX orpaBJleHutrty xnrenefi PK.

O6rvreu BelrlecrB n 3Heprlrn. BnravuHbl .

llpenpaqqavrfl. 6elxon, xlrpoB 14 yrJIeBoAoB. O6uensue npoqeccbl Bi

opraiuanrij. "'fldArorori/rienirtts,"'u 3aKJIIoqLITeJIbHaf craAl,zr,z: o6uesa. O6ruren

BerrlecrB r4 3Heprl,rr4 B KJrerKe: rlJlacrIaqerlrufi o6uen v gHeprerzqecrufi o6ueu,

Sneprorparbr rreJroBeKa: ocnosHofi u o6:oluit o6ueH. 3uepreruqecKafl eMtKocllt'

ruqu. SuepreruqecKr,rfi 6uanc. Onpe4rtneHl{e HopM rrvrraHr4fl,. Kaqecrsenunit

cocraB nr4rrlr4. 3Ha.reHr,re Br{TaMr{Hos. funo- I{ fI4rIepBI{TaMI4Ho3u A, 81, C, D,

2t

Bo4opaicrBopkIMble u x{rlpopacrBoplIMble r}LrraMlrnrr. Buraur4Hbr vr qerru rrvtaunflBr4Aa. ,AslrraNar,rHo3br: A (<rypznax cneuoro>), Br (6onesnr 6epr,r-6epr,r), C(qr.rHra), D (paxr.rr).I4x rpeAyrpexAeHr{e rr JreqeHne.

Moqenur,rleJrlrreJrbHar cncreMa .

Po,lr p€BJrI4qHEIx cLIcreM B yl.aJrelr^vru HeHy)KHErx BpeAHbrx BerqecrB,o6pasyoqvrxcfl. B opraHl43Me. Porlr opfaHoB MoqeBbrAeJreHr{r, ux 3HaqeHlre.Crpoenze z Qynrquz norleK. HeQpoH - Qy"*qrroH€rrrbH€ur eAuHlrqa noqKr4.O6pasonaHze uepnz.rHofi kr roHeqnofi .MorrLr. V4arenne roneqnofi Moqu v3opraHll3Ma: ponb uo.IeqHoft JroxaHKr4, MoqerorrHLIKoB, MoqeBoro ny3brpf, vMOTIeI4C[yCKaTeJIbHO|O KaHaJIa.

llpe4ynpelKAeHve sa6orenanufi ro.{er. llzrresofi pexrau. 3naqeuue BOAbr r4

MzHepa[rbHhrx coJreit gttt, opraHLI3Ma. frarzenvqecK€ur orIeHKa nurreeofi BoAbr.

Koara.3Haqenue v crpoeHLIe Kox(HbIX noKpoBoB v cJrLr3lrcrbrx o6orover,

3arrlr{rrlaroqux opraHLI3M oT BHerrrHr{x noe4eficranfi. (DyHrquu 3rrr{AepMr,rca,

AepMbI I4 rI4nOAepMbI. BOJIOCbI I{ HOfTr4-- poroBbre rrpr4AaTKr{ KOXr4. KO:Xnrreperlenropbl, rloroBbre u c€LIIbHbIe xeJle3br. Hapyrueulrr KolrHbrx rroKpoBoB r,r HX

rtplrqunrbr. Orcasanue uepnofi noMolqlr [pr4 o)Korax n o6uopo]KeHr{rrx. fpz6noBbresa6oreBaHl4s'xoxu (crfjuryiirEfi.'iu:luaii, .r'diorra); rax'fipdj1j'npexAeHve v Mepbl

3arrlr.rTbr oT 3apaxeHufl..Tennoo6pa3oBaHLIe, TenJroorAaqau repMoperynflrlvrfl, opraHrr3Ma. Polr Koxr,l

B repMoperynflr\vu. 3ararusautre opraHr{3Ma. llepnar rroMorrlb rrpu rerrnoBoM i4

coJrHerrr{oM yAapax.

Su4orpnHHafl cucreMaxteresrl eHeruHefi, BHyrpeHsefi. u cMerrraHHofi cercpequz. Ponb rropMorrroB B

o6ue He Berrle crB, po cre Lr pa3Bvrrul{ opraHr[r3Ma.

Coruarorpouuufi ropMoH rzroQu:ra, ropMoHbl IqutosuAHoft xeJIe3bI.

EolesHr.r, cB.rr3aHHbre c runoSyHrrlueft (rapnuronocm) v c rznep$ynruluefi(rnranlusnr) runo$usa. EonesHI,I qnronu4uofi xeJIe3bI: 6aseAona 6oretur,cttusuc't:r;tit oreK. fopl,rou uopreny4ovnofi x(eJre3br LIHcyJTI{H u ga6orenanne

caxapHhrM 4za6er9rra. lgptogg ,+,?ArIgrIf?:qI4KoB z yx pg1r5. B rpucroco6reHuuopraHr43Ma K cTpeccoBblM Hafpy3KaM.

Srororu.recKafl, cvrryarrus. e PK rcarc Sarcrop prlcKa. 3a6oneBilHurfl, irer€sBHyrperrHefi cerpeq vrn Lr ux upo SuJraKruKa.

Hepnnan clrcreMa.3ria.reHlre nepnnofi cucreMbr, ee qacrlr LI orAeJIbI. PeQuercropnufi [pIrtHIII4n

pa6oru:. Ilpruue z o6parHbre . cBr3ra. @yHrqnx aBrolr,gl\{.+oro .(nereraruuuoro)orAeJra,, Cnruuaru.recrzfi vr ilapacvMilarr4r{ecrzfi uoAorAenbl. Hefiporyuopa-nbHat(HeftporopMoH€urbHaa) perynflr\vrfl: B3avMocBt3b HepBHoir u oHAoKpI,IHnoft ctz.creu.

