Science And EngineeringScience And Engineering

Chapter 1

Section 4

Checks for Understanding

• 0807.Inq.2 Identify tools and techniques needed to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data collected from a moderately complex scientific investigation.

• 0807.T/E.3 Explore how the unintended consequences of new technologies can impact society.

• 0807.T/E.4 Research bioengineering technologies that advance health and contribute to improvements in our daily lives.

 

I can explain how science, technology, engineering and mathematics are related. I can identify ways that technology responds to social needs.I can identify ways that technology responds to political needs.  I can identify ways that technology responds to economic needs. I can explain the engineering design process for developing new technologies. I can describe technology in terms of its intended benefits. I can describe technology in terms of its unintended consequences.

• QUIZ: What is TECHNOLOGY?– A space suit?

– The internet?

WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?

• The application of knowledge, tools, and processes to solve practical problems and extend human capabilities.

– A newborn baby?–Grass? –An inoculation

against smallpox?–A hammer?--A chair?

How is TECHNOLOGY different than SCIENCE?

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

Technology is the application of

knowledge.

Science is the accumulation of

knowledge.

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY is the use of

knowledge to turn resources into the

goods and services that

society needs.

SCIENCE is the study of

WHY natural things happen the

way they do.

SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST

Use the materials in the earth to make useful objects.

Study how the earth was formed

and what it is made from.

SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST

Build and launch space shuttles and satellites.

Study the relationship between the

earth, planets, and the stars.

SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST

Technologists create new

materials with improved

characteristics.

Study materials under a microscope

to learn why they have the

characteristics that they do.

Except: Scientists can only

Except: Scientists can only

grow nanotubes an inch

grow nanotubes an inch

long! Check back in 20

long! Check back in 20

years!years!

Nanotubes can make

Nanotubes can make

electrical wires that

electrical wires that

don’t loose electricity

don’t loose electricity

through heat!

through heat!

SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST

Make artificial hearts and

limbs.

Discover the way the human body

works.

SCIENTIST TECHNOLOGIST

Use codes to develop new

medicines and vaccines.

Discover genetic codes that

determine the nature of life.

SCIENTISTS & TECHNOLOGISTSARE A TEAM!

ScientistsBiologists, chemists, and physicists are…

Architects, engineers, product designers and technicians are… Technologists

SCIENCE answers the question…

WHY?WHY?Why does

Why does

the heart the heart

beat?beat?

Why does Why does lighting lighting strike?

strike?Why do Why do

geese fly geese fly

south for the south for the

winter?winter?

Why is the

Why is the sun hot?

sun hot?

Why are Why are teenagers so teenagers so

moody?moody?

Why does this material release Why does this material release electricity when exposed to

electricity when exposed to the sun?the sun?

Why does this chemical Why does this chemical

react with this one? react with this one?

Why do we get Why do we get

cancer?cancer?

Why do we Why do we

age?age?

Why does Why does glass break?glass break?

Why do Why do

some people some people

struggle with struggle with

their weight?their weight?

Why do people from Asia Why do people from Asia look different from people

look different from people in South America?in South America?

Why does the moon

Why does the moon

look like cheese?look like cheese?

Why do we hear Why do we hear when someone when someone talks?talks?

Why do we Why do we have have

families?families?

Why is the Why is the average average global global

temperature temperature rising?rising?

Why do we have

Why do we have

earthquakes?

earthquakes?

TECHNOLOGY answers the question…

HOW?HOW?How can we

How can we

make an make an

artificial

artificial

heart?heart?

How can we

How can we avoid being

avoid being hit by hit by lighting?

lighting?How can we How can we

moniter gees moniter gees

flying south flying south

for the for the

winter?winter?

How can we

How can we protect protect ourselves

ourselves from the

from the sun?sun?

How can we How can we make make

teenagers teenagers less moody?less moody?

How can we make electricity How can we make electricity

with the sun?with the sun?How can we make a non-How can we make a non-

explosive gasoline? explosive gasoline?

How can we stop How can we stop

cancer?cancer?

How can How can

we stop we stop

aging?aging?

How can we How can we make an make an

unbreakable unbreakable glass?glass?

How can we How can we

stop stop

obesity?obesity?

How can we best How can we best transport people from transport people from Asia to South America?

Asia to South America?

How can we land on

How can we land on

the moon?the moon?

How can we help a

How can we help a deaf person to hear?

deaf person to hear?

How can we How can we create a home create a home for a family?for a family?

How can we How can we end global end global warming?warming?

How can we make How can we make

buildings buildings

earthquake-proof?earthquake-proof?

