school transport

5/19/2018 School transport

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UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBIMASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL

ENGINEERINGCE 460

SCHOOL TRANSPORTGUIDELINESNANCY ABIRA

SUPERVISOR: PROF O. O. MBECHE


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DEFINITIONS

Guidelie!: Recommended practices that theschool undertake to meet the transport safetystandards suggested

Le"#e#: A child et!een " and #$ years

enrolled in a school% S$"d"#d: The le&el of 'uality achie&ement in

relation to a School Transport Safety component% %HO: (orld )ealth Organisation

NTSA: National Transport and Safety Authority NHTSA: National )igh!ay Tra*c Administration

+,SA- RTI: Road Tra*c In.uries


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INTROD,/TION

/hildren are not little adults%They are &ulnerale group of road users%They are less ale to .udge danger0 cross

roads0 their attention span is less0 prone torunning0 and ha&e poorer perception thanadults

School transportation system should e

forgi&ing of human error and minimise le&elof unsafe user eha&iour /hildren !ill e fallile and make mistakes0

ut designers must ensure they are notpenalised !ith death or serious in.uries%


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INTROD,/TION CONTD

In 1enya0 formal primary and secondaryschool egin at year 2&e and end at yeareighteen of child life%

3ost schools in 1enya are day schools% )ence on a&erage a 1enyan child is

e4posed to tra*c t!ice daily for aminimum of t!el&e +#5- years%

6roper planning and layout of guidelinesin school transportation should then emade a priority%


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6RO78E3 STATE3ENT

In 5990 1enya !as rated 2fth in roadcarnage !orld!ide%

#%#; deaths occur !orld!ide annually%

;9< of deaths are in de&elopingcountries

Out of #990999 &ehicles0=9 are in&ol&edin fatal accidents in 1enya0 South Africa

5"9 !hile ,1 59% "=< of deaths in&ol&e pedestrians0>9< of

such deaths eing children%Statistics from 1enya Roads 7oard%


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6RO78E3 STATE3ENT /ONT?D

The trend has o&er the years !orsened 8atest statistics sho! that $9< of

pedestrian related fatalities are of school

going children% +NTSA0 59#@-


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A&&ide$! I'(l'i) S&*((l Bu!e!

Friday0 #5thuly 59#>: > uses impoundedin Nyahururu for o&erloading y 5"0 #;

and #5 e4tra students+The 1enya Daily6ost059#>- Friday0 5"thApril0 59#>: @ students of

Namale School con2rmed dead !hen

the dri&er of the school us attempted too&ertake and hit a lorry +,Alert Team059#>-

Thursday0 #>thune0 59#>: t!o students

adly in.ured in t!o separate accidents in


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S/)OO8 TRANS6ORTATION ON7,SES AND BANS

School children using toschool +Share Africa-

8earners on a &an to school in1enya +S1// !esite-


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A&&ide$! i'(l'i) C*ild#ePede!$#i"!

Tuesday0 ;thanuary0 59#>: @ children

killed and one in.ured y a speeding car%/hildren !ere !aiting to cross the roadon their !ay home+The star0 59#>-

Friday0 95nd3arch0 59#5: Nine primary

school children died and forty in.ured!hen hit y a lorry !hile crossing theroad% /hildren !ere shouting and singing+Daily Nation0 59#5-


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S/)OO8 TRANS6ORTATION 7C(A81IN

School children !alking home from

school in 1ericho

School children !alking along

the rail!ay track in 1iera+77/ Ne!s0 59#>-


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A&&ide$! I'(l'i) M($(#&+&le!

3otorcycles account for o&er ;9< ne!&ehicles registered e&ery year +()O0

loal Status Report0 59#>- In Thika district0 =@ school children !ere

killed and #"= in.ured in 59#5 inaccidents in&ol&ing motorcyclists and

motorists +1enya Tra*c 6oliceDepartment statistics-


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S/)OO8 TRANS6ORTATION ON3OTOR/C/8ES

Coung school children on pulic ser&ice motorcycles taking a school trip +Daily Nation-


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RESEAR/) ',ESTIONS

The study seeks to address the follo!ing: (hat is the current le&el of school

transport safety in 1enya%

(hat policies and guidelines are currentlya&ailale in 1enya to go&ern the schooltransportation system

Are the policies adeuate


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6,R6OSE OF ST,DC

Outline current situation regarding schooltransport guidelines and policies

Identify e4isting gaps if any

6ropose etter policy positions in relationto school transportation


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,STIFI/ATION OF ST,DC

/hildren are the ackone of the economy%There is need to accommodate the rolethey play% The study oers opportunity topolicy makers to employ est !ays tosafeguard children%

RTIs are ma.or health concern% They place

hea&y urden on health ser&ices andeconomies% It costs some de&elopingcountries as much as #G5< of their N6%+()O0 Road Safety 3anual for Decision3akers and 6ractitioners-