Crpoer+ue u SyHrqrar{ cnr{HHoro Mo3ra. O'rAemI roJloBHoro Mo3ra, ux c'rpoeHl{e rSyHr<quz. Analuu4Ko - cr{HrerlrqecKar $yrrrqzr Kopbl 6onrruux nolyruap ufi

O;rraHu qyBcrB. AHa.nusaropbr(D;rHrcuuz opraHoB qyBcrB vr aHaJrrr3aropoB. Orqyqenur v Boc[pu.flrr4n.

B g araNacr c s fl3b aHaJrvr3arop oB B orp axeHr.rr4 BHeIxHero Mr4p a.

OpraH 3penufl.lloroxeul4e rJIa3 B qepene, BcrroMoraremHufi annapar rira3a.CrpoeHIae v Synrqzr,r o6onoqex rrrasa n ero orrruqecKr4x cpeA. Ilano.{Krz t4

Kor6o.Ircz cerrlarKl4. 3purenrurtfi aHa.JrLr3arop. Polr rJrul3Hbrx Mbrrrrq B

SoprvrupoBaHvrkr 3pkITeJIbHbIX Bocrrpusruit. EuuorcynspHoe 3peHze. 3a6oleea)H:ae .w

noBp exA eHlre rJr a3, np o S znaKTr4 Ka. f urueua 3p eHLrfl..

Otrlran cJryxa. llonoxerule nI4paMLIA BrLrcorrHbrx Kocrefi n .repene. C:lpoe ,HLre'.n

Qyuxqlrr.r HapyxHoro, cpeAHero u BHyrpeHHero yxa. llpe44nepze v. yJrr4rKa.

3nyxonepeAaroulzfi vr 3ByKoBocrpr4Hraruaroryvfi anraparhr yxa. (3ly:xonofiaHanu3irtop. frarzeHa cnyxa. PacnpocrpalreHlre zHQercqvrkr no cnyxonorfi rpy6e n

cpeAHee yxo KaK ocJrox(HeHr{e aHruHbr, rpzrrrrra, OP3. Bopr6a c uryMoM.Becrz6ynapnrrfi arrapar opraH paBHoBecr4f,. (DynxqHu MeruorrKoB

rrp eAAB epvs. BHyTpeHHe f o yxa u II onyKpyxHbrx KaHErrroB.

OpraHu ocfl3aHvrfl, o6ournux, BK\fca, r4x aHaJlu3aropbr. B:lauruclcssgr

OUyIIIeHHI4 pe3yJIbTaT aHaJII4TI4KO-cI4HTeTLIqeCKOI{ AetTeJIbHOC'lI4 KOpLI

6olrnrrx tottylll.apuit.

loneAenue u [c[IrrKa.;;l ! 'tl-

BproN4ennue Qopuu noBeAeHkrf,: 6esycnonuue peQnercrr, ilrrcrul-rKrbl,3aneqa'r:'[eHr4e. Ilpuo6pereHHbre Qoprvrr: rroBeAeHlrr. Ycronsue preQl,erccrr,

Ar.rH aMulq ecKuLr cTep e orLr n, p ac cyAoqHaf, Ar3tTe JlbHocrb.

Olrprrrue I4.M. Ce.reHonrrll rleHrpzrnbHoro ropMo)KeHr4f,. Pa6orrr VI.n.flaslon;a: orKpbrrr4e 6e:ycronHoro H ycJroBHoro ropMo)KeHlrr, 3aKoH esauNaHofi

r,rHAyKx,r4r.r no:6yx4e TopMo)KeHns. A.A. Vxrovcrzfi. Offipbrrrre flBJreHu'.

AoMr{HaHrn. Ezororr4rrecKue pr.rrMbr: coH l1.erg 3HarreHlre, Qfl.g"t cHa, cHoBuAeHuA.

Oc;o6enHocrr4 Bbrcuefi nepnHofi AerleJrbHocrr4 irenoBeKa. Peqr 14 co3HoHI4c.

@yHrquu nHeutrefi r{ BHyrpeuuefi pequ. Pe.resHe IIeHTpbI I{ 3HaqeHue sgrrKosofi

cpeAbr. Ponr rpy4onofi AerreJrbHocrr,r B rrorBJreHr4r{ peql4 u oco3HaHHbIX

geficrmir.flosnanareJrbHbre upoqeccBr, oulyqeHrre, Bocfrpr,I.nrve, rlaMqrb,

noo6pa:xeHr4e, MbrrrrJIeHLIe. Bu4rr IraMrrlr, ilplreMbl 3arIoMI4HaHus. Occ'6enuocraMbrrrrJIeHI4t, elo pa3BI4TA e

Bou, gMorII4tI, BHLTMaHLIe. AHaJlts BoJIeBofo aKTa. Kaqecreo BoJIlt.

@z:nororLrqecKat ocHoBa gMoI{I4fi .

Buuuauue. HeupousBoJrbHoe u [por43BoJlbHoe BHI,IMaHI4e. Cnr:rco6rt

rr oAAepx aHufl, BHI,IMaHI4.[.

I4gvreHenue pa6orocuoco6nocrz, 6opr6a c yroMneHI,IeM. Cragulrycrofivzaa.r pa6orocnoco6noctt,,pa6oro,cnoco6nocru: Bpa0arbrBaHue,

yroMneHr{e. Opranusaqzr orAbrxa Ha lpa3HbIX cra4uflx pa6orocuoco6H:ocrn.

PexraNa anq.

23

I{HAusuAyaJrbHoe pa3Brrrrre rreJroBeKa .

Ponr rroJroBbrx xporvrocoM- n--oupe4eneHuu piBBlrrrrrr opfaHr43ua ln6o ttoMyxtcKoMy, nu6o rro )KeHcKoMy rrlrry. Xencraq roJroBar (penpoa'ymunuar)cl4creMa. Paseurve sfiqer<rerrz n $onnlrK]/Jre, oByJrrrllrfl, MeHcrpya\ufl. My>rcra.rrIoJIoBaf, ollcreMa. O6pa":onauue cnepMaTo3orrAoB. llol.nrcqzu. fnrnena,npoMe)KHocTr4.

