schesiology: an introduction - uni hohenheim · schesiology: an introduction ... schesiological...

Schesiology: an introduction

Food Security Centre, University of Hohenheim

Tuesday 25 October, 2011.

Peter Stebbing

Hochschule für Gestalting

Schwäbisch Gmünd

Germany

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Schesiology is the study of

relationships (∑XE∑H, grk.) and

their Consequences.

l

c

Case Study 1. NOT thinking schesiologically...

Europe needs more fuel,

but must cut emissions

by 20% by 2020 & so will

replace 10% fossil

fuel with biofuels

“...

Future fuel supplies are of

acute importance to the US

army because it is believed to

be the biggest single user of

petrol in the world...

... Glen Sweetnam, main oil

adviser to the Obama

administration, admitted that

“a chance exists that we may

experience a decline“ of world

liquid fuels production

between 2011 and 2015 if the

investment was not

forthcoming.”

Guardian Weekly,

16-22.04.2010, p.1

How much oil &

coal remains?

The planet‟s vast store of coal could fuel

the world economy for centuries– and

fiercely stoke global warming– but a few

analysts are raising the prospect of an

immanent shortfall.

source: Kerr, R., 2009, How much coal remains,

Science, 13 March, vol 323, no 5920, pp 1420 -

1421

source: Pearce, F., 2006, New Scientist, 18 Feb, p.10

...not thinking schesiologically...

Europe needs more fuel, answer: bioethanol

but must cut emissions

by 20% by 2020 by

replacing 10% fossil

fuel with biofuels

Upfront, New Scientist, 13 Nov, 2010, vol 208, no 2786, p. 13


Europe needs more fuel, answer: bioethanol 4.1 - 6.9 million

but must cut emissions hectares of land needed by 20% by 2020 by


fuel with biofuels



but must cut emissions hectares of land needed

by 20% by 2020 by


fuel with biofuels

where? Brazil, Africa ?

source: Vidal, J., 2011, Hectares

going for a song, The Guardian

Weekly, 25-31.3.2011, vol 184, no

15, p.18

Gambella

Source: Service, R.F., 2009, Another Biofuels Drawback: The

Demand for Irrigation, Science, 23 October, 2009, vol 326, no

5952, pp 516 - 517




by 20% by 2020 by


fuel with biofuels corn ethanol

requires 2.2 - 8.6

million litres of H20 &

soyabean biodiesel needs

13.9 - 27.9 million litres of H20 where? Brazil, Africa...

per MegaWatt hour of energy




by 20% by 2020 by



requires 2.2 - 8.6




per Megawatt hour of energy

but land clearance

will produce 80 - 167%

more emissions than

by continuing to use

100% fossil fuels

source: Searchinger, T., et al, 2008, Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases

greenhouses gases..., Science, 29.02.2008, vol 319, no , pp 1238-

source: Science, 17 Aug, 2007, vol 317, no, 5840, p 902




by 20% by 2020 by



requires 2.2 - 8.6



13.9 - 27.9 million litres of H20 where? Brazil, Africa,...


but land clearance


stupid question no. 1 more emissions than

doesn‟t Africa have by continuing to use

a FOOD problem? 100% fossil fuels

source: “Secret Report: biofuel caused food

crisis,” The Guardian Weekly, Fri, 4.7.2008, p.1-2




by 20% by 2020 by



requires 2.2 - 8.6





but land clearance


stupid question no. 2 stupid question no. 1 more emissions than

doesn‟t Africa have doesn‟t Africa have by continuing to use

a WATER problem? a FOOD problem? 100% fossil fuels

Vidal, J., 2009, „Our

land is dying: Climate

change is here, it is a

reality.‟ The Guardian, 4

Sept, pp 16 - 17

WATER: emergency assistance needed, 2009

source:Vidal, J., 2009, „Our land is dying: Climate change is here, it is a reality.‟ The Guardian, 4 Sept, pp 16 - 17




by 20% by 2020 by



requires 2.2 - 8.6


How many soyabean biodiesel needs

lives to the kilometre 13.9 - 27.9 million litres of H20 where? Brazil, Africa...

will a car travel per Megawatt hour of energy

in 2020?

but land clearance


stupid question no. 2 stupid question no. 1 more emissions than

doesn‟t Africa have doesn‟t Africa have by continuing to use

a WATER problem? a FOOD problem? 100% fossil fuels

Schesiological Case Study 2.

the mobile Phone:

obscurity through channels of supply

Quelle: nach Theis, 2007

...you might also be

supporting war barons

in the Congo to

commit mass

rape and genocide.

Case Study 3.

Design anticipated to benefit...

