science 5.1 knp pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Nervous SystemChapter 5 - Section 1
2
Nervous System
Nervous System
Any internal or external change that brings about a response is called a stimulus
Nervous System
Any internal or external change that brings about a response is called a stimulus
Noise, light, the smell of food, and the temperature of the air are all stimuli from outside your body.
Nervous System
Any internal or external change that brings about a response is called a stimulus
Noise, light, the smell of food, and the temperature of the air are all stimuli from outside your body.
Nervous System
Any internal or external change that brings about a response is called a stimulus
Noise, light, the smell of food, and the temperature of the air are all stimuli from outside your body.
Chemical substances such as hormones are examples of stimuli from inside your body.
Keeping everything in order
Keeping everything in order
The regulation of steady, life-maintaining conditions inside an organism, despite changes in its environment, is called homeostasis.
Keeping everything in order
The regulation of steady, life-maintaining conditions inside an organism, despite changes in its environment, is called homeostasis.
Examples: Regulating breathingRegulating heartbeatRegulating digestions
Nerve Cells
Neurons are made up of a cell body and branches celled dendrites and axons.
Axons carry impulses away from the cell body. The axon branches at the end to send the signal to many other muscles, neurons, or glands.
Types of Nerve Cells
Types of Nerve Cells
Motor Neurons ~ Sensory Neurons ~ Interneurons
Types of Nerve Cells
Motor Neurons ~ Sensory Neurons ~ Interneurons
Types of Nerve Cells
Motor Neurons ~ Sensory Neurons ~ Interneurons
Sensory neurons – receive information and send impulses to the brian or spinal cord, where…
Types of Nerve Cells
Motor Neurons ~ Sensory Neurons ~ Interneurons
Sensory neurons – receive information and send impulses to the brian or spinal cord, where…
Interneurons – relay these impulses to…
Types of Nerve Cells
Motor Neurons ~ Sensory Neurons ~ Interneurons
Sensory neurons – receive information and send impulses to the brian or spinal cord, where…
Interneurons – relay these impulses to…
Motor neurons – conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout the body.
Synapses
To move from one neuron to the next, an impulse crosses a small space called a synapse.
Synapses
Synapses
Synapses
Synapses
When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, the axon releases a chemical.
Synapses
When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, the axon releases a chemical.
This chemical flows across the synapse and stimulates the impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron.
Synapses
When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, the axon releases a chemical.
This chemical flows across the synapse and stimulates the impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron.
Your neurons are adapted in such a way that impulses move in only one direction.
Synapses
Synapses
The Central Nervous System
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
The Central Nervous System
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
CNS – The Brain
CNS – The BrainThe brain coordinates all of your body activities.
CNS – The BrainThe brain coordinates all of your body activities.
CNS – The BrainThe brain coordinates all of your body activities.
Made of 100 billion neurons
CNS – The BrainThe brain coordinates all of your body activities.
Made of 100 billion neurons
WHAT?!?! 100 billion.....
▪That is absolutely.....
CNS – The BrainThe brain coordinates all of your body activities.
Made of 100 billion neurons
WHAT?!?! 100 billion.....
▪That is absolutely.....
And that is only 10% of all the neurons in the human body.
CNS – The BrainThe brain coordinates all of your body activities.
Made of 100 billion neurons
WHAT?!?! 100 billion.....
▪That is absolutely.....
And that is only 10% of all the neurons in the human body.
The brain is surrounded by a bony skull and 3 membranes and a layer of fluid.
CNS – The Brain
CNS – The Cerebrum
CNS – The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of brain
CNS – The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of brain
CNS – The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of brain
This is where…thinking takes place impulses from the senses are interpretedmemory is storedmovements are controlled
CNS – The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of brain
This is where…thinking takes place impulses from the senses are interpretedmemory is storedmovements are controlled
CNS – The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of brain
This is where…thinking takes place impulses from the senses are interpretedmemory is storedmovements are controlled
The outer layer, called the cortex, is marked by many ridges and grooves (increasing the surface area).
CNS – The Cerebrum
CNS - Cerebellum
CNS - Cerebellum
What is interpreted in the cerebellum? Stimuli from the eyes and earsStimuli from muscles and tendons
CNS - Cerebellum
What is interpreted in the cerebellum? Stimuli from the eyes and earsStimuli from muscles and tendons
The cerebellum interprets this information and uses it to coordinate voluntary muscle movement, maintain muscle tone, and helps maintain balance.
CNS – The Cerebellum
CNS – The Brain Stem
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
Is made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
Is made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
Is made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
The midbrain and pons act as pathways to connect dif ferent parts of the brain with each other.
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
Is made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
The midbrain and pons act as pathways to connect dif ferent parts of the brain with each other.
CNS – The Brain StemThe brain stem is located at the base of the brain
and extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain and the spinal cord
Is made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
The midbrain and pons act as pathways to connect dif ferent parts of the brain with each other.
The medulla controls involuntary actions (heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure). It is also involved in actions such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting.