HacleAcrBeHHble v BpoxAeHHbIe ea6oresaHkrr. Bore3Hn, nepeAarontlrrectrroJroBbrM rryreM (CMD\, cuSunuc, ronopea).

Buyrpnyrpo6uoe pa3BLIrIze. OnroAorBopeHr.re, o6paronerHue 3&poAbrrxa vnnoAa. 3aron fer<r<ens

- Mronnepa 14 flprvqLrHbr orKJroHeHr,rs or HeFO. Pa:nurue

opraHr{r:}Ma nocJle pox{AeHr,rr. Irlsueueuur, cBr3aHHbre c tryr6eprarou.Kanenplapurtfi , 6uororu.recrufi I{ colllrzlJrr.nrrfi Bo3pacrbr qeJroBeKa.

BnusHze HapKoreHHbIx BerrlecrB Ha 3AopoBbe v cy4r6y r{eJroBeKa.

llcuxororLrtrecKr{e oco6ennocrr4 JrlrqHocrra: TeMrrepaMeHT, xal)aKTep, raHTepecbr,

cKJToHHOCTT{, CIOCO6HOCTZ. PO4r,HaCngACIBeHHOCrLr u qpuO6pereHHofo orlbrra B

pasBurvrr4 cuoco6nocrefi. Brnusnue BpeAHr;rx rpr{BbrqeK Ha 3AopoBbe rro[poclKoBPK.

9 rcrarcc

BneAenne B ocHoBu o6ulefi 6uonorun.Euororzs - HayKa o x{rrBoM MHpe.

Pasnoo6pa3ve u o6qze ceoficrsa )KrrBbrx opraHr.r3Mon. [IpueHaKrr xr4.Boro:

KreroqrHoe crpoeHlre, o6ueH BerqecrB r4 npeBparrleHrde sHeprurr, pirApaxr4Nrocrr,,fOMeOCTa3, pOCT, pA3BUTUe, BOCnpOu3BeAelFIue, ABLIXeHkIe, AAAII'raIJLrfl..

Mnoroo6pa3vre $opr )KLr3Hr4, r4x ponb B npr4poAe. Yponnr4 oplaHr43ar\Hv

xunofi rpl4poAbl

OcHonu yrreHrrfl o KJIerKe .Kparnufi gKcKypc B I,IcropI{Io I43freHI{rI KJIeTKI/I. I{nronorr4fl- HayKa,

H3r{aK)IrIa-s KneTKy.

Krerra KaK ocHoBHat crpyKTypHa{ u

opraHr.,r3Mos. Krerra KaK 6Iaocucreua.

Oco6euuocrr{ crpoeHl4t KJIeroK xkIBorHbItK I4 pacreHIafi. Bupycrrv rrpoKapaoTbl.

- HeIgIeTt)qHat

Soprr,ra )Kr{3HI{.

Xuuuqecrufi cocraB KJrerKr{: Heopra.HI4rIecKLIe u opraHl,IqecKue BeIrIec}TBa B

Pa.sHoo6paaue KJreroK xzsofi npl4poAbl. 3yrcapuorbl

nefi.Vl:<parnoo6pa3pre LT ceoficrna. BoAa rr ee ponb B KJrerKax. ly'rnenollbl, x{tapbl LI

nr4rrrrAr,r. Belrra, aMr4HoKlrcJrorbl. Crpyrrypa Lr Qynrqzu (5eflros B KJIerKe.

@epueurur v ux ponb. HyrleuuoBhre KracJlorbl, Lrx crpyK'rypa v Qynrunrl.MexanasM caMoyABoeHI4t AHK.

Crpoeuze KJrerKr{. CrpoeHue v {rynrqnz s4pa. Crpoeuze }lpoMocoM.

I-{zrou:rrasMaLr ocHoBHbIe opraHoLIAbI, ux tpyHrcquu B KJIerKe.

O|jvren neuiecrs vt npddpaqeHr.re-efieprnlr :- ocriosa-'xtll3HeAef,'reJlbtuocrl,I

$ynrquonrur"rbHaq eArIHI4ua

KJrerKr{. Yqacrue Qepnaenron.

24

Erzocznreg 6ema B KJIerKe. Buocunre3 yrneBoAoB B KJrerKe (Qolocrarrrer,).Ponr.nrlrMeHTa xuopo$nnna. KocupF{ecKaf, poJrb 3eJreHbrx pacrerurfi .

Pa.sMHoxeHre rI nHAnBuAyaJIbHoe pa3Brrrrre opraHrr3MoB (oHroreHer) .

Tunrt pa3MHolK envrfl, opraHll3Mos. llo.noBoe kr 6ecnoloe. B ererau,rB Froe

pa3MHOlKeHr4e.

fielenue KJIeTKTI oyKapl4or. lloAroroBKa KJrerKr4 K AeneHuro (uurepdbasa.l.Mzros Lr ero Sasrr. .{eneuue KJrerKLr npoKzrpr4or. Krero.urrrfi qur<1.

Oco6eHHocrLI [oJIoBbIX KJIeroK. Cyrqnocrr Ndefiosa. OnloAo'rBopeHlr€r.Cyrqnocrr 3l4rorbl. Ezonorz.IecKar ponb rroJroBoro kr 6ecnoloro cnooo6oepa3MHOXeHr4fl.

Ourorene3 14 efo gralrbl. 3v6puonarlbHoe Lr [ocrgM6puonanrHoe pa3r]LrrpreopraHLI:lMoB. BnugHrae Sar<ropon cpeAnr Ha oHToreHe3. Bpe4uoe 4eficreze€llrKofoJr.'I, KypeHr{r r4 HapKoTLlKoB Ha oHToreHe3 qeloBeKa.

