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Measurement While Drilling Overview

Real-time transm

ission

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MWD Functions Real-time surveying

Wellbore positioning

Directional Drilling

Real-time formation measurement

transmission

Correlation

Geology

Petrophysics

Geosteering

Real-time drilling mechanics data

Help Drilling process

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Schlumberger MWD SystemsHole sizes

SlimPulse From 4 ¾” to 30”

Impulse From 5 ½” to 7 ¼”

PowerPulse From 7 ¾” to 30”

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Schlumberger MWD Systems (Services)

MWD Systems

Transmission Rate

(Bit per second)

Combinability Remarks

SLIMPulse 0.5

ARC (gamma/resistivity)

AIM (inclination)-PWD

Retrievable

Battery powered

IMPulse 0.5 - 3 ADN4 (Neutron/density)

Combine both MWD and ARC

Turbine powered

PowerPulse 0.5 -16 All LWD tools Turbine powered

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MWD Surveying – Is it important? (1)

While Drilling......... We want to1- Control the position of wellbore versus Geological model2- React when unexpected events are encountered3- Anticipate unexpected structural events

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MiscellaneousSlot: Slot A-4 H Plan# : A4H rev9 160101Elev Ref: Platform Elevation(25.00m above MSL)Date Drawn: 06:16:00PM 30-Jan-2001

Surface LocationLat: N58 42 44.251 Lon: E1 40 5.641North: 6508932.00 m East: 422849.00 mGrid Conv: -1.1381° Scale Fact:0.9997

Magnetic ParametersModel: BGGM 2000Dip: 71.719° Mag Dec: -3.592°Date: December 22, 2000 FS: 50166.9 nT

GlitneSTRUCTURE

15/5 and 15/6 AreaFIELD

Well 13/5-6 - A-4 HWELL

-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

Default Color Main Proposal Survey

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

A-3 H Plan

2325

2300

2200

2100

2000

1900

1800

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

A-2 H Pilot Survey

21772177

2100

2000

1900

A-2 AH Survey

2100

200

0

19

00

18

00

17

00

16

00

A-1 H Survey

2100

2000

1900

1800

17

00

16

00

15

00

14

00

13

00

12

00

A4H Plan

SPIDER VIEW

Scale (1 cm = 100 m)

<<< SOUTH NORTH >>>

<<< WEST EAST >>>

6354

6355

6356

6357

6358

6359

6360

6361

6362500 600 700 800 900

TV

D (

ft)

Vertical Section (ft)

MWD Surveying – Is it important? (2)

X &Y uncertainties Z uncertainty

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3 magnetometers 3 accelerometers

MWD Surveying – D&I Package

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MWD Surveying – Affected by?

Magnetic data affected by any magnetic interferences•Bottom Hole assembly•Nearby casing•Magnetic storms

Inclinometer data affected by:•Accuracy limit•Surveying procedures

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The telemetry – Data transmission (1)

The mud pulse system

• by the Drilling MUD – MUD PULSE (positive or

negative)

– MUD SIREN

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The telemetry – Data transmission (2)

MudMud

Pressure

Time

Pressure

Time

Mud

Time

Pressure

Time

Mud

PressurePressure

Time

Positive Pulse: 1 BPS

Negative Pulse: 2 BPS

Continuous wave: 0.5 to 16 Bits Per Second

POWERPULSESchlumberger

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The telemetry – Data transmission (3)

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The telemetry – Data transmission (4)

CODING PROTOCOLE:CODING PROTOCOLE:

Typical data is 6 to12 bits per “word”

Length of one “word” depends on the number

and the complexity of the data to transmit

Usual transmission priority is MWD then LWD data

MWD+CDR+CDNFrame # 24

BitsSync/ID/Err 27gtf 8PHSF_x 10RHOS_x 10RHOL_x 10TNRA_x 10PERA_x 9ATTN_x 10gtf 8GRT_x 8tur_rpm 7PHSF_x 10RHOS_x 10RHOL_x 10TNRA_x 10gtf 8PERA_x 9CDRSK_x 2shock_I 8ATTN_x 10GRT_x 8PHSF_x 10RHOS_x 10gtf 8RHOL_x 10TNRA_x 10ATTN_x 103 bps UPDATE Secsgtf 22PHSF_x 29RHOS_x 29RHOL_x 29TNRA_x 29PERA_x 29ATTN_x 44GRT_x 44shock_I 87tur_rpm 87CDRSK_x 87

Frame # 24 : Frame # 24 :

3 bits per secondProgrammed before the job

Depends on transmission mode

Adjusted to expected ROP for optimum RT sampling rate

May be changed while drilling (depending on contractors)

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MWD – Surface acquisition

A signal Pressure transducer senses pressure differences•Sensed pressures are decoded with the Acquisition System

•MWD Engineers QC transmission and data

•Data is displayed on screen,And on paper Logs in the unit

•And potentially In Cutomer’s office

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Signal Demodulation Principles

Type of signals

– Downhole (MWD-Motor..)

– Uphole (Pumps-Rig..)

– Echoes & Reflections

– Electrical Noise

Characteristics

– Frequencies

– Attenuation

– DirectionSNR = Signal Power/Bit

Noise Power

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SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (1)

Adaptable in different collar sizes from 3 ½” to 9 ½”

Covers flow ranges between 35 and 1200 GPM

Transmission rate of 0.5 BPS

Current MWD tool in use in Noyabrsk

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SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (2)Measures:

Direction and Inclination

Toolface

Shock

Optional gamma ray

Can be combined with:

AIM (at Bit Inclination) and APWD

(Annuallar pressure) or

ARC 375, 475, 675 (multidepth resistivity and

Gamma ray

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IMPusle Tool (1)

Tool size of 4 ¾” to be run in holes between

5 ½” to 7 ¼”

Combine both MWD and ARC Services

Transmission rate between 0.5 and 3 BPS

Flow ranges between 130 to 400 GPM

Used in conjunction with PowerDrive475

RSS

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IMPusle Tool (2)

Measures:

Direction and Inclination

Toolface

Shock

Up to 10 Resistivities

Gamma ray

Can be combined with:

AIM4 (at Bit Inclination)

VPWD (Annuallar pressure)

Vision ADN4 (azimuthal density/Neutron)

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PowerPulse – MWD (1)

MWD for 73/4 in. and larger hole sizes

MWD Collar sizes between 6 ¾” and 9 ½”

Fast data update at 0.5 to 16.0 bps

Flow ranges between 275 and 1200 GPM

Measures:

Direction and Inclination

Toolface

Multiple Shocks

Gamma ray

Downhole weight on Bit

Downhole Torque

Collar RPM

Turbine RPM

Temperature

Drilling Mechanics

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PowerPulse – MWD (2)Tool Name Measurements

type

Tool size Remarks

ARC Gamma ray

Multidepth resistivity

6 ¾”, 8 ¼”, 9 ½”

2 MHz and 400 KHz propagation resistivity.

GVR (RAB) Azimuthal gamma ray

Bit resistivity

Highly focused azimuthal resistivities

6 ¾”, 8” Laterolog tool

VADN (Vision Density Neutron)

Density, Neutron, Pef, ultrasonic caliper

4 ¾”, 6 ¾”, 8”

Azimuthal capability

ISONIC Delta-t 6 ¾”, 8” Monopole SONIC tools

SMWD (seismic MWD)

Check shots 5 ¾”, 8”

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonnance)

Free water 6 ¾”

PowerPulse can be combinedWith all LWD Tools