school of science year: first year semester: ii course ......year: second year semester: iii course:...

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School of Science

M.Sc. Life Science

Year: First Year Semester: II

Course: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Course Code: PLS201

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester

Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab

4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100

Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.

Prerequisite Student should understand the basic and advanced concepts of molecular

biology and genetic engineering

Objectives

1 To study the basic concept of Genome, Chromosome, and DNA

2 To study the DNA replication and repair mechanism

3 To study the RNA synthesis and mechanism

4 To study the protein synthesis and central role of ribosome

5 To study the genetic engineering

Unit

Number Details Hours

1

Structure of DNA, Chromosome and Genome:

Structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin,

transposons, proper segregation of chromosome, structure of eukaryotic

chromosomes; role of nuclear matrix in chromosome organization and function,

matrix binding protein, Histone protein.

12

2

DNA replication, repair and recombination:

Initiation of DNA replication, elongation and termination in prokaryotes and

eukaryotes, enzymes involved in DNA replication, DNA repairs mechanism:

photo-reactivation, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch correction, SOS repair,

Homologous and non-homologous recombination of DNA, recombination

during meiosis, site specific recombination and transposition of DNA.

12

3

RNA synthesis and processing:

Transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex,

transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation,

and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation,

structure and function of different types of RNA such as mRNA, tRNA and

rRNA, RNA transport

12

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Course Outcome

Students should able to

CO1 The basis of genome and chromosome

CO2 The DNA replication and repair mechanism

CO3 The RNA synthesis and processing

CO4 The basis of genetic code and protein synthesis

CO5 Concepts of genetic engineering

4

Genetic code: Universal genetic code, degeneracy of codons, initiation and

termination codons, wobble hypothesis, aminoacylation of tRNA and tRNA

synthetase.

RNA translation: Activation of amino acids, formation of initiation complex,

elongation and termination of translations and ribosome recycling, imitation

and elongation factors, termination of translation, translational proof-reading,

post-translational modifications, translational inhibitors, protein folding, protein

turnover and degradation.

12

5

Recombinant DNA technology, applications of recombinant DNA technology

in medicine, agriculture, veterinary sciences. DNA and RNA sequencing

methods, siRNA and siRNA technology, principle and application of gene

silencing, gene knockouts and gene therapy, gene editing, crisper-cas9 methods

for gene editing. Hybridization techniques: northern, southern and colony

hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA fingerprinting,

chromosome walking & chromosome jumping. Basic concepts of plasmids,

bacteriophages, cloning vectors, cosmid vectors. Insertion of foreign DNA into

Host cells; Transformation and Transfection methods, Introduction to

polymerase chain reactions (PCR), applications in molecular diagnostics, viral

and bacterial detection, types of PCR methods

12

Total 60

Resources

Recommended

Books

1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, by the Bruce Alberts

2. Molecular Biology the Gene by Watson

3. Principal of Biochemistry, Stryer

Reference

Books

4. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition, Bruce Alberts, published by

Garland Science.

5. Lehninger, Principal of Biochemsitry by Nelson and Cox, 7th edition.

6. Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer, 8th edition.

7. Watson J. D., Hopkins, N. H., Roberts, J. W., Steitz, J. A. and Weiner, A. M.

(1988). Molecular biology of the gene, latest edition.

8. Benjamin Lewin (1999) Genes VII, oxford University Press, Oxford.

9. Brown T A (1995) Essential molecular biology, vol. I, A practical approach,

IRL press, Oxford.

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School of Science

Subject: M.Sc Life Science

Year: Second Year Semester: III

Course: Immunology Course Code: PLS202

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-

2

CIA-

3

CIA-

4 Lab Theory Lab

4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100


Prerequisite Introduction to basic concepts and terms of immunology.

Objectives

1 To familiarize the student with the basics of immune system and its role in disease

outcome

2 To understand the cellular and molecular basis of immune responsiveness.

3 To describe the function of the immune system in both maintaining health and

contributing to disease.