Ocnosrt yrreH[fl o HacJreAcrBeHHoc:r[ rl u3MeHq[Bocrn .

Kparrufi 3KcKypc B I4cropl,rrc reHerr4xu. OcsoBHbre roHflTr4fl. reHelr4Ku:HacneAorBeHHocrb, reH, reHorr,rn, Qenorur, I,I3MeHr{LrBocrb. 3aronouepHocrr.rI43MeHqZBOCTLT OpfaHr43MOB.

3arcouoruepHocrl4 HacneAoBaHvrfl, rIpI43HaKon. feneruqecKue 3Kcrrepr4M.eHTbr

f . MenAer-f,. 3aron e4znoo6pasux ru6pu4on nepBoro rroKoJreHr{f,. !}aronpacqenneHrdt. ,{ouuuaurHble u peqeocLrBHhre npr{3HaKr,r. foN,rosr4rorhr 14

reTepo3rHFoTbI.

Xtrlol,rocoMHar reopur HacJreAcrBeH.Frocrlt. BsauNao4eficrnue rerroB u vr'.K

MHo)KeorBeHHoe Aeficrnue. Onpe4eJreHrre rroJra. HacreAosaHlae rrpH3HaKoB,

cuenJrer:rHbrx c rroJroM. Hacne4crBeHHbre 6onesHz rIeJIoBeKa. 3naqeHze reHernKlr B

MeAUrIr4rHe r{ 3ApaBOOXpaHeHLrLl.

3arconouepHocrn LI3MeHqIlBocrLI. BzArr I,I3MeHrr?IBocrLI: HacneAclBeHrraf, r4

HeHacJIeAcrBeHHa-rI. feuorulr{qecKar (rorvr6uHaruBnas, 14 Myralluoruuar)r,r3MeHrruBocrb. MogzQnrarlr4oHHuur rr3MeHrrr{Bocrb. OHroreneruyiocK€tll

r,r3MeHrrr4Bocrb. llpnuuuu I{3MeHqprBocrr{, Ouacsocrb 3afp.f,3HeHprs, nprapo4Hofi

cpeAbr MyrareHaMu. I,IcnonrsoBaHtre uyraqnfi Anfl BbIBeAeHI,If, HoBbIX QoptpacreHufi.

flcru.f,rze o reno$oH4e. llongrue o reHerr{qecKoM 6uopasnooSpasuu B

rrpr4po.rl e u xossftcrse.

OcHonsr ceJreKrllru pacrenufr, ?KIrBorHbIx Ir MrIK oopraHlr3MoB .

feHeru.recKlre ocHoBbr ceJreKrlr{r{ oplaHlr3Mos. 3aAaqu H MeroAbI cenerKIII4H.

YqeHne H.I4. Banulona o rleHrpax MHoroct6pasur.14 rrpoucxox(AeHl4f, Ky.lbrypHblx

pacreuufi.

.{ocruxeuur ceJreKrlr4r4 pauetnfi.. Oco6eHHocrl{ MeroAoB ceJIeKIII4I4

xr4 B orHbrx. no cru x enlzfl . c e JI e KIII{II xI4B ortu brx.

25

OC:HOBHbIE HATIPABNEHII' CEJIEKIII'IU MIIKPOOP|AHT43MOB. KIETOqHAfl

HHlKeHepHr' vr ee ponb n nrurpo6lroJroruqecrcofi [poMbrrlneHHocTr,r. floHqTze o6raorexuoJroruu.

IlpoucxolnAeHrr e rKr{sH rr rr pa3BuTlr€r opra H llqecKoro M rr paflpe4cranlrelntrfl. o Bo3HIiKHoBeHkrrr nrrr3HLr Ha 3eule B r4cropvvt

ecrecrBio3HaHLtfl.. fznorega Bo3HI4KHoBeHr4rr xor3Hrr A..VI. Onapzua rr ee pEBBklTve

BogHzxHoBeHr4e

flpe4ncrnaraev.as.BO3HI{K]FIOBCHI,IC

AerorpoQu, rereporpo$rr, cuvr6zorporfu.aspo6HoMy croco6y .qbrxaHr4rr, or rrpoKapr{or

uarpzunofi ocHoBbr rrepeAaqkr HacJreAcrBeHHocTr4.

3nomoqzr or anaspo6uono .K

- K gyKaplrorau. BrzgHr4e xr4Bbrx

B AEulbrlefiwtx uccneAoBaHkrflx. ConpeueuHar reoplrf, Bo3Hr.rKHoBeHvr xr43r{r{ Ha

3eure.llosuenne [epBI4rIHbIX xrrBbrx oprarrr{3Mon. 3apoxAeHr{e o6naeua Beui[ecrn.

rereporpo$Hocu [epBr4qHbrx opfaHr43MoB. Paunee

Soroczuresa 14 6zotoruqecKoro KpyroBopora Berqecrn.

opraHr4:lMoB Ha cocraB aruocQepbr, ocaAor{Hhrx lopoA; yqacrrre n QoprranpouaHukrlepBpIrIIIbIX IIOIIB.

3lanu pa3Bvrrufl xr43Hr4 sa 3eure. ()cHosHbre rrpr4crroco6r{TenbHrbre er€prr,r

HiBeMHbrx pacrerruit 3sorroquq Ha3eMHhrx pacreuuit OcsoeHue cyrxr4

xr4BorrilbrMr4. Ocnonurre qeprbr rlp?Icnoco6reHnocru r{LrBorHbrx K Ha3eMHoMy

o6pasy )Krz3Hut.

lloqsneHr,re rreJroBera. BrzsHkre qelone.recrofi AerreJrbHocrr4 Ha [przrpoAy

3eurn.

YqeHIre o6 esorloquu .