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8I3ITATION OF ST,DC

Slight ias to uran areasThis study does not co&er school tra&el y

aircraft0 train0 pri&ate cars0 oats and

canoes%This study does not recognise

organisations or societies +!hich are notschools- ut pro&ide school

transportation%


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8ITERAT,RE REBIE(

School transportation takes place under&arious circumstances0 and inHuenced yse&eral factors%

School transportation can e di&ided int!o types

to and fromJ K to school and ack

point to pointJ K to educational acti&ities

and programs School transport can e undertaken y

learners themsel&es +!alking and cycling-or organised collecti&ely


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3ODES OF TRANS6ORTATION

7uses: Specially designated school uses orpulic transport uses

6arental dri&ing of learners to school: 7ecomingpopular !ith the percei&ed haLard to pulic

school transport% Not further discussed in thisstudy

3otorcycles: aining popularity in de&elopingcountries

/ycling and !alking: healthiest mode0 ho!e&ersuitale for short trips% In 1enya0 associated!ith lo! income earners%

Bu!e! "#e !",e# $*" &"#!- e'e *e $*e+"#e ($ /$$ed i$* !e"$ el$! 1NTSB- USA2


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8ITERAT,RE REBIE( /ONT?D

P#e'i(u! S$"d"#d! "d Guidelie!%

3. S&*((l S",e$+ S$"d"#d M"u"lMii!$#+ (, Edu&"$i(- 500

.

i&es guidelines on pedestrian safety0 icyclesafety0 safety in pulic transportation0 andguidelines for schools !ith transport ser&ices

.Should e re&ie!ed to take care ofmotorcycle transportation0 gi&e guidelines on&ehicle conditions0 dri&er reuirements anden&ironmental conditions around schools%


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6REBIO,S STANDARDS AND,IDE8INES /ONT?D

5% T#"7& 1A8ed8e$2 Bill- 5034 /urrent legislation0 Tra*c Act /A6 @9>

does not address the aspects of child

safetyThe ill seeks to amend Section @5 and

insert a ne! section #9= of /A6 @9>% It pro&ides road safety measures for

protecting school children and to pro&ideenforcement mechanisms


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6REBIO,S ,IDE8INES /ONT?D

T#"7& 1A8ed8e$2 Bill- 5034

3easures Introduced

All school &ehicles to comply !ith set safety

standards Behicles transporting children e painted

yello!

Speed limits around schools%

Behicle calming de&ices around schools Statutory penalties for dri&ers e4ceeding

speed limits +#90999G 5=0999-


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T#"!9(#$ 1A8ed8e$2 Bill- 5034

Responsiility of safe school tra&el

#% )igh!ay authority or /ounty

o&ernment5% O!ner0 manager or teacher of a school

!ho pro&ide school transport

>% Dri&er

The ill also makes it an oense to use0cause or permit to e used a &ehicle !henits condition in&ol&es a danger or in.ury toany person


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. Edu&"$i( A&$- ;e+" < P"#$ 1=2

The Act permits +ut does not reuireMmandate- schools or local authority to

pro&ide free or susidised school transport /ainet Secretary may pro&ide transport

to pupils +in !hole or part- or pro&idemonies in relation to school

transportation%Despite e4istence of ao&e standards andla!s0 safety of school tra&el in 1enyaremains a thorny issue%


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S/)OO8 TRANS6ORT INNET)ER8ANDS

Road safety has impro&ed more for childrenthan any other population% From #59 deaths to>= deaths annually +>%>< reduction-

This is due to: Infrastructure: increase in >9kmMh Lones0 tra*c

separation0 greater numer of roundaouts%Safety de&ices: child restrain seats+599@-0 non

use of child seat elts reduced from 5=< to

#9< in 599"Education: 7est kno!n !ay of impro&ing safety%Behicle design: car fronts made safer0

introduction of eco friendly yello! us


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S/)OO8 TRANS6ORT INNET)ER8ANDS /ONT?D

The Dutch 7icycle 7us +Smart planet0 3arch "th 59#5-


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S/)OO8 TRANS6ORT IN T)E ,SA

School uses are the primary means oftransport

/hildren of =G#@ years ha&e the lo!est

fatality rates and children under = yearsthe lo!est in.ury rate +N)TSA0 ,S Dept%of administration0 No&emer 59#>-

School uses are the safest form of

transportation% Only " children die inschool us crashes annually%

School uses are se&en times safer thanpassenger cars%


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RESEAR/) 3ET)ODO8OC

Data sources

P#i8"#+ d"$"

Direct oser&ation

Inter&ie!ingSe&(d"#+ d"$"

8iterature re&ie! of e4isting !orks

,ni&ersity lirary Internet Barious !esites o&ernment documents


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DIS/,SSION

The Schools Safety Standard 3anual0stipulates clearly the guidelines necessaryto ensure safety in school transport

3anual has gaps as earlier discussed1enya eing a de&eloping country0 its anstep for!ard in the right direction

The Tra*c +Amendment- 7ill0 59#@ is also

another ig stride K sho!s o&ernmentcommitment

P"#"8e$e# C(u$#ie!