4 To understand immunological response, its activation and regulation

5 To develop research oriented approach by transferring the knowledge of

immunology into applications.

Unit


1

Introduction: Overview of Immune system: History and scope of

Immunology, Types of immunity, Hematopoiesis, Cells and organs of the

immune system: primary and secondary lymphoid organs: structure and

function.

12 L

2

Generation of B cell and T cell responses: Antigens: structure and properties,

factors affecting the immunogenicity, properties of B and T- cell epitopes,

haptens, mitogens, super antigen, adjuvants Antibody: structure, properties,

types and function of antibodies, antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin;

isotypes, allotypes, and idiotypes, molecular mechanism of antibody diversity

and class switching. Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes

Cell mediated immunity and its mechanism

12 L

3

Immune Effector Mechanisms

Major histocompatibility complex: organization of MHC genes, types and

function of MHC molecules, antigen presentation, Complement system:

components, activation pathways, regulation of activation pathways and role of

complement system in immune response. Cytokines: types, structure and

functions, cytokines receptors, cytokine regulation of immune receptors.

Immune response to infectious diseases: viral infection, bacterial infection,

protozoan diseases, helminthes related diseases.

12 L

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Course Outcome


CO1 Student will be able to understand the concepts of immunology

CO2 Student will be able to understand cellular and molecular mechanism involved in immune

response

CO3 Student will be able to describe the roles of immunity for defeating diseases.

CO4 Student will be able to demonstrate a capacity for problem-solving about immune

responsiveness.

CO5 Student will be able to apply this scientific knowledge of the field for developing applications

4

The Immune System in Health and Disease

Hypersensitivity: type I, II, III and types IV hypersensitivity.

Immunodeficiency diseases: primary and secondary immunodeficiency.

Autoimmunity: organ specific autoimmune diseases, mechanism of

autoimmune diseases and therapeutic approaches.

Transplantation immunology: immunologic basis of graft rejection, clinical

manifestation of graft rejection and clinical transplantation.

Cancer immunology: tumor antigen, immune response to tumor, oncogene and

induction, cancer immunotherapy.

12 L

5

Applications of Immunology: Antigen- antibody interaction: avidity and

affinity measurements, detection of antigen- antibody interaction by

precipitation, agglutination, RIA, and ELISA, Western Blotting,

Immunofluorenscence, Flow cytometry.

Vaccines: Active and passive immunization, vaccine schedule, whole organism

vaccine, subunit vaccine, vaccine, DNA vaccine, recombinant vaccine, subunit

vaccines Hybridoma technology: murine monoclonal antibody production,

principle of selection, characterization and applications in diagnosis, therapy

and basis research. Antibody engineering: Chimeric and Humanized

monoclonal antibodies.

12 L

Total 60

Resources

Recommended

Books

Jacquelyn G. Black (2013) Microbiology: Principles and Explorations, 6th

Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,

Microbial Diversity: Form and Function in Prokaryotes,

Ridley Mark (2004). Evolution. Blackwell Science Ltd.

Breed and Buchanan. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8th

and 9th Edition, 1974.

Breed and Buchanan. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd

Edition, (Volumes. 1 – 5) (2001 – 2003).

Reference

Books

Sykes, G. and F. A. Skinner (Eds). Actinomycetales: Characteristics and

Practical Importance.

Jacquelyn G. Black (2013) Microbiology: Principles and Explorations, 6th

Edition

Lodder J. (1974). The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study, North Holland Publishing

Co. Amsterdam.

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School of Science

M.Sc. Life Science


Course: Physiology Course Code: PLS203

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100


Prerequisite To understand the plant and animal physiology

Objectives

1 To study the plant physiology and mechanism

2 To study the nitrogen metabolism and sensory photobiology

3 To study the animal physiology

4 To study the cardiovascular and respiratory system

5 To study the sense and excretory system

Unit


1

Plant Physiology: Photosynthesis-Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms

of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and

CAM pathways.

