school gardens 101 · school gardens 101 ashley rulffes, ms usda agricultural marketing service...
TRANSCRIPT
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School Gardens 101
Ashley Rulffes, MS USDA Agricultural Marketing Service
Julie Skolmowski, MPH, RD, SNS USDA Food and Nutrition Service
Danielle Fleury
USDA Food and Nutrition Service
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July 16, 2014
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Learning Objectives
• Apply Good Agricultural Practices to school gardens.
• Connect school gardens to the school nutrition programs.
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Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs)
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Production Water • Monitor water sources & distribution systems • Use irrigation method that reduces risk • Test water for generic E. coli • Keep records of water management actions &
test results
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Soil Amendments If raw manure is used it is added to soil at least 2 weeks prior to planting and 120 days prior to harvest
Planting Harvest
14 Days 120 Days
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Animal Management • Monitor for domestic & wild animals in fields • Conduct field assessments prior to harvest • Train employees oHow to monitor for animal activity oProper harvest procedures
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Worker Hygiene Access to toilets & hand washing stations with running water, soap & paper towels
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Worker Hygiene • Food safety training • Instructed not to work with produce if exhibit
signs of infection (e.g., fever, diarrhea, etc.)
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Product Handling
• Surfaces that contact produce can be easily cleaned & sanitized
• Product is packed in new or sanitized containers
• Transportation vehicles are clean • Able to trace product, one step forward, one
step back
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FDA Proposed Produce Safety Regulations
Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)
• Agricultural water • Biological soil amendments • Health and hygiene • Domesticated and wild animals • Equipment, tools and buildings
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Resources
• FDA FSMA http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/default.htm • Produce Safety Alliance http://producesafetyalliance.cornell.edu/psa. • National GAPs http://www.gaps.cornell.edu/index.html • USDA GAPs http://www.ams.usda.gov\gapghp
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Applying GAPs in your School Garden
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School Garden Site Selection
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• Location should be away from: • Garbage • Utilities • Animals • Water runoff • Flooding • Septic systems
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Soil for School Garden
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• Determine soil history • Soil testing recommended for some areas • Consider purchasing commercial soil • Contact your county extension office for
assistance. Locate them online: www.nifa.usda.gov/Extension/index.html
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Protect School Garden from Animals
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Create reasonable barriers to keep wildlife/animals away from garden
• Fencing • Electrified fencing • Cages • Nets
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Materials for School Garden
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• Use on-toxic, non-leaching material Cedar, untreated pine or fir Terra cotta pots Concrete Unused livestock water troughs (drill drain holes) Burlap filled with straw Straw bale gardens
• Avoid pressure-treated lumber (especially if made prior to 2004), tires, rail road ties, old bricks with paint, plywood, etc.
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Plant Selection
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• Select non-allergenic and non-toxic plants • Known allergens should be avoided • Contact local extension agent for assistance • Minnesota Department of Agriculture:
https://www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/badplants/poisonplants.aspx
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Water for School Gardens
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• Municipal water source is safe • Test all non-municipal sources including ponds,
rain barrels or cisterns • Maintain water testing records • Use food grade containers to transport water • Use drip irrigation
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Chemical and Fertilizer Use
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• Avoid use of pesticides or herbicides • Check with local cooperative extension agent
for non-chemical pest reduction methods • www.ourwaterourworld.org
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Chemical and Fertilizer Use, cont.
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• Use according to manufacturer’s directions • Store in secure location • Restrict handling to adults only • Maintain Safety Data Sheets (SDS) • Follow OSHA requirements • Store, label, and dispose of properly
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Composting and Manure Use
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• Avoid raw or composted manure • Consider purchasing commercially prepared
compost (ask for certificate of analysis) • Store compost away from garden • Protect compost from pests, especially rodents • Compost should be in small, 2 inch pieces
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Source: Growingsafergardens.com
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Composting and Manure Use, cont.
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• Vermicompost • Add only plant products to compost • Fruit and vegetable trimmings may be used
(collected before service) • Do not use food discarded after meals (cafeteria
waste) • Locate compost away from potential
contamination
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Growing and Harvesting Produce
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• Training for students, staff, and volunteers • Liability coverage for garden staff • Signed permission slip for all student gardeners
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Growing and Harvesting Produce, cont.
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• Wash hands and practice good personal hygiene • Prior to harvest • After handling compost • After using the restroom
• Create portable handwashing station • Harvest garden regularly • Use potable water for cleaning produce
26 Source: Growingsafergardens.com
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Water for School Gardens
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Provide single use, disposable gloves for harvesters if handwashing station is not available
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Growing and Harvesting Produce, cont.
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• Use acceptable harvest containers- cleaned and sanitized
• Clean harvesting tools before and after each gardening session
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Using School Garden Produce in School Meals
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• Check local regulations • Work with school garden coordinator
–Discuss best produce options –Discuss food safety
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Using School Garden Produce in School Meals
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•Receiving Reject if unacceptable Avoid using if noticeably contaminated
•Storing •Traceability •Liability coverage
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Resources
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• USDA Produce Safety Materials www.nfsmi.org/producesafety
• Growing Safer Gardens growingsafergardens.com
• Wisconsin Compost Resource Guide http://www.cias.wisc.edu/foodservtools/6-Educate-students/school-composting.pdf
• Iowa State University school garden training http://www.safeproduce.cals.iastate.edu/elementary/
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Farm to School & the School Garden
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Local Food
Food Education
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A Key Component of Farm to School
• Provides hands-on educational opportunities for children to learn more about where food comes from
• Can integrate into science, math, language arts, health & wellness… any subject area!
• Builds bridges between food service, classroom teachers, administrators, parents, community members
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USDA Farm to School Census
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Starting a Garden Program
• Taking stock
• Getting buy-in
• Setting goals
• Seeking and securing funding
• Establishing a timeline
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Plan for Summer- Year Round Programming
• Opportunity to continue farm to school activity throughout summertime
• Important considerations:
» Maintenance
» Staffing
» Training
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Opportunities to align with the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP)
• School sponsors
» integrate garden produce into summer meals
» engaging garden-based enrichment
• Non-school sponsors
» school garden field trips
» school garden as a feeding site
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Resources • School Garden Q&As: Memo SP 32-2009 - This FNS memo clarifies that funds
from the nonprofit school food service account can be used to purchase seeds and other supplies for starting and maintaining school gardens.
• Webinar: Design Ideas for a Fun, Successful Instructional School Garden – LifeLab Director John Fisher discusses the importance of good garden design and demonstrates many garden design concepts with more than 100 photographs.
• A Step-by-Step School Garden Guide (Grow NYC) – A checklist for building community support, creating a shared vision, planning and designing the garden, securing materials and supplies, and keeping the garden growing.
• Getting Started: A Guide for Creating School Gardens as Outdoor Classrooms (Center for Ecoliteracy) – A comprehensive, step-by-step guide to starting a school garden.
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Resources
• USDA Farm to School Website www.fns.usda.gov/farmtoschool
» Resources > School Gardens
» Webinar recordings
• USDA Farm to School E-Letter https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USFNS/subscriber/new
» Latest News
» Grant Updates
» Webinar Announcements
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USDA Farm to School Regional Leads
Bob Gorman Mountain Plains
Kacie O’Brien Western
Nicole Zammit Southwest
Samantha Benjamin-Kirk
Southeast
Tegan Hagy Mid-Atlantic
Danielle Fleury Northeast
Vanessa Zajfen Midwest
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Thank You!
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Evaluate this session online.
Visit onthego.schoolnutrition.org on your cell phone’s browser.
Click the “Evaluate Your Sessions” link.
THANK YOU!
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