CNS - The Brain Stem
CNS – The Spinal Cord
CNS – The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is an extension of the brain stem.
CNS – The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is an extension of the brain stem.
CNS – The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is an extension of the brain stem.
It contains bundles of neurons that carry impulses between all parts of the body and the brain.
CNS – The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is an extension of the brain stem.
It contains bundles of neurons that carry impulses between all parts of the body and the brain.
CNS – The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is an extension of the brain stem.
It contains bundles of neurons that carry impulses between all parts of the body and the brain.
An adult spinal cord is about the width of an adult thumb and is about 43 cm long.
CNS – The Spinal Cord
CNS – The Spinal Cord
CNS – The Spinal Cord
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
Your brain and spinal cord are connected to the body by the peripheral nervous system.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Your brain and spinal cord are connected to the body by the peripheral nervous system.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Your brain and spinal cord are connected to the body by the peripheral nervous system.
The PNS is made up of 12 pairs of nerves from your brain called cranial nerves and 31 pairs from your spinal cord called spinal nerves.
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal nerves are made of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal nerves are made of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal nerves are made of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together.
In this way a single spinal nerve can have senses going to and from the brain.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal nerves are made of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together.
In this way a single spinal nerve can have senses going to and from the brain.
The Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal nerves are made of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together.
In this way a single spinal nerve can have senses going to and from the brain.
Some nerves contain only sensory neurons, and some contain only motor neurons, but most nerves contain both types of neurons.
The Peripheral Nervous System
PNS – Somatic and Autonomic Systems
PNS – Somatic and Autonomic Systems
Somatic System controls voluntary actions
PNS – Somatic and Autonomic Systems
Somatic System controls voluntary actions
It is made up of cranial and spinal nerves that go from the CNS to your skeletal muscles.
PNS – Somatic and Autonomic Systems
Somatic System controls voluntary actions
It is made up of cranial and spinal nerves that go from the CNS to your skeletal muscles.
Autonomic System controls involuntary actions (such as heart rate, breathing, digestion, glandular functions)
PNS
Safety and the Nervous System
Safety and the Nervous System
Any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious.
Safety and the Nervous System
Any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious.
Safety and the Nervous System
Any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious.
A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental and physical abilities.
Safety and the Nervous System
Any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious.
A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental and physical abilities.
Safety and the Nervous System
Any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious.
A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental and physical abilities.
Spinal cord injuries can be just as dangerous as a brain injury.
Safety and the Nervous System
Injury to the spine can bring about damage to nerve pathways and result in paralysis, which is the loss of muscle movement.
Safety and the Nervous System
Safety and the Nervous System
Safety - Reflexes
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Reflex – an involuntary automatic response to a stimulus.
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Reflex – an involuntary automatic response to a stimulus.
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Reflex – an involuntary automatic response to a stimulus.
You cannot control them because they occur before you are aware of them.
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Reflex – an involuntary automatic response to a stimulus.
You cannot control them because they occur before you are aware of them.
Safety - Reflexes
You experience a reflex when you touch something hot, or when you cough or vomit.
Reflex – an involuntary automatic response to a stimulus.
You cannot control them because they occur before you are aware of them.
They involve a simple nerve pathway called a reflex arc.
Safety - Reflexes
Safety - Reflexes
Safety - Reflexes
Safety - Reflexes
Safety - Reflexes
Reflexes allow your body to respond without having to think about what action to take.
Safety - Reflexes
Reflexes allow your body to respond without having to think about what action to take.
Safety - Reflexes
Reflexes allow your body to respond without having to think about what action to take.
Reflex responses are controlled in your spinal cord, not your brain.
Safety - Reflexes
Reflexes allow your body to respond without having to think about what action to take.
Reflex responses are controlled in your spinal cord, not your brain.
Safety - Reflexes
Reflexes allow your body to respond without having to think about what action to take.
Reflex responses are controlled in your spinal cord, not your brain.
Your brain acts after the reflex to help figure out what to do next to stop the pain.
Drugs and the Nervous System
Drugs and the Nervous System
Many drugs, such as alcohol and caffeine, directly affect your nervous system.
Drugs and the Nervous System
Many drugs, such as alcohol and caffeine, directly affect your nervous system.
Drugs and the Nervous System
Many drugs, such as alcohol and caffeine, directly affect your nervous system.
When swallowed, alcohol passes directly through the walls of the stomach and small intestine into the circulatory system.
Drugs and the Nervous System
This drug slows the activities of the central nervous system and is classified as a depressant.
Drugs and the Nervous System
This drug slows the activities of the central nervous system and is classified as a depressant.
Drugs and the Nervous System
This drug slows the activities of the central nervous system and is classified as a depressant.
Heavy alcohol use destroys brain and liver cells.
Drugs and the Nervous System
Drugs and the Nervous System
•Caffeine is another drug that can affect your nervous system.
Drugs and the Nervous System
•Caffeine is another drug that can affect your nervous system.
•Too much caffeine can increase heart rate and aggravates restlessness, tremors, and insomnia in some people.
Drugs and the Nervous System