Respiration and photorespiration-Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial

electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory

pathway.

10 L

2

Nitrogen metabolism - Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid

biosynthesis, Plant hormones – Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and

transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Sensory

photobiology - Structure, function and mechanisms of action of

phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement;

photoperiodism and biological clocks

6L

3

Animal physiology: Digestive system - Digestion, absorption, energy

balance, BMR. Endocrinology and reproduction - Endocrine glands, basic

mechanism of hormone action, hormones and diseases; reproductive

processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation, Blood and

circulation - Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma

function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups,

haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis.

12 L

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4

Cardiovascular System-Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic

heart, specialized tissue, ECG- its principle and significance, cardiac cycle,

heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above.

Respiratory system - Comparison of respiration in different species,

anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste

elimination, neural and chemical regulation of respiration, Nervous system -

Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord,

central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and

posture.

12 L

5

Sense organs - Vision, hearing and tactile response

Excretory system - Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine

formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of

water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base

balance. Thermoregulation - Comfort zone, body temperature – physical,

chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization.

12

Total 60

Course Outcome


CO1 Understand the plant photosynthesis and respiration

CO2 Understand the nitrogen metabolism and Sensory photobiology

CO3 To understand the animal physiology

CO4 Understand the cardiovascular and respiratory system

CO5 Understand the sense, excretory system and thermoregulation

Resources

Recommended

Books

1. Fundamentals of plant physiology by V.K.Jain

2. Essential of animal physiology 4th edition SC Rastogi

Reference Books

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School of Science

M.Sc. Life Science


Course: Evolution and Behavior Course Code: PLS204

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100


Prerequisite To study the human evolution and behaviour

Objectives

1 To understand the evolution of life.

2 To understand the evolutionary history.

3 To understand the gene evolution

4 To understand the behaviour and evolution

Unit


1 Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation,

adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of

mutations; the evolutionary synthesis.

Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules;

abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and

Haldane; experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes; origin

of eukaryotic cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism,

photosynthesis and aerobic metabolism.

12 L

2 Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods

and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and

multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals; stages in primate

evolution including Homo.

12 L

3 Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and

molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification;

protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins; gene

duplication and divergence.

12 L

4

The Mechanisms: Population genetics – populations, gene pool, gene frequency;

Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through

natural selection, migration and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation and

modifications; isolating mechanisms; speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity;

convergent evolution; sexual selection; co-evolution.

12 L

5 Brain, Behavior and Evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behavior;

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proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin

selection, reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep

and arousal; biological clocks; development of behavior; social communication;

social dominance; use of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental

investment and reproductive success; parental care; aggressive behavior; habitat

selection and optimality in foraging; migration, orientation and navigation;

domestication and behavioural changes.

12 L

Total 60

Course Outcome


CO1 Students will understand the evolution of life.

CO2 Students will understand the evolutionary history.

CO3 Students will understand the gene evolution

CO4 Students will understand the behaviour and evolution

Resources

Recommended

Books

1) Evolution and Human Behavior John Cartwright

2) Evolution and Human Behavior: Darwinian Perspectives on Human

Nature, 2nd edition

Reference Books

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School of Science

M.Sc. Life Science


Course: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering and

Immunology Laboratory

Course Code: PLS211

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


o 0 4 4 - - - - 50 - 50 100


Objectives

1 To Study the genetic material (DNA/RNA) isolation and characterization

2 To Study the different stages of cell division

3 To Study the basic and advanced concepts of Immunology

Sr.

