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Dear Colleague,This edition is packed full ofinformation, advice and news tohelp support you and your school. This term’s Special Feature is Alcohol.

SPECIAL FEATURE

Alcohol awareness is a key issuewithin the AWSLCP.Research shows that the earlier achild starts drinking the higher hisor her risk of serious Alcohol-related problems later in life. During adolescence thebrain is still growing –there are parts thatwill not be fullydeveloped untilindividuals are intheir early 20s. The part of the brainthat is involved in

planning and judgment matureslate, as does the part relating tolong-term memory and learning. By drinking, young people couldprevent these parts of the braindeveloping properly.Young people are generallysmaller and weigh less than

adults, so Alcohol is moreconcentrated in their

bodies and they feelthe effects of Alcoholmore quickly and forlonger. They may alsobe less able to judgeor control theamount they aredrinking.

Alcohol

Contents...Special feature...Alcohol ..........................................................................................2-5Families Affected By Imprisonment ............................................6-7Drug In The Spotlight – Cannabis Oil ..........................................8-9Live Streaming..........................................................................10-11Schools and Schoolbeat ...............................................................12

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Government guidanceabout drinking states there is no ‘zero risk’ way to drink alcohol.

Think Units!Recommendeddaily guidelines forADULTS state thatmen and womenshould not drinkmore than 3–4 unitsin any one day and no more than14 units a week.Units are sometimes hard tounderstand as people don’t drinkin units, they drink by the glass.Drinking more than therecommended unitguidelines increases therisk of damage tohealth. Risks includecancer, heartdisease and stroke.

Alcoholrelated problemsThe consumption of Alcohol inWales is a cause of many health problems:• Recent figures show that

Alcohol is a major cause ofdeath and illness in Wales witharound 1500 or 1 in 20 of alldeaths attributable to Alcoholeach year.

• The harmful use of Alcoholranks among the top five riskfactors for disease, disabilityand death.

• People who drink regularly overa long period of time may getliver disease. There are recordsof 25 year-olds dying fromCirrhosis.

• Some people who really overdoit may end up in a coma.

• Approximately 20% of alladmissions to A&E are linked to drinking and 22% ofaccidental deaths are Alcoholrelated in the UK.

• Of the 777 deaths from Alcohol inWales, liver disease and Cancerwere the most common causes.

• Drinking in children and youngpeople remains a particularconcern with 1 in 6 boys and 1 in 7 girls aged 11-16 drinkingAlcohol at least once a week.

By far the most common risk is having an accident.

• Alcohol affects your co-ordination, balance and judgement.

• Many people every year end up with facial injuriesor broken bones – or occasionally - serious disabilities.

• Around 400 young people under18 are admitted to hospital forAlcohol-specific conditions.

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AND DRINK HEAVILYAT WEEKENDS.

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HA&E

There is also a clear and consistentrelationship between the amount ofAlcohol consumed and HARM.Alcohol is 5th highest risk factor for years of life lost in Wales and is4th highest risk factor for disability-adjusted life years in Wales.Jo Charles, Public Health Wales 2018

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Alcohol and the LawDrinking AlcoholIt is illegal to sell Alcohol to anyoneunder the age of 18. It is also illegalfor adults to attempt to buy Alcoholfor anyone under the age of 18.

At home It is illegal for children under 5 to drink Alcohol at home. Above this age, children musthave parental permission to drink Alcohol at home.

In a pub1 Under 14s can only go in pubs

that allow children to enter withan adult but they must stay inthe garden or family room. They cannot drink Alcohol!

2 Under 16s can only enter a pub with an adult. They cannotdrink Alcohol!

3 16 or 17 year olds can enter apub with an adult and the adultcan buy them a drink (notspirits) to have with a meal.

Drinking in public placesOnly people over 18 candrink in public. Police canconfiscate Alcohol thatis being drunk by under18s in public.Drink DrivingIn the UK, the Alcohol limit fordrivers is 80mg of Alcohol per100ml of blood. Anyone caughtover the Alcohol limit whendriving will be banned fromdriving for at least 12 months, and fined up to £5,000.You can also be sent to prison for up to 6 months.If caught drink driving more thanonce in a 10 year period, you willbe banned for at least 3 years.Drunk and DisorderlyThere are also laws about beingdrunk and disorderly in public places.If arrested offenders are usuallyissued with a fixed penalty for £80.Offenders can also be sent tocourt where they could face a fineof up to £5000.

