scholarly publishing & academic resources coalition sparc europe

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SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION

SPARC EUROPE

Open Archives, Open Access and the Scholarly Communication Process

David Prosser • SPARC Europe Director([email protected])

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SPARC EUROPE AND LIBER

Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition Europe

Formed in 2002 following the success of SPARC (launched in 1998 by the US Association of Research Libraries)

Encourages partnership between libraries, academics, societies and responsible publishers

Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche (LIBER)

Principal association of the major research libraries of Europe

Plays an active role in shaping a long-term vision for the development of a European research library network

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The Global Journals Problem

Dissatisfaction with the current scholarly communication model

Even the wealthiest institution cannot purchase access to all the information that all of its researchers require

Site-licenses and consortia deals have helped, but mainly in the richest countries

Many commercial publishers charge extra for online access – so causing more pressure on budgets

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Budapest Open Access Initiative

Two complementary strategies: Self-Archiving: Scholars should be able

to deposit their refereed journal articles in open electronic archives which conform to Open Archives Initiative standards

Open-Access Journals: Journals will not charge subscriptions or fees for online access. Instead, they should look to other sources to fund peer-review and publication (e.g., publication charges)

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Disaggregated system

Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:

Disaggregated models: Allow functions to be fulfilled independently – Lower prices by increasing cost efficiency

– introduces competition throughout value chain

– forces market efficiency of individual links

ARCHIVINGPreserving research

for future use

AWARENESSAssuring

accessibility of research

CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research

REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual

priority

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How institutional repositories?


for future use

AWARENESSAssuring




priority

Institutional repositories supply basic step of initial registration

Accommodate increased volume of research output

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for future use

AWARENESSAssuring




priority

Certification necessary to validate registration Independent certification carried out by open

access journals in same way as at present – peer review is medium and business model independent!

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for future use

AWARENESSAssuring




priority

Awareness services enabled by OAI-compliance & interoperability

Search engines index the metadata harvested from federated repositories (e.g., descriptive metadata, references, certification metadata, usage information)

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for future use

AWARENESSAssuring




priority

No final answer on archiving However, disaggregation helps put librarians—

rather than journal publishers—in charge of digital archiving

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How the pieces work together

Open repositories lessen or eliminate the content monopoly of

journals.

Societies, publishers, institutions, new entrants are

service providers.

Author

Content Services

Reader

Institutional Repositories

Disciplinary Repositories

Peer-to-peerRepositories

Inte

rop

erab

ilit

y S

tan

dar

ds

Registratione.g.: by

institutions

Certificatione.g.: peer review

Awarenesse.g.: search tools, linking

Archivinge.g.: by library

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How the pieces work together

Standards ensure that information about the fulfillment of functions can travel across system, be shared by nodes.

Author

Content Services

Reader

Institutional Repositories

Disciplinary Repositories

Peer-to-peerRepositories

Inte

rop

erab

ilit

y S

tan

dar

ds

Registration

Certification

Awareness

Archiving

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Why institutional repositories?

Local & immediate Expands access to &

impact of research Increases institutional

visibility & prestige by clarifying institutional sources of research

Demonstrates institution’s value to funding sources

Global & long-term Key component in

evolving disaggregated scholarly publishing model

Part of global network of interoperable, distributed content repositories

Institutional repositories complement the existing scholarly publishing model.

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Theory Into Practice- Institutional Repositories

Eprints.org – Southampton produced software D-Space – MIT Repository, expanding to

Cambridge, UK CDSWare – CERN ARNO – Tilburg, Amsterdam, Twente

SHERPA – UK DARE – The Netherlands

SPARC Resources – (http://www.arl.org/sparc/core/index.asp?page=m0)

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Theory Into Practice- Institutional Repositories

Australian National University Universite de Montreal

Aalborg University LMU Munchen

Humboldt-Universitat Utrecht University

Lund Universitet CERN

National University of Ireland University of Bath

University of Glasgow University of Nottingham

California Digital Library Caltech

MIT Academy of Sciences, Belarus

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Theory Into Practice- Service Providers

Arc Search engine Callima Search engine citebaseSearch Search engine (with citation ranking) CYCLADES Search engine DP9 Presents OAI archives hidden in the deep

Internet iCite Citation indexing system covering physics

journals my.OAI Search engine NCSTRL Unified access to archives in computer sciences OAIster Search engine Perseus Search engine in humanities Public Knowledge Discipline-specific OAI metadata harvesting

Harvester service Scirus Elsevier Science search engine TORII Unified access to various open archives (physics

and computer Science)

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Practical issues

Impediment to formal publication? Trend for publishers to accept that online

posting is not prior publication Develop discipline-specific policies

Intellectual property issues Repository registration protects priority Retain rights to e-print No more plagiarism online than offline

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Practical issues

Perceived quality Label & differentiate types of content Reveal certification methods

Undermines existing journals? Repositories coexist with existing

publishing system

Faculty work load Put library in charge of metadata tagging,

formatting and reformatting, etc.

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Practical issues

Rewarding faculty participation Should institutions reward registration in

institutional repository? Should funding agencies reward

institutions and scholars for registration in institutional repositories?

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Next Steps – The Human Issue?

Engage support of scholarly societies. Exchange information on strategies with

other OAI providers. Identify alternative rewarding strategies. Encourage the development of open

access journals

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Current Research Information Systems

Many funding bodies maintain databases of research grants

Can these databases be integrated with institutional repositories?

Provide complete information record – from initial grant proposal through to final published papers

CRIS 2004 – Antwerp, May 13-15 http://www.eurocris.org/conferences/cris2004/index.html

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Open Access Journals

SPARC open access journal partners: Algebraic and Geometric Topology BioMed Central (published 2500+ papers) Documenta Mathematica Calif. Digital Library eScholarship Geometry & Topology Journal of Insect Science Journal of Machine Learning Research New Journal of Physics

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Open Access Journals

Two new journals from the Public Library of SciencePLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine

Indian Academy of Sciences has made their 11 journals available free online

Lund Directory of Open Access Journals (http://www.doaj.org/) – almost 500 peer-reviewed open access journals

Sabo – ‘Public Access to Science’ Act

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Create Change!

“ An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. ”

Budapest Open Access Initiative, Feb. 14, 2002

3rd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI)13-14 February 2004 CERN, SWITZERLAND

Contact SPARC Europe: [email protected]

scholarly publishing & academic resources coalition sparc europe

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