No. Description

1 Isolation and characterization of DNA

2 Isolation and characterization of DNA

3 Isolation of Plasmids

4 Extraction of DNA using Agarose gel electrophoresis

5 To perform restriction digestion of DNA with EcoR I enzymes or any other source of

enzymes

6 To amplify a given region of DNA (region of interest) using polymerase chain reactions

7 Isolation and estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine (DPA) method

8 Isolation and estimation of RNA by Orcinol method

9 Calcium chloride mediated transformation

10 Study of divisional stages in Mitosis

11 Determination of phagocytic index 12 ABO blood grouping

13 Immuno-diffusion method

14 Immunoelectrophoresis technique

15 Serological test- Widal test for titre determination

16 ELISA for detection of antigen and antibodies./ dot ELISA

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Term Work:

Term Work assessment shall be conducted for the Project, Tutorials and Seminar. Term work is

continuous assessment based on attendance, good laboratory practice (GPL), timely completion,

journal/record book, oral/viva, respectively. It should be assessed by course teacher of the institute. At

the end of the semester, the final grade for a Term Work shall be assigned based on the performance of

the student and is to be submitted to the University.

Notes

1 The regular attendance of the students during semester for practical course will be monitored and

marks will be given accordingly (10 Marks).

2 Good Laboratory Practices (10 Marks)

3 Timely Completion (10 Marks)

4 Journal / Record Book (10 Marks)

5 Oral / Viva (10 Marks)

Practical/Oral/Presentation:

Practical/Oral/Presentation shall be conducted and assessed jointly by at least a pair of examiners

appointed as internal and external examiners by the University. The examiners will prepare the

mark/grade sheet in the format as specified by the University, authenticate and seal it. Sealed envelope

shall be submitted to the head of the department or authorized person.

Notes

1 One experiment from the regular practical syllabus will be conducted (40 Marks).

2 Oral/Viva-voce (10 Marks).

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School of Science

M.Sc. Microbiology

Year: Second Year Semester: II

Course: Physiology and Evolution and Behavior Laboratory Course Code: PLS212

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


0 0 4 2 - - - - 50 - 50 100

Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) – 3 Hrs.

Objectives

1 To study the plant physiology

2 To study the animal physiology

3

4

Sr. No. Description

1 Determination of bleeding time & clotting time of human blood.

2 Denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis.

3 Purification of RNA from bacterial cells.

4 Quantitation of RNA and agarose gel electrophoresis.

5 Demonstration of plasmid DNA in E. coli.

6 Transformation of E.coli with plasmid DNA.

7 Purification of plasmid DNA.

8 Estimation of soluble proteins in germinating and non-germinating seeds by Lowry/

Bradford’s method 2P

9 . Estimation of ascorbic acid in ripe and unripe fruits 1P

10 Effect of substrate concentration and pH on enzyme activity

11 Separation and measurement of flavonoids using chromatography

12 Bioassay of Cytokinin concentration using test system of greening of cotyledons

13 Estimation of ascorbic acid in ripe and unripe fruits

14 Measurement of respiration and photosynthetic rates using oxygen electrode

(demonstration)

15 Estimation of total amino acids in germinating and non- germinating seeds

16 Studies on induction of amylase activity by GA3 in germinating cereal grains

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Term Work:

Term Work assessment shall be conducted for the Project, Tutorials and Seminar. Term work is

continuous assessment based on Attendance, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Timely

Completion, Journal/Record book and Oral. It should be assessed by subject teacher of the

institute. At the end of the semester, the final grade for a Term Work shall be assigned based on

the performance of the student and is to be submitted to the University.

Notes

1 The regular attendance of the students during semester for practical course will be monitored and

marks will be given accordingly (10 Marks).

2 Good Laboratory Practices (10 Marks)

3 Timely Completion (10 Marks)

4 Journal / Record Book (10 Marks)

5 Oral / Viva (10 Marks)

Practical/Oral/Presentation:

Practical/Oral/Presentation shall be conducted and assessed jointly by at least a pair of examiners

appointed as internal and external examiners by the University. The examiners will prepare the

mark/grade sheet in the format as specified by the University, authenticate and seal it. Sealed envelope

shall be submitted to the head of the department or authorized person.

Notes

1 One experiment from the regular practical syllabus will be conducted (40 Marks).

2 Oral/Viva-voce (10 Marks).

school of science year: first year semester: ii course ......year: second year semester: iii course:...

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