science 9 unit a biological diversity section2 lesson4 asexual sexual reproduction
DESCRIPTION
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Budding Spore Production Vegetative Production Binary Fission Plant Reproduction Animal ReproductionTRANSCRIPT
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Science 9
Unit A: Biological Diversity
Science InAction 9
Asexual and Sexual ReproductionSection 2.2: Pages 30-36
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Lesson #4Learner OutcomesLearner Outcomes
I can I can distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction, and identify and interpret examples of asexual and sexual reproduction in different species.
I can compare sexual and asexual reproduction, in terms of the advantages and disadvantages
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Asexual Reproduction
• Involves only one parent – offspring are identical to the parent.
4 Main Types
• Binary Fission
• Budding
• Spore Production
• Vegetative ReproductionWhat type is this?
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Binary Fission• Only single-celled
organisms reproduce in this way.
• The cell splits into two cells and each one is identical.
Eg. bacteria, amoeba, algae
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Budding• Parent organism produces a
bud (a smaller version of itself), which eventually detaches itself from the parent and becomes a self-sufficient individual.
• Identical to the parent.
• Eg. Coral, hydra, yeast, coral
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Spore Production• spores are similar
to seeds
• produced by the division of cells on the parent, not by the union of two cells
• Eg. fungi, green algae, moulds, ferns
• One parent may produce many spores, each of which will grow into a new individual, identical to its parent.
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Vegetative Reproduction• is the reproduction of a plant not
involving a seed, including; cuttings, runners, suckers, tubers.
• Eg. coleus plant, spider plants, strawberries, aspen, potatoes
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Parthenogenesis
• Occurs in some species of social insects, snakes and some plants
• Means “virgin birth”
• Unfertilized eggs become mature organisms
• Eg. Unfertilized ant eggs become male drones and fertilized ones become female workers and queens
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Sexual Reproduction
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Sexual Reproduction• Involves two individual organisms.
• The offspring that are produced from this union have a mix of characteristics, half from one parent and the other half from the other parent.
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Sexual Reproduction• Does not always involve
male and female parents, but can have specialized gametes
• Gametes are reproductive cells that have only one role - to join with another gamete during reproduction
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Sexual Reproduction in Animals
• In animals involves gametes.
• The male gametes are called sperm cells, and the female gametes are called egg cells (ova)
• These cells unite to form a fertilized combination of cells called a zygote
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Sexual Reproduction in Animals
• This zygote will begin to divide (cleavage) into two cells and this continues to be repeated over and over resulting in the development of an embryo
• This embryo develops into a multi-cellular organism inside the female (in most mammals) or, outside (in an egg shell) in other animals
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Human Reproduction
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Frog Reproduction and Life Cycle
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Sexual Reproduction in Plants
• involves male gametes and female gametes that join, during fertilization, to produce a zygote and then an embryo
• Most plants produce both male and female gametes, while some produce one or the other only
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Plant Reproductive Parts
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Roles of Plant Reproductive Parts
• Pollen contains the male gametes and is found on the stamen
• Ovules contain the female gametes and are found in the pistil
• Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil
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Cross Pollination
• Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from one plant is carried to the stigma of another plant by wind, water or animals (bees or butterflies)
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Roles of Plant Reproductive Parts
• Cross-fertilization occurs when a grain of the pollen forms a long tube, which grows down the style into the ovary.
• The gametes unite to produce a zygote, which then develops into an embryo
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Roles of Plant Reproductive Parts
• This usually happens inside a seed, which protects the embryo and provides food (cotyledon) for the embryo when growing conditions are right.
• Plants which are produced, as a result of cross-fertilization, are not identical to either plant.
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How do the different types of reproduction affect variation?
Asexual Reproduction• Does not require specialized
cells to produce a new plant.
• Reproduce quickly.
• Little variation.
• Population may be wiped out quickly when the environment changes.
Sexual Reproduction• Lots of variation
within the species.
• Takes a lot of energy to reproduce.
• Reproduce small populations.
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Organisms that reproduce asexually and sexually
Sponges • Most plants that produce seeds
can also reproduce asexually (cuttings, runners)
• Depending on the
environmental conditions the amount of energy varies, enabling the plant organism to control its population.
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Sample Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. There are different forms of reproduction in organisms. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. A hydra reproduces asexually when it produces a smaller version of itself by …
A. budding B. binary fission C. spore production D. vegetative reproduction
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Sample Multiple Choice Questions
Q2. When a plant cutting produces a new individual, it does so without the formation of a seed. This type of asexual reproduction is called …
A. budding B. binary fission C. spore production D. vegetative reproduction
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Sample Multiple Choice Questions
Q3. This diagram illustrates the parts of a flower.
The stamen is the … A. female part B. male part C. seed producing part D. zygote producing part
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Sample Multiple Choice Questions
Q4. Some plants and animals can reproduce asexually and sexually. Alternating between these types of reproduction enables the organism to be …
A. identical to their parents in all aspects B. much like their parents C. very different from their parents D. identical to parent plants every other
generation
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Sample Multiple Choice Questions
Q5. Sexual reproduction is very advantageous because it provides lots of …
A. identical organisms B. variation among the speciesC. energy for the species to survive D. similar copies of the parent
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Multiple Choice Question Answers
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. B
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Assess Your Learning
• Page 37
• Questions 1-8
Social and Environmental Context
Questions 1-2
Be prepared to do the Lab on Investigating Flower Reproductive Structures