Engineering is the process of creating the technology

• Engineers use science and mathematics to create new technologies that serve human needs

Fix Broken Cars

Design Medical

Equipment

Build new wind

turbines

Design sport shoes

Create a sculpture

What do Engineers Do?List the ones you think apply

http://nsdl.org

Fix Broken Cars

Design Medical

Equipment

Build new wind

turbines

Design sport shoes

Create a sculpture

technician technician artisan

What do Engineers Do?

http://nsdl.org

What are some things engineers design?

Medical Equipment

Bio-fuels

Transportationhttp://nsdl.org

What are some things engineers design?

Wind Power

Tunnels

Structureshttp://nsdl.org

Engineering Design Process

common to all designed items

Define Problem or Need

Select & Test

Propose Design

Solutions

ResearchInvestigateGather Info

AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions

What order is typically followed?

Order the steps below from 1 to 5…

AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions

Engineering Design Process

Define Problem or Need

Select & Test

Propose Design

Solutions

ResearchInvestigateGather Info

What similar things exist?

BrainstormingDoes solution meet need?Proof of

concept

Does it work?

Modify & redesign

Engineering Design Processoften common, every day issues

Define Problem or Need

Issue: Hand dryers in public restrooms do not dry hands effectively.

• Need solution that dries hands in an amount of time & dryness acceptable to 80% of people.

• New design must cost no more than 1.5 times of current dryers.

http://nsdl.org

Engineering Design Processoften common, every day issues

Define Problem or Need

Now it’s your turn!

Think about some common or not so common problems or needs you have observed

Let’s take 2 minutes and generate some ideas

http://nsdl.org

Engineering Design ProcessWhat are some problems or needs that you think engineers should address?

Define Problem or Need

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

http://nsdl.org

AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions

Engineering Design Process

Define Problem or Need

Select & Test

Propose Design

Solutions

What similar things exist?

BrainstormingDoes solution meet need?Proof of

concept

Does it work?

Modify & redesign Research

InvestigateGather Info

Engineering Design Process

Consider the hand dryer example. Engineers might:

• Conduct survey/study to determine the drying time and level of dryness acceptable to 80% of

people

• Explore alternative methods (to forced hot air) to dry hands

ResearchInvestigateGather Info

http://nsdl.org

Engineering Design Process ResearchInvestigateGather Info

Let's find out what this audience finds acceptable for hand drying time. Record your answer on your notes:

2 sec

4 sec

6 sec

8 sec

10 sec

12 sec

14 sec

16 sec

0 sec

http://nsdl.org

Engineering Design ProcessResearch

InvestigateGather Info

Based on their research and the information they gather engineers will propose a design and decide what prototype they will need to build and test

http://nsdl.org

Engineering Design Process

Per qualitative or quantitative rating system, a final design is selected. The final design is then thoroughly tested.

There is always more than one possible way to solve a problem …. lots of brainstorming involved. This is where really creative ideas come from.

Select & Test

Propose Design

Solutions

Engineers evaluate multiple design solutions to determine if and how well they meet the design criteria.

AnalyzeEvaluateSolutions

Cost-Benefit Analysis

• Engineers make sure that the cost of designing and producing the new product is worth its benefit

Communication• Just like scientist

engineers need to share their successes, failures and reasoning with others.

• Communication through journals and other sources allows engineers to improve their designs

Intended versus Unintended

• An intended benefit is the positive purpose for which a technology is designed to be used

Identify two positive and two negative effects that airplanes have had on society

• Unintended consequences can have a negative impact on society

10 Characteristics of Technology

1. Technology is evident in all cultures.2.is knowledge based

3.is fundamental to humanity4.is fundamental to survival5.extends our capabilities6.is accumulative7.alters our culture8.is future oriented9.is observable

10.seeks harmony

Bioengineering

• The application of engineering to living things, such as humans and plants.

Plants are Texting for Water Thanks to High-Tech Sensors

Assistive Bioengineering

• Results in a product or process that helps living organisms but does not change them permanently

Adaptive Bioengineering• Results in a product or process

that changes living organisms

Cochlear Implants

Doctors replaced the 62-year-old man's unhealthy heart with a CardioWest artificial heart during a four-hour procedure. The polyurethane heart—a temporary fix—will keep him alive until a well-matched human heart becomes available.

REVIEW

• What is the definition of What is the definition of technology?technology?• Which is the technologist: Biologist or Architect?Which is the technologist: Biologist or Architect?• What is engineering?What is engineering?• Why should an engineer communicate his or her Why should an engineer communicate his or her

results?results?• What are the characteristics of technology?What are the characteristics of technology?• WHO ASKS HOW? WHO ASKS WHY?WHO ASKS HOW? WHO ASKS WHY?• What is bioengineering?What is bioengineering?