Vlgex pa3Bvrrkrfl opraHlrqecKoro Mupa e 6raororuz. OcHoBHbre rroJIo)I(eHI4fl

reoprltr 9. [apnr,rna o6 gBonrorlr4r{ opraHraqecKoro MI{pa. I4cxyccrneunurfi o'rl5op tlero poJrb B co3AaHLrLr HoBhrx Qopu. ZsMeH.ruBocrb opraHll3MoB B IIpI4poAHbLK

ycnoBllflx. ,{nzxyrqne cLrJIbI oBonIoquII: HacneAcrBeHHocrb, rI3Me]FIqI4Erocrr,,

6opr6a 3a cyulecrBoBaHr{e, ecrecrseHHrrfi 14 ucKyccrBenHufi or6op.flpucnclco6neHnocrr KaK pe3yJrbrar eclecrBeHHoro or6opa. Ornoc:nreltuufixapaKTep flptrc[oco6leHHocru. Muoroo6pa:ue BI{AoB -

pe3yJlbrar gBOJIIoLlttu.

Conpenaennue [peAcraBJreHLrr o6 oBoJIIoIII4TI opraHl4qecKolo )vrupa,

ocHoBarr{Hbre Ha rronyJrrrlzoHHoM npulHrlzne. Bz4, ero KpLITepIar,I. llonylr.uquoHHatcrpyKTl/pa B:apla. llouynxqzr KaK Qoplura cylqecrBoBaHnfl. Blzl.a n eAI,tHI4ua

oBoJrroqrru. 3reueurapHufi Marepl{an n Qarrcropbl 3BoJIIoqvv.

lllloqeccu o6pa:onanzr HoBbrx Br{lIoB B rpzpoAe - Bl4Aoo6pa:onanue.

flousrue o Mr4KpogBonrorlr4r4 14 MaKpooBonloq?Ild. Euoloruqecrufi rporpecc n6uororu.recrufi perpecc. OcnosHrre HIarIpaBneHLIf, 3BoJIroquI4: aprorrlopQo:,

v\r4oa4ailTarJr4r- AefeHeparlu-f,. OcHoBHbIe 3aKoHoMepHocrll 3BoJIIoIII4I4.

Btussue AerrenbHocrlr qeroBeKa rra MI4Kpo3BoJIroqrroHHbIe npoqeccbl B

lonynrrluf,x. llpo6lerr,ra BbrMlrpaH:zfl. r{ ooxpaHeHur peAKIlx BzAoB. I-{eHuclcrr

6 zororu.re cKo ro p a: H o o 6p a3r4fl, B ycrofi tII4 BoM p a3BI'I Tvrn npvpoAbl.

IIpo u cxoxAeH Ire rleJl oBeKa (aHrpon, oreH e3) .

26

Mecro qeloBeKa B clrcreMe opraHur{ecKoro MLIpa. r{eroser KaK BI4A, ero

CXO,IICTITO C XTLIBOTHbIMII N OTILIqUC OT H}IX.

[o,ra-:areJrbcrBa gBonrouploHHofo rlpol4cxo)KAeHlrf, qeJroBeKa or xI,IBor]HbIX.

Mop$o.norLrqecKrre n $urraonoruqecKlre o'rJrrrrruTeJrbHbre oco6ennocrrr rreJroBeKa.

Peqs KaK cpeAcrBo o6rqenux y rreroBera. BnocoqrrErrrbH€ur cyulHocrb qeJroBeKa.

Bgaranao,cnsgr coqlr€lJrbHbrx kr rrpr4poAHbrx Qar<ropon B gBonrour4r4 lreJroBeKa.

Coqualrnafl.vrrpr4poAHa.lr cpeAa, aAanrallrl.s r Hefi qe oBeKa.

9enoee.recKue pacbr, rlx poAcrBo kI Irpoucxo)KAeHlIe. 9eroser rarc eA.nHrrft

6uororu.recrufi BvrA. ,{euxyqze cI4JIbr vr gTanbl gBoJIroIIHut rreJloBeKa:

4penHeiiur4e, ApeBHr4e r.r coBpeMeHHbre JITIALI, craHoBJIeHIle qeroBeKa pa3yMHoro.rlerroserc KaK )KLITenr 6uocQepbl uI ero BJrrlJIHvre Ha npkrpoAy 3eulpt.

Ot:Honu 3KoJrorrlu.SKonorzs -

HayKa o B3al4MocBt3qx opraHll3MoB c oKpyxarculeii cpegofi.Cpe4a -- LrcrorrHlrK BerrlecrB, gHepruvr vr rnnQopvraquu. Cpe4bl )KLI3HI4 ua 3rolue:BOAHaS,, Ha3eMHO-BO3AyrrrHat, norrBeHHiiul, Apyfue opfaHLI3MbI KtlK opeAa

o6uranws..

3Kororz.recK[e Sarropri cpeAbl: a6uornvecrve, 6uoruqecxne kr

aHrponoreHHbre. OcrosHHe 3aKoHoMeplr.ocrll Aef4crBvrs, Sarropon cpeAtbl Ha

opraHI{:3MbI.

flpucuoco6nennocrb opraHrr3MoB r,4eficrnvro orAeJrbHbIX Qarcropoe crpeAbl

(na [puMepe reMrreparypbr Lrilvr nnalrHocru): oKororl,IqecKl{e fpytrrlibl Lr

xl,r3Henmbre Qopurr opraHu3MoB; cyrorlHble Lr ce3oHHble pI4TMbI

)Kr43He,nie.f,TeJrbHocrrr opraHLl3Mgl: Bzou,ruggKlle cB{3}I, -?,.IpLIpoAe. 3rolorH{ecKo€6uopasuoo6pazvre Ha 3eMne 14 ero 3HaveHlle.

OonosHHe rroH.f,Tlrr sKoJrorrllr norryrt qufi. OcnonHrre xapaKTepulTr4Kpr

lonyntqull: pOX(AaeMOCTb, BbIXtI4BaeMOCTb, IIIICJIeHHOCTb; IIJIOTHOCTb' BO3paCTHaq

14 rroJrorBzul crpyKrypa; QyHrquoHllpoBaHrre B upLIpoAe.