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C(u$#ie! i$* ,uded "$i("l !$#"$e)+

$*"$ !e$! $"#)e$! ,(# #edu&$i( (, de"$*!

> i?u#ie!

7urkina Faso0 /entral African Repulic0 /te

dI&oire0 Euatorial

C(u$#ie! i$* "$i("l 9(li&ie! $(!e9"#"$e #("d u!e#! "! " "+ (,

9#($e&$i) 'ule#"le #("d u!e#!

uinea0 hana0 1enya0 8esotho0 3auritania3auritius0 Namiia0 R!anda0 Qamia0 1enya

C(u$#ie! i$* "$i("l 9(li&ie! $(

!e9"#"$e #("d u!e#! "! " "+ (,

9#($e&$i) 'ule#"le #("d u!e#!

7enin0 7urkina Faso0 /ameroon0 Ethiopia0

3ala!i0 3ali0 Namiia0 South Africa0 TanLania0

Qima!e

C(u$#ie! i$* "$i("l !9eed li8i$! (

u#" #("d! le!! $*" (# eu"l $(

08* AND "ll( l(&"l "u$*(#i$ie! $(

#edu&e $*e!e

7enin0 7urkina Faso0 /ape Berde0 Euatorial

uinea0 1enya0 3adagascar0 3ali0 Niger0

Nigeria0 R!anda0 Senegal

A "$i("l d#id#i'i) l" "!ed (Bl((d Al&(*(l C(&e$#"$i( 1BAC- "d

*e#e $*e BAC li8i$ ,(# $*e )ee#"l

9(9ul"$i( i! 0.0 )dl.

7enin0 DR/0 Euatorial uinea0 8ieria03ali0 3auritius0 Nigeria0 South Africa0 1enya0

S!aLiland

A "$i("l 8($(#&+&le *el8e$ l" $*"$

&('e#! "ll #ide#!- ( "ll #("d! "d "lle)ie $+9e!- "d #eui#e! "

7ots!ana0 7urkina Faso0 /entral African

Repulic0 Euatorial uinea0 Ethiopia0uineaG7issau0 1enya0 8esotho0 3adagascar0S$"$e (, P(li&ie! i A,#i&" C(u$#ie! loal Status Report


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RE/O33ENDATIONS

This study recommends a re&ie! of theSchool Safety Standard 3anualG 599$%

The guidelines are segregated

depending on the modal choice#% Le"#e# Pede!$#i" S",e$+(alk in direction of oncoming tra*c

Oey tra*c lights/ross road only at designated places(ear right clothing or reHector ag0

carry a Hashlight !hen it is dark%


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RE/O33ENDATION /ONT?D

S",e$+ (, Le"#e# ( Puli& T#"!9(#$Ve*i&le!

Not accept lifts in &ehicles of strangers

Fasten seat elts !hen in a &ehicle Not oard or alight from a mo&ing &ehicle A&oid oarding &ehicles !ith loud music Desist from sticking out head or hands

from a &ehicle


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Bi&+&le S",e$+

Ride !ith one hand on the handle and notcarry ooks in hand

Ride in same direction as tra*c Ho! Follo! regular routes to and from school Ride in a straight line0 al!ays use a ell

or horn to signal other dri&ers (ear helmet and reHecti&e clothing all

times


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S",e$+ ( M($(#&+&le!

Applied in con.unction !ith the NTSAOperation of the 3otorcycles0 59#@

Secured !ith retention eltsShort .ourneysG short attention spans8earner should not ha&e hand luggage

Rider should not carry any luggageNear school0 speeds should not e4ceed=kmMh

Rider to undergo ad&anced training


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S&*((l! i$* T#"!9(#$ Ve*i&le!

/omprehensi&e insurance and regular ser&ice Fitted !ith appropriate seats0 seatelts and

car restraints E&ery &ehicle must ha&e an assistant on

oard Speed limit around the school e =kmMh

6arents should gi&e consent in !riting eforepoint to pointJ trip 1eep a register !hen parents pick their

children


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3AIN SAFETC ISS,ES

D#i'e#

Initial and periodic assessments 3edical 2tness

Dri&e for limited periods Accompanied y an escort Not handle moile phone0 e&en if its

hands free Recei&e practical dri&er training


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3AIN SAFETC ISS,ES /ONT?D

Ve*i&le C(di$i(

Should ha&e child restraints esides seatelts

Seat elts should e of three pointsystem

Installed !ith IS tracking de&ice Name address and phone numer of

ser&ice pro&ider or of the school


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3AIN SAFETC ISS,ES /ONT?D

E'i#(8e$"l C(di$i(!

Super&isorsMassistants !hile crossingthe road

Adeuate icycle parking +# for e&ery> learners-

/ounty o&ts must &et and appro&ene! school sites

Split campuses should e a&oidedSite locations for schools Kconnecti&ity

to surrounding residential catchment%


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Some of the safety uidelines proposed y the author of the study+()O0 59#>-


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REFEREN/ES


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REFEREN/ES /ONT?D


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T)E END

school transport

Documents