18+

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Alcohol and ACEsHigh riskdrinking hasbeen identifiedas a key AdverseChildhoodExperiences(ACE) indicator in ACE research.Compared withpeople with no ACEs, thosewith 4+ ACEs are 4 times morelikely to be high risk drinkers.The impact of ACEs can bemitigated. Access to a trusted,always available adult isespecially key.Individuals with 4+ ACES andwithout an available adult are30% more likely to engage inweekly heavy drinking -comparedwith individuals with 4+ ACEswho had a supportive adult. All our SchoolBeat inputsencourage the development ofresilience and encourage pupils to name the trusted adults theycan turn to for help and support. Our SchoolBeat Officers arealways one good example! For more information, visitwww.wales.nhs.ukThe ACE Support Hubacts as a network and centre forbringing together tools, guidance,best practice etc. to reduce ACEsin Wales and minimise their impact.For more information visitwww.publichealthnetwork.cymru

AWSLCP Inputs aboutAlcoholLKS2 Sinister SubstancesAn animated story about ‘SinisterSubstances’ helps pupils improve

their knowledge of Tobacco,Alcohol and Solvents.UKS2 So! Wat’s the Problem?Pupils discover the harmful

effects of misusing Alcoholand Solvents. A DVD clipstimulates discussion about

anti-social behaviour, bingedrinking and its effects on thecommunity. Information is givenon where to go for help.KS3 Alcohol - Thinking aboutDrinking! A board game and shortfilm challenge the pupils’knowledge of Alcohol and the lawand the ways in which Alcoholcan affect behaviour. Pupils aregiven positive safety messagesand guidance with informationabout helplines.KS4 Alcohol - Double Trouble!Emotive DVD clips encouragepupils to consider the effects andconsequences of Alcohol misuse.Pupils then consider how toreduce the risk to their personalsafety and are offered guidanceon where to go for help.ASSEMBLIES:1 STOP: Start Thinking Of the

Problem (KS2)2 DARK: Drink Abuse: What you

Really need to Know (KS3)3 Night Out: Risky Business (KS3)All available onSchoolBeat.cymru

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A ‘Hidden’ Group7% of children experience a parentbeing imprisoned during theirschool years. In total an estimated200,000 children in England andWales have a parent in prison.Compared to their peers, thesechildren face significant pressuresand emotional upheaval. • They tend to feel isolated

in school.• They have a greater likelihood

of poor outcomes, and offacing impoverished anddamaging lives.

• Families, generally, are morelikely to experience poverty and debt and feel stigmatisedin their communities.

There is little awareness of thespecific needs of these children

and no systematic support. Such uncertainty means that theservices and support that theycould benefit from, are often notavailable to them. They are also unlikely to revealthemselves for fear of socialstigma and bullying and so remainhidden from local services.Some of the children of thoseimprisoned are at risk ofbecoming offenders themselves.

Intergenerationaloffending A landmark study found that 65%of boys who had a father in custodygo on to offend themselves.The imprisonment of a motheralso has lasting consequences forchildren. Only 5% of children witha mother in prison remain in theirown home causing furtherinstability and trauma.

FAMILIES AFFECTED BY IMPRISONMENTHow Does Having a Family Member

in Prison Affect Children and Families?

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The ImpactChildren with a parent in prison:

• are twice as likely to experience behavioural andmental health problems.

• are less likely to do well atschool and more likely to be excluded.

• are three times more likely to be a perpetrator or victim ofdomestic violence.

• are four times more likely tobecome dependent on drugs;and cost the public purse tentimes more by the age of two.

Parental Incarceration as aSignificant Adverse ChildhoodExperience (ACE)Parental incarceration has beenclassed as one of the 11 AdverseChildhood Experiences (ACEs)identified amongst the Welshadult population by Public HealthWales (2018)As collective childhood stressors,ACEs can create long-term harmaffecting mental, physical andsocial wellbeing. The first two years, includingpregnancy (or the First 1000Days) are particularly key in achild’s development. If an individual has experienced 4 or more ACEs, the research has found that he/she is 20 timesmore likely to be imprisoned.Adaptation from the LinkNewsletter, January 2018.

Help Available

“No child should bepunished because theirparent is in prison.”Barnardo’s 2018

In England and Wales theNational Information Centre onChildren of Offenders (NICCO)provides an information andsupport service for allprofessionals who come intocontact with the children andfamilies of offenders.

What is Cannabis oil?Cannabis oil is an extract from the cannabis plant. Is Cannabis oil legal?Cannabis oil is illegal to possess,supply or use. Only certain low-concentrateversions of the oil are legal andavailable to buy in the UK.Why do people take it?At the end of 2017, a WorldHealth Organisation reportrevealed that it may help tosuccessfully treat symptoms ofAlzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’sDisease, MS, pain, anxiety,depression, cancer and diabeticcomplications.

Research has argued it can:

• reduce pain• help reduce side effects

to chemotherapy in cancer patients

• reduce muscle spasms• help reduce ocular pressure

in glaucoma patients• lower blood pressure• relieve symptoms of asthma,

constipation, depression,epilepsy and insomnia.

It’s important to stress, however,that while studies have looked intothese diseases and conditionsand the impact Cannabis oil hason them there has been no overallstudy to conclude that Cannabisoil is a suitable alternative toprescribed medicines. How is it different from illegal Cannabis?

• Marijuana is the breed ofCannabis that containsTetraHydroCannabinol (THC).

• This is the chemical thatproduces psychotropic effectsthat get people high.