,{uuauura qlrcJreHHocrrr uonynrqzfi B rIpLIpoAHbIX coo6ulecrnax.

E n o ru.{ e c KI,I e c B g3 I{ B p e f yJIt u uu Lrr4c reH H o crll.ll<lnsrrae o 6zoqeuose, 6uoreoqeHo3e 14 gKocl{creMe. Ezoreoqeno:} KaK

6uoczcreua v KaK gKocl4creMa, efo KoMrIoHeHTbI: 6uoreunrte :)JIeMeHTbI'

npoAyr{eHThr, KoHcyMeHTbr, peAyrleHTn. I(pyroBopor BeulecrB I{ rloroK 3Hr3pr}II4

KaK ooHoBa ycrofiuunocrt4. Polr palnoo6pa3ufl, BLIAoB B ycrofiuraeocrl'I

6noreoqeHo3a.Passzrue v cMeHa 6uoreoqeHo3ioB. Ycrofi.runHe Lr Heycrofi'IllBble

6uoreoqeHo3br. llon-flrr,re o cyKrIeccHLI KaK rlpoqecce pa3BrTvrfl' coooulecrB orHeycroftqkrBbrx r ycrofr.rr4BbrM (Ha upurvrelpe BoccraHoBneHl4fl, Jreca Ha Mecre rapvr

Lrilv rarrru). Pa^:noo6pasrae Ha3eMHbrx I4t BoAHrIX gKocl4creM. EcreclBeHIIbIe I4

lrcKyccrBeHHbre 6uoreoqeHo3bl. I4gNdeHeHLIq B gKocllcreMax noA BJII4UHI4eM

.IICf,TCN bHOCTLI qEJIOBEKA.

EuocQepa KaK rno6aJrb*afl. oKocr.rcreua. VqenueB.VT. Bepua4croro o ponl4

xr4Boro BelrlecrBa n upeo6pa3oBaHl{I{ BepxHI,Ix cJIoeB 3eIvuu. Euoloruqecxufi

KpyroBopor BerrlecrB v rroroK 3Heprr4?t B 6r,rocSepe. Ponr 6uororn'IercKol'o

pa3H o o 6p asnfl , B ycro fi qI,IBoM p a3 BI{rI'ILI 614 o c Q epu.

27

Sronorus KaK Ha)qHaJr ocHoBa paquoHarrbHoro l{crronb3oBanufl. np}IpoAbl HBbIXoAa v3 rno6anrnrrx gKoJrorrrrrecKr4x Kprl3ltcoB. Ponr 6uonoru.IecKoro vgKoJrorr4rrecKoro o6pasoraHrar, poirb gKoJloruqecrofi KyJlbrypbl qenoBeKa B

perrreHurr upo6reurr ycrofiuunoro pa:|BLITITI npl4poAbl n o6qectna.

28

8 n"nacc

Vuauluecq Aorr(HbI 3Harb:1. .flons'rus: 6uocoqzalbnafl flpupoAa qeJroBeKa, npLrpoAHarr cpeAa,

corlr4iurbHas cpeAa.

2. ,OcHosHbre HayKr{, I43yrranulle qeloBeKa, I{x MeroAbI I4ccneAoBan;r4fl, vr

rlp aKTLTT{e cKkI e BbIXoAbI.

3. 3naqentte canvrrapHo-rlrrveHr.rqecx:LIx 3HaHLIit Atts. o6rqecrea I,I Ka)I(AoroqeJroBer(a, poJrb MeArrrlkrHcr<ofi vr canurapHofi cnyx6 e oxpaue gKoJlorrru cpeAbl: 14

3AOpOBbtr HaCeJreHI4{.

4. VponueByro opraHr{3arlzro qe.[oBeqecKoro opraHl{3Ma, BKJIIoqal

trletounttfi, rraneerrfi, opfaHurrfi, cucreuurtfi, opfaHu3Mengrrfi: kl

loBeAelflqecrufi ypoBHI4.

5. Cocran r{ cBoficrBa BHyrpeusefi c)peAbl, roMeocr€B; ocHoBHrre cnofficlna

KpoBr4, nzu$rr lr rKaHeBofi xl,r4rocrz; ilpupoAy LrMMyHvrrera.

6. Crpoenze 14 Qynrqun ocHoBHbrx. clrcreM opraHoB, BKJIroq€u cl{crelMy

opraHorB r4MMyHLITera; [pI4trtIHbI TKaHenoft coBMecrkIMocrrl.7. Hepnnyo Lr gHAoKpprHHyro perynsqulo ucrIoJIHLlTeJIbHbIX cLIcreM,

3HaqeHlae np.rrMbrx Lr o6parHrx cwzeit; ocHoBHbIe 3aKoH MepHoclu srlcruefi

uepnHofi AetreJlbHocrl4.8. ZH4gu.IFyanbH.gg pryBI4T,4g opTaHlzt3Ya.

YqaIqrCcq Aoflr("sr yrvreri:l. IlomsoBarbcr Hayunoft HoMeHKJrarypoft I,I TepMllHoJrorl,tefr, orlll4rlarb ee

or 6uropofi rercuru.2. llonrsoBarbc{ aHaroMr4r{ecKuMra ra6ruqauu 14 HaxoAI4Tb Ha ce6e

rrpoeKIII,II4 BHyrpeHHLlX Opf aHOB.

3. Pacrprtnarr B3allMocBt3b crpoeHiLlt u Qyurqzfi Ha pa3HbIX ypoBrlnx

opraHLI3aIIkI+4 Op.raHI{3M?i,,,.,1,.; :i,,, a,,,\ i,- :.,1' :'r rir..l4. VcraHaeJrl4Barb cBfl3vr MI4Kpo- I{ Ma.KpocrpoeHr4s opraHoB.

