Science And Technology

Conor KempWill Dobson

Connor HauptAlec Guttas

Chapter 11 Middle Ages

• Longbow• British got it from Welsh• Used to counter French cavalry armed with crossbows

during hundred year’s war• Much faster and stronger than crossbow • Without the crossbow, French would easily beat English• Longbow could pierce armored knights, no reason to

wear heavy armor now• http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/categories/hyw1

.htm for more on the hundred year’s war

Chapter 12 Renaissance

• Brunelleschi’s dome• Florence• Amazing example of

architecture during the Renaissance

• Leonardo invented various gadgets

Chapter 13 Reformation

• Printing Press• Actually invented during

Renaissance• Allowed for quick

production of books, magazines, and novels

• Lutheran’s ideas could spread faster

• Formation of Protestantism

Chapter 14 Exploration

• Lateen sails• Allowed ships to sail

against the wind• Able to make voyages to

the new world• Responsible for expansion

and colonization

Chapter 15 State Building

• Peter the Great of Russia• After seeing western Europe

he tried to westernize Russia• This included bringing

Western technology back to Russia.

• Many of his reforms improved Russia’s military

• http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/petergreat.html for more information of his reforms

Chapter 16 Scientific Revolution

• Church was challenged in Reformation• Thoughts toward a geocentric view of the

world• Nicolaus Copernicus- sun in the center of the

universe, book on revolution of plantes• Tycho Brache- studied the stars on his island,

took an apprentice by the name: Kepler

Cont.

• Johannes Kepler- orbits of planets elliptical, planet’s orbit times are different, faster toward the sun

• Galileo Galilei- objects move at accelerated speeds until stopped, principle of inertia

• ^ church called him a heritic, forced him to recant his theories

• Church now views science as a threat

Cont. 2

• Isaac Newton- book principia, laws of gravitation,

• http://gravitee.tripod.com/toc.htm for more information on Principia

Chapter 17 Enlightenment

• Medicine• Universities started to

stress clinical experience

• Surgeons had more training, dissected corpses, studied anatomy

• Physicians became licensed

Chapter 18 International Wars

• One of the most important products of European industry in 18th century was textiles.

• Woolen cloth made up 75% of Britain's exports.

• Richard Arkwright invented the water frame• Was power by either horse or water and was

able to fulfill the large demand for yarn because of its revolutionary spinning speed.

Chapter 19 French Revolution• The French Revolution was a

time of panic and disorientation, thus there was no time to think about advances in science

• Guillotine was invented to quickly and painlessly decapitate its victims during the revolution

• Before, nobles and peasants were killed differently, so the guillotine (invented by Dr. Guillotine) stood for equality as well as terror.

Chapter 20 Industrial Revolution

• The steam engine was invented by James Watt.

• Revolutionized production of goods.• Allowed factory system to spread to other

areas of production.• Richard Trevithick pioneered first steam

powered locomotive.• Revolutionized transportation of goods.

Cont.

• George Stephenson was able to improve the speed capacity of the steam powered locomotive.

• In 1830 Stephenson’s Rocket clocked at 16 miles per hour.

Cont. 2

• Factories were created• Allowed technology to

replace skill• Skilled workers were

becoming obsolete• Working conditions

were much worse than the workers were used to when working from home

• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRpunishments.htm Child Labor

To see our video againhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIn8jhDs9Yo