• Hemp is also a breed ofCannabis - but it’s bred without THC. It’s rich inCannaBiDiol (CBD) which is thenon-psychoactive componentof Cannabis sativa.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease

MS

Pain

Anxiety

Depression

Cancer

Diabetic complications8

In the Spotlight:

Cannabis Oil

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Cannabis oil does not produce a high. Cannabis oil contains highlevels of CBD and low THC, so it's seen as medicinal.

Is it safe?Since November the 1st 2018,patients in the UK can beprescribed what is known asmedicinal Cannabis, if it is agreedby medical consultants.

Consultants have been given theoption to prescribe productscontaining Cannabis, Cannabisresin or CBD, if they feel theirpatients could benefit from it.Dr. Andrew Thornber, ChiefMedical Officer at NowHealthcare Group has issued this advice:

“While there has been someresearch to link Cannabis oilto improved health benefits

for people with certainailments, this should betreated with caution.”

He also went on to say:

“The individual needs of thepatient vary and what

works for one person may not work for another.

CBD is not classed as anofficial medication.”

The law changed to recogniseCBD as a medicine. This is downto scientific studies into its use. In a nutshell CBD oil is now legalin the UK.CBD oil use, however,should be treated withcaution according toDoctors. As the oil isn’tprescribed by a GP orPharmacist at present,people may choose to self–medicate. They could be puttingthemselves at risk of harm from unregulatedonline sellers orothers.The public should bewary of all untestedproducts.

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LIVEStreaming

“Live streaming is highly appealing tochildren and young people as itpresents a chance for them to be acreator or presenter of content and beseen by a potentially huge audience.”

Marie Smith, Head of Education, CEOP

What are the risks to children?• Live streaming apps allow

others to follow and viewchildren – Privacy settingsalways need to be checked.

• Live streaming happens in the moment – Children riskdoing or sharing too much.

• Live broadcasting in a privatespace - This can exacerbate a child’s vulnerability.

• Reduced inhibitions – childrenmay behave differently online.

• Dependent on age, childrenwill need different levels ofsupport – Being alone canexpose children to adults withcriminal intentions.

• Tactics such as trickery and flattery – Some adultsmanipulate children throughcompliments and rewards.Children can find themselvesundressing or behaving in asexual manner.

The Internet Watch Foundation(IWF) data has found that a littleover a third (38%) of reports tothe organisation on child sexualabuse online were now what istermed as ‘self-produced’. This term refers to a scenariowhere the child is alone, or withother children and is persuadedor groomed into taking images or videos of child sexual abuseand then to share them.The IWF’s Online Child SexualExploitation: Examining theDistribution of Captures of Live-streamed Child Sexual Abuseresearch found that:

• 96% of victims were girls.• 96% showed a child on their

own, in a home environment.• 98% of images found were

of children aged 13 and under.• 28% were aged 10 or under.• The youngest child was aged

just three years old.

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#LiveSkills Teacher Resources@www.thinkyouknow.co.uk#LiveSkills is a package ofresources focusing on livestreaming for primary andsecondary aged pupils. #LiveSkills explores the nuancedfeatures and specific risks tochildren and young people.#LiveSkills covers:• Self-esteem for 8-11 year olds• Positive and negative attention

for 8-11 year olds• Charlie’s story - Case study

for 13+ year olds• Article focusing on identifying

and responding safely topressure online - 11-13 and14+ year olds

• A 30 min presentation forparents/carers explaining live streaming

• All resources are designed tobe delivered by professionalsworking directly with childrenand young people.

Free support to members of thechildren’s workforce in the UKwith an online safety concern.

SafeguardingRead up on the app or platform to learn how to use the app safety.Check privacy settings to ensure that only friends andfollowers are selected.Switch off GEO location on theapp, device or platform. Parents are advised to follow or friend their child’s account to support and safeguard.Encourage children to thinkcritically about what they share.

Helping Children and Young People

‘Live Stream and Vlogg Safely’

Live streaming is increasingly becoming one of the most popularonline activities for children and young people. Apps such asMusical.ly, Live.me, Periscope and YouNow are all soaring inpopularity, and other well established apps such as Facebook areadding live streaming functions.

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Listening to children and young people is an essential part of our roleand the unique relationship our SchoolBeat Officers have with schoolsis invaluable. Children and young people in schools across Wales are enabled to:

• Make informed decisions about their behaviour• Have positive relationships with Police Officers• Stay safe• Build personal resilience• Get help and advice from support agencies and services.

We would like to extend a special thank you to the following schoolswho’ve been eager and willing to support us with various events andcampaigns during the year.

Schools and

SchoolBeat

Thanks to St. Mary the Virgin Church in Wales Primary School,Cardiff and Ysgol Gynradd Brynsierfel, Llanelli, who helpedcreate our Safer Internet Day promotional film in 2018.

PC Norris and Tarianat St. Mary the VirginSchool, Cardiff.

PC Jones at YsgolBrynsierfel, Llanelli.

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