5. llonrsoBarbcfl.lyuofi, cBeroBbrM r\[IrKpocKorloM I{ ApyrHMI4 oIITI4r{€QKI,IMI4

npu6opraruu. Ouuq arb vrcrr4nHble crpyKrypbl or JIo)KHbIx (apre$axron,),

6. Orasrrearr [epByro noMorrlb ]tlpu rpaBMarkIrIecKLIX vr HeKoropblx

opraHr4rrecKr{x 3a6oneBaHr4flx. BrtnorHgrt, rlpoBl{na [poQuJIaKTI,IKlI I4 :]auI4TbI or

nuQ ercquoHHblx, reJIbMrrHTo3HbIX I{ ApyrI,IIK 3ap a3Hblx s a6 oresaHllfi .

T.I4cnotb3oBarb 3aKoHoMepHocrLr srrcurefi Hepnnoft Ae.flTenbHocrLl n

llclrxoJtrorl4r,r Anfl opraHI43aIILIu palluoHzIJIbHoro yre6noro, Qu:inueoKoro,6rrrosclro rpyAa, rpaMorHo rrepeAoBarb IPYA c orAbIXoM, pacnpe.n,eJl'{1lb

$zsvruecrylo Harpy3Ky.

8.BsrnonHrrb upocrefiurue QyHrllnoHaJIbHbIe npo6u, cpaBHl4lBaq cBoI4

rroKa3aHgf, co cpeAHr,rMI,I 3HaIIeHI{IMI{, vI flpu HOO6X0AI4MO0TI{ IIOJtb3oI}aT];cfl

coorBercrBylorll4MIa Qoprr,rynanrvl.9. HaxolrrTb roMorornqHbre opr€tHrJ nslBorHhlx I{ rIeJIoBeKa I4 rpal\4o]iHo

BecTI,I OpaBHeHLIe.

10. ZcuoDgoearr 3HaHrre cucreMarLlKll, vrll4vrBr4!y€ulbHorct pa3rtr4'rr4fl',

cpaBHrrlrengrofi aHaroMnu ra Qusuonorr4rr g^nfl, ycraHoBJIeHI{t Mecra rlerol}eKia B

rrpr4po,jle u ero cBt3efi c xI'IBorHbIM.

30

9 rc.nacc

Y.{arunecq Aorx(Hsr suarr/rloHrlMalb :

1. Ilpnsnarn 6uoloFI/ttIecKI/IX o6leKto,e:. :}KHBbIX OP|AHLI3MOB;

. feHoB I4 XpOMOCOM;

o KJreroK r{ opraHlr3M B pacreuzfi, xltrBorHblx, rpn6on u6arcrepuii;. floilyrsr\vrkr;o t:)Kocr4cTeM LI alpo9Kocl4cTeM;. 6uoc0epu;. pacrenufi, xrrnorHbrx z rpz6on cBoero perl4oHa.

2. Cyunoct 6volorl4qecKllx ilpoqec(loB:o o6naeu BerrlecrB I{ npeBpalrleHz.g gHeprl{Ir;

. IIIJTA}IT4E;

o AbrxaHl4e;O BbIAENEHHE;

.,IPAHCIIOPT BEIIIECTB;

. pocT, pa3BIdTIde;

. pEI3MHOXeHI{e, HaCJIeACTBeHHOCTb rI I43MeHTII4BOCTb;

. perynrqlltr ]KLI3HeAe'TeJIBHOCTLI OplfaHI43Ma;

. pa3Apaxr4MocTb;O KPYI'OBOPOT BCIIICCTB LI TIPCBPAUICHI4' 9HEP|LII{ B sKOCI{CTEMAX.

3. Oco6enHocrr4 opraHu3Ma qeJroBeKa, efo crpoeHlrt, rol3HeAetreJlbHoc:fll,

nucureii HeprHofi Aef,TeJIbHocrI4 I4 noBeAerll{.f, .

Y.rauluecq Aorr(HbI yMerb :

1. O6tscnsm:. ponb 6uotoruu B QopnrzpoBaHrrvr. conpenaeHnofi ecrecrBeHHoHa)/rlHo[

Kaprl4Hbr Mr.rpa, B rrpaKTr4.recrofi AeflTeJIbHocrH moAefi z caMoro )n{eHrlKil;. poAcrBo, o6ulHocrb rrpovcxoxAeHtnq LI sBoJlloqurc pacreuuir 14 )KI4BI:)TFI.sIX

(na nplrrr,repe co[ocraBreHl{q orAeJIbHbIx qpyun);. poJlb pEt3II{rIHbIX opraHI43MOB lB XI,I3HLI rIeJIoBeKa kr codcrseHHofi

.4e.rITeJIlbHocrI4;

? B3aLrMo cBflsLl op IlaHII:tMqE, I{, OKpyxatoueft 9p eAbI ;

r 6 raonorl4r{e cKoro p asHo o6p a3vrfl. B coxp aHeH uu 6uo c Sep bI ;

o neo6xoAllMocrb 3aIrII4TbI oKpyxarcqefi cpe4u;o poAcTBo rleJroBeKa c MJIeKOIIT4Ta.IOqI{MLI XIIBOTHbIMII, MeCTO Lr poJxb

IIEJIOBEKA B NPUPOAE;

O B3AI,IMOCBf,3II IICJIOBEKA T4 OKPY}KATIqEfi CPEAbI;

. 3aBvrer4Mocrb co6crnenHoro 3AoporBbt or cocro.[HI,IJI oKpyNaroulr:i cF)eA]bI;

. TPUqI,IHbI HACNEACTBEHHOCTI ' U IBMEHqI{BOCTII, [I]O'BIICHI4'

HacJre.II crBeHHbIX sa6onenaurafi , uuuyHrlTera y rlenoBeKa;

. ponb fopMoHoB vr BvrTaMkrHoB B opI'aHI{3Me.