1.5-2 million people

...but analysed schesiologically

actually benefits 1.5 billion!

source: The Economist, 25 Sept-1 Oct.

2010, vol. 396, no. 8701, p. 67

source: Tollefson, J., Climate‟s smoky spectre, Nature, 2009, 2 July, vol 460, no 7251, pp 29-32

The Economist,

20-26 Nov 2010,

vol 397, no 8709,

p84

The Chulha Stove

...will not only help to eliminate the health hazard

of smoke for 1.5 mn people,

but also contribute to securing the water supply

for 1.5 bn people !

Designed by Unmesh Kulkarni & Praveen

Mareguddi, India & Bas Griffioen & Simona

Rocchi from Philips Design, Netherlands. (INDEX

award winning design, 2009)

teaching schesiology

Results from Students‟ Working Group No 7,

Seminar: In a Planet of our Own, 5 Nov. 2009,

Industrial Design Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Schesiological

Analysis of a Shoe

Dyeing

Machining &

Cutting

Fabric Component of Shoe

Cotton Fibre

Weaving

Ginning

Harvesting

Spinning



Industrial Design Centre,

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Dyeing

Dyeing Boidegradable residue

Dumping of

residual waste in

water

Water Pollution

Health hazard

Synthetic dyes

Natural dyes

Water

Organic Pigments

Chemical Pigments

Water Cadmium

Sulphur

Phosphorus



Industrial Design Centre,


Shoe

Leather

Metal

Fabric

Rubber

“Design box”

ME laptop

clothes

bicycle

I-phone

my possessions &

activities

sho

Product

A design space for innovation: when resources run out,

how will we adapt? ...with energy & resource saving devices?

The future past The future present


how will we adapt? ...with resource saving devices?


Die Schweiz importiert Nahrungsmittel aus über 90 Entwicklungsländern

source: Hauser-Schäublin, 1986, Mensch, Kultur, Umwelt: Rund ums Essen, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, p. 8

Resource

reduction or

exhausted:

e.g. oil

Resource

reduction or

exhaustion:

e.g. oil

Consequences

C1

C2

C3

C4

sail

Resource

reduction or

exhaustion:

e.g. oil

Arena for Design Innovation

Consequences

C1

C2

C3

farming

C4

transpor

t

horses

haulage

water

manure

source: Shaw, J., 2010, Future power, Ships, May, vol 45, no 5, pp 20-24

Identifying schesiologically space for innovation: when the oil runs out,

how will agriculture adapt, using as it does 70% of fossil fuel production?

yesterday today tomorrow?

Science, 15 August 2008, vol 321, p. 927

Source: Pearce, F., 2010, Earth‟s

nine lives, New Scientist, 27 Feb.,

vol 205, no 2749, pp 31-35

Source: Rockström, J., et al, 2009, A safe

operating space for humanity, Nature, 24 Sept, vol

461, no 7263, pp 472-475

A safe operating

space for humanity

“It’s a new paradigm. Markets are not fully aware of these risks, and don’t know how to deal with them.

The report comes amid growing concern that no-one is made to pay for the disastrous impact of pollution and the rapid loss of

freshwater, fisheries and fertile soils...The report, led by economist Pavan Sukhdev, is likely to argue for abolition of billions of

dollars of subsidies to harmful industries such as agriculture, energy, and transport, tougher regulations and more taxes on

companies that cause the damage. source: Jowit, J., 2010, The Guardian Weekly, 26 Feb - 4 Mar, 2010, vol 182, no 11, p 17”

source: Dobson, A.P., 1996, Conservation & Biodiversity, Scientific American Library, New York, p. 69

An IRRI worker examines submergence-tolerant rice that survived being

underwater for 2 weeks; a non-tolerant variety had grown on the left where there is

clear water. In addition to submergence tolerance scientists are looking for a gene

which will give rice a salt tolerance. So far the Saltol gene has been identified but

conveys tolerance only during the seedling stage.

source: Normile, D., 2008, Reinventing rice to feed the world, Science, 18 July, vol 321, no 5887, pp 330-333

A “Keystone” Species: the sea-otter

Upcoming meeting will set out global conservation targets

A lack of money for conservation projects is a key reason why governments have failed to meet

their 2010 targets... For example, the 33 member nations of the Organisation for Economic Co-

operation and Development donated US$8.5 billion for climate change mitigation projects in

2008, but only $3 billion annually for biodiversity.

