science (and technology) driven oil spill preparedness ......may 06, 2019 · loss of subsea well...
TRANSCRIPT
© Copyright Oil Spill Response Limited.
Sea Grant Workshop
St. Petersburg, Florida
April 24, 2019
Paul Schuler
Director, External Affairs, Americas
Oil Spill Response Limited
Science (and Technology) Driven Oil Spill
Preparedness & Response
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2010 Dispersant Science & Oil Spill Plans
1:20 Dispersant to Oil Ratio
5 gallons per acre
50 liters per hectare
Ref: 0.1mm oil thickness.
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Active Monitoring (Natural Degradation)
– Modeling, Surveillance, Visualization
Source Control
Containment, Protective Booming, Mechanical Recovery
Chemical Dispersants
In-situ Burn
Shoreline Clean-up
What Are Your Response Options?
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Response Strategy(s) Drivers
• Health & Safety: Community, Responders
• Feasibility: Weather, Geography
• Type & Fate of Spilled Oil
• Resources at Risk & Environmental Sensitivities
• Stakeholder Priorities (shoreline vs. water column)
• Available Response Resources (Science & Technology)
• Realistic Expectations
• Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA)
• Match Effectiveness of Response with Scale of Spill
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From IPIECA Report Series Volume 4
TROPICS Field Study
Panama
1984-2016
Net Environmental Benefit
Analysis (NEBA)
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Preparedness Equipment & Training – December 2009
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Mobilization and Deployment for Response
Operating Base Dispersant Supply & Resupply
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Untreated Slick
Slick remains on surface
Movement Subject to winds
Oil Adheres
Oil Persists
Removes wind vector
Stabilized droplets
Does not adhere
Allows for diffusion
/dilution
Increases surface area for
biodegradation
Dispersed Oil
Trade-off shoreline v. water column
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Oil Movement on Sea’s Surface
OSRL
100%
3% wind
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Biodegradation of Dispersed Oil
ExxonMobil
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COREXIT 9500A Ingredients(FDA Food Grade Surfactants)
ExxonMobil/NALCO
DOSS
Docusate Sodium
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GDS - Dispersant Stockpile
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What would a response look like?
Tiered Preparedness & Response:– Local, National, International Resources
NEBA/SIMA – (Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
– Spill Impact Mitigation Analysis
Simultaneous Operations (Surface, Aerial, Subsea)– Mobilizations, Logistics, “Prudent Over-reaction”
– Remote Sensing
Logistics/Transboundary Coordination, (Mutual Aid)
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Loss of Subsea Well Control
Objectives of Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI):
– Chemically disperse the released oil
– Reduce oil droplet size to less than 100 µm (microns)
– Impede oil from rising to the sea surface
(IPIECA–IOGP, 2015)
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VOCS, Scale, Encounter Rate
Courtesy of Ocean Imaging
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OSRL B727 Spray Aircraft
+ Global Dispersant Stockpile
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Survey & Debris Clearance
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BOP Intervention
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Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI)
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In-Situ Burn
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Containment and
recovery
Surface containment and
recovery
Large range of recovery
devices to suit the oil
viscosity.
High-volume offshore
recovery skimmers also
available
Equipment is designed
for use on most vessels
of opportunity
Temporary storage
equipment for recovered
oil
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Mobilization of Capping Stack
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Introduction to SWIS Equipment
Capping Stack Systems (CSS)
Fully assembled caps which are response ready
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Air Freightable Capping Stack (An-124)
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Introduction to SWIS Equipment
Containment Toolkit
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Containment Boom
Source: CCA & EPA
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A Counter-historical Analysis of DWH cont’d
Physical Modeling (Mass Balance) (Deborah French-McCay)
– Volume of oil in water column vs. Volume surface/ashore
– Extent of Oiling, surface areas swept by oil (shoreline thresholds per API CRA)
Comparative Risk Analysis (Michael Bock, Deborah French-McCay)
– Multiply extent by Relative Density of Flora, Fauna
– Factor Relative recovery rates
– Trade-off: water column vs surface/shoreline
– Population Densities (depth vs. surface/shoreline)
– Dilution potential
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6 Counter-historical Cases
Actual* (best estimated) response utilized for DWH (baseline)
Actual response utilized for DWH minus use of any dispersant.
Actual response for DWH incident minus SSDI
Actual response, assuming SSDI DOR recommended to the FOSC (1:100)
Actual response using SSDI DOR that disperses most of the oil (1:20)
No response (i.e., no removal, burning or dispersants used).
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Offset Installation Equipment
Deployment by Air
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Industry Collaboration & Communication
JIP Good Practice Guides
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IOGP’s Global Incident Response Group
Governments, regulators, NOIA, OSROs and industry initiatives
PREVENTIONBetter capabilities and practice
in well engineering design and
well operations management
INTERVENTIONImproved capping response in the
event of an incident and to study
further the need for, and feasibility
of, global containment solutions
RESPONSEEffective and fit-for-purpose
oil spill response
preparedness and capability
In response to GIRG, the industry created three separate activities
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OSR: Good Practice Guides
STRATEGY
Preparedness and Response Framework
Incident Management Strategies
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
RESPONSE
Surveillance
Dispersants: Sea surface
Dispersants: Subsurface
Mechanical Recovery
In-Situ Controlled Burning
Shoreline Response Planning and SCAT
Shoreline Cleanup Techniques
Inland Responses
Waste Management
Oiled Wildlife Management
Environmental Assessment and Restoration
Economic Assessment and Compensation
Responder Health and Safety
PREPAREDNESS
• Contingency Planning
• Sensitivity Mapping
• Tiered Preparedness & Response
• Training
• Exercise Planning
IMPACTS
• Impacts on Marine Ecology
• Impacts on Shorelines
• Impacts on Freshwater Ecology
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*Economic Assessment and
Compensation
*Environmental Impact
Assessment
Surveillance, Modeling, and Visualization
Offshore Surface Dispersants
Offshore Subsea Dispersants
In-situ Controlled Burning
At-sea Containment and Recovery
Protection of Sensitive Resources
Shoreline and Inland Assessment (SCAT)
Shoreline Cleanup
Inland Response
Oiled Wildlife Response
*Waste Management
*Stakeholder Engagement and
Communication
*Source Control
15 Good Practice Guidance for an Holistic Oil Spill Capability
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Tampa Oil Spill, 1993
Oil from a tank-barge spill off St. Petersburg in 1993 collects along the beaches of Treasure Island. About 12.5 miles of
beaches on barrier islands, from Redington Shores to St. Pete Beach, were affected. COURTESY OF NOAA
RESTORATION CENTER, SOUTHEAST REGION / 1993
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Summary JIP/JITF Program Resources
American Petroleum Institute (API)/Joint Industry Task Force (JITF) Website (Factsheets and Reports):
– http://www.oilspillprevention.org/oil-spill-research-and-development-cente
OGP/IPIECA JIP Website:
– http://oilspillresponseproject.org
OSRL Subsea Well Intervention Services (SWIS):
– http://www.oilspillresponse.com/files/dispersantfactsheet2013-2.pdf
OGP Arctic JIP:
– http://www.arcticresponsetechnology.org/