2. I4zytarr 6uoloruqecKl4e o6lerrur lr rrpoqeccbl :

a1J-t

. oraBprrb 6zonorz.recKlle gKcleprIMeHTbr, oflrrcblBarb 14 o6tqcHlrupe3yJrbTaTbr orrbrToB;

o ua6ruoAarb 3a pocroM ri p€r3Blrrueru pacretruir u rtLtBorHbIX, rorBeAeHHeM

xr4BorHbrx, ce3oHHbrMrr Lr3MeHeHLrrMLl B rrp upoAe ;. lpaccMaTpr,rBaTb Ha foToBbrx Mr4Kpo[pelapaTax u oflrrcbrBaTb

6uoronaqecKr4e o6terru.3. .PacnosHaBarb Lr o[LrcblBarb:o TOCHOBHbIO IIACTI4 U OpTaHOLIAbI IUI9TKII, OpI'aHbI vI CpICTeMhI OpTaIIOB

IIENOBEICA;

o Ha nrLrBblx o6rer<rax u'ra6rttlax opraHbr qBerKoBoro pacreHLrq;

O ,OPFAHbI LI CI{QTEMbI OPTAHOB )KI4BOT]FIbIX;

. pacTeHr4fl, pa3Hbrx oTAenoB;

. :XUBOTHbIX OTAEJIbHbIX TI{IOB I{ KJIACCOB;

. uav6onee paclpocrpaHeHHbre pacreHu.fl I4 xHBorHbIX cBoeft uectuocua,KyJrbTyp Hbr e p acTe IIprfl . vr A oM aIuHI4 x )KLIB oT Hbrx ;

. cbeAo6Hbre r,r rAoBLrrbre rpu6u;

. OIIACHbIC ANq qEIOBCKA PACTCHLIS II XI{BOTHbIX.

4. Brrrnrsrr n3MeHqlrBocrb opraHr,r:rMoB, rlpucrroco6teuug, opraHI,I3N,IoB K

cpeAe o6urasus,, TzrIbI BaLIMoAe itcrskrfl. paBHbIX BI4AoB B aKocl{creMe.

5. Cpannzsarr 6uo.[ofzqecKue o6remu (rcrerKr{, TKaHrI, opraHbl 14 cI,IcreN{bI

opraHoB, opraHlr3Mbr, npeAcraBLrreJreft o:r4emHbrx cllcreMarl4qecKux rpynn) nAenaTb BbIBOAbI Ha OCHOBe CpaBHeHLI.f,.

6. Onpe4ersrb rrpkrHaAnexHocrb 6uoloruqecKLlx o6rexron K onpeAelerHHoil

cr.rcreMarzqecrofi rpynne (rnaccuQzraqrut).T.Artatm3r,rpoBarb Lr orleHrdBarb Bo3AeficrBl{e Qarropon orpyNarorqeft

cpeAbr, Qarropon pr4cKa Ha 3AopoBbe, [ocreAcrBl4t AetreJlbHocrla rIeJIoBeKra B

gKocrrcreMax, BJrLrrHue co6crseHHrrx ilocrynKoB Ha xLrBbIe opraFII{3tvIbI rtgKOCVC',[eMbI. | , : ,ii,::. ]:i::

S.llponoAr4Tb caMocrof,relrssrfi roucK 6uororuqecrofi nnQoprraaqun:

HaxoAtrrb B TeKcre yve6uura orjrII4qI{TeJIbHbIe IrpI{3HaK[ (]cHoBFtbIK

cr4creMiarr4rrecKr4x rpyrrtt; n 6uororuqecKl4tx cnoBaptx u cnpaBoqHl4Kax 3HarIeHI'It

6uolornqecKr{x repMr4HoB; B pa3rl,IuHblx I{crorIHI4Kax Heo6ixo4uMl)/n

uuQoplnraqraro o xl4Bbrx opraHlr3Max (n roM rrucle c I{cIIoJIE3oBaHI{eM

unSoplnraqrroHHblx rexnolorufi ).V.rarq[ecq AoJr]rffibr yMerb rrcrloJrtb3oBarb npno6pereHnble sHaH[tl Lr

yMeHlrril B npaKTlr.recrcofi AeflTeJrbHocrlr lr rloBceAHenHofi rsr3Hrr Artr:1. Co6nroAela:zfl, Mep npoSunax:TLIKLI sa6oresauui1 BbI:lbIBaeI\tbIX

pacreHgtMtr, )KLrBorHbrMu, 6arrepurvtu, tpu6aMvr vr BtIpycaMLI; npo{rnnaKTlt4Kl4

rpaBMarr{3Ma, crpeccoB, Bl4rl-rau$erqnz, BpeAHbIX npI{BbIqeK (rypernne,

€urKoro.rru3M, HapKottauut); rrpeAyrlpelc4eHr4s, HapylxeHl{t ocaHKrI, 3peHI4{, c)JI)/.Ka,

rE n S e xq u o HHIIX LI rrp o cryAH bIX s a6 o ner,aH"wit'.

2. OKagatlufl, IIepBofi IIoMoIqu rrpu oTpaBJIeHuI4 flAoBI4TbIMI4 rpu6avm,

pacTeHr,rtMr{, yKycax xr{BoTHbIX; [pI4 rIpocryAHbIX 3a6oneBaHHqx, oxo]rax,

o 6 u op <lx eHr4flx, Tp aBM ax, cilac enlru yro rI €llo ue ro .

JL

3. Paquonanurofi oprilrlr3allun tpYaa vr or4lur&, co6moApnnrnoBeAeHr,[r B or(pyxarcqefi cpe4e.

4. BupaqvBaHns. r pa3MHoxeHl{f, IqnbrypHqrx pacretatdt nxrrBorHbrx, yxoAa 3a HrrMLl.

5. flpone4eHr{f, na6lroAennfi ga cocro.EHr,reM co6clrseHHoro opraur{3tl&.

33