Source: Gilbert, N., 2010, Nature, 14 October, vol 467, no 7317, p 764

source: Young, E., 2010, The hot zone, New Scientist, 24 April, vol 206, no.2757, pp 32- 35

The Factor Complex

source: King, T.J., 1989, Ecology, Thomas Nelson & Sons, Walton-on-Thames, p.23

•F

elle

t, M., N

ew

Scie

ntis

t, 8 O

ct, 2

01

1 p

.21

e.g. “just in time” business practice i.e. phase transitions

source: MacKenzie, D., 2008, Are we doomed? New Scientist, 5 April, vol 198, no 2650, p. 32 - 35

Thanks; any questions, please.

[email protected]




Source: Nature, 11.11.2010, vol 468, no 7321, pp 141-142

Quelle: National Geographic / January 2008 / p. 64

Motif promoting “Building a Global Knowledge Society,” 2012 AAAS Conference

theme advertisement, Science, 5 August 2011, vol 333, no 6043, p 674

source: Kruse, L., 2006, Methodological reflections on learning & teaching sustainability in Higher Education, in Higher Education for Sustainability, ed. Adomssent, M., et al, 2006, Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Waldkirchen

Russell, P., 1982, The

Awakening Earth,

Routledge & Kegan

Paul, London

source: Vidal, J., Guardian Weekly, 3-9

September, 2004, p. 27

Nature, 9 June 2005, vol 435, no 7043, p 723

Interaction between

natural & human sphere

(WBGU 1994: 168;

based on Stern et al

1992)

source: Kruse, L., 2006,

Methodological reflections on learning

& teaching sustainability in Higher

Education, in Higher Education for

Sustainability, ed. Adomssent, M., et

al, 2006, Verlag für Akademische

Schriften, Waldkirchen

Product

“Design box”

source: News in brief, 2004, Nature, 2 Dec,

vol 432, no 7017, p 542

source: Normile, D., 2008, Reinventing rice..., Science, 18

July, vol 321, no 5887, pp 330 - 333

Zhang, X., et al, 2007, Detection of human influence on twentieth-

century precipitation trends, Nature, 26 July, 2007, vol 448, no 7152,

pp 461-465

THANK YOU TO THE STUDENTS OF...

Working Group No 7 and their Professor VeeJay,


Industrustrial Design Centre,


The new extended design curriculum

Well-to-wheel emission changes for a range of 1st- and 2nd-generation biofuels (excluding land use change)

compared with gasoline or mineral diesel. Source: OECD, 2008 based on IEA and UNEP analysis of 60

published life-cycle analysis studies giving either ranges (shown by the bars) or specific data (shown by the

dots). IEA's Report on 1st- to 2nd-Generation Biofuel Technologies, Ralph Sims, Michael Taylor, Jack

Saddler and Warren Mabee March 9, 2009

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/u/ralph-sims;jsessionid=0218CC65C8A669E611EC80FD44F11DDF

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/u/ralph-sims;jsessionid=0218CC65C8A669E611EC80FD44F11DDF

source: Nature, 2 July, 2009, vol 460, no 7251, pp 29-32

source: The Guardian Weekly,

04-10.07.2008, p 42

Source: Nature, 20.1.2011,

Vol 469, no 7330, p 299

source: Searchinger, T., et al, 2008, Use of U.S. croplands for biuofuels

increases greenhouses gases..., Science, 29.02.2008, vol 319, no , pp

1238-

source: Foy, H., 2010, „Food is here, but the ability to buy it isn‟t‟, The Guardian Weekly, 25 June- 1 July, vol 183, no 2, p.4

source: Vidal, J., 2011, Hectares

going for a song, The Guardian

Weekly, 25-31.3.2011, vol 184, no

15, p.18

Gambela

source: The Guardian, Wed, 16 June, 2010, p.16

Source: The Guardian, Wed, 18 June 2008, p. 11

source: The Guardian

Sat 25 Sept 2010, p 5

Quelle: nach Theis, 2007

Source: Ashby, M.F., 2009, Materials and the Environment, Elsevier, Amsterdam

“During the past 50 years or so...our actions have

resulted in the loss of roughly one-fifth of the Earth‟s

topsoil, one-fifth of its land suitable for agriculture,

almost 90 percent of its large commercial fisheries,

and one third of its forests, while we need these

resources more than ever, as our population has

almost tripled during this period of time, increasing

from 2.5 to more than 6.5 billion.” p.xi

“The concensus of scientists is that the current rate

of species extinctions is on average somewhere

between 100 and 1,000 times greater than prehuman

levels, and that we are moving toward an extinction

rate that is on average 10,000 times greater.” p.18

“As a result, some biologists have concluded that we

have entered what they are calling „the sixth great

extinction.‟” p.xi


how will we adapt? ...with energy & resource saving devices?


schesiology: an introduction - uni hohenheim · schesiology: an introduction ... schesiological...

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