TEMPERATE RAINFOREST

Jenny L

ABIOTIC FACTORS Sunlight Precipitation Climate/Temperature Water Soil Clouds

COMMON PLANTS & ANIMALS Big coniferous trees

Douglas fir Western red cedar Mountain hemlock Western hemlock Sitka spruce Lodgepole pine

Deciduous trees in warmer spots Big-leaf maple

Mosses Lichens Stinging Nettle Fireweed Salmonberry

Deer Bears Coyotes Slugs Birds Elk Fish Squirrels Chipmunks Wolves Foxes Snakes Frogs

CLIMATE

Four distinct seasons with a distinct winter

Temperature rarely drops below freezing (0°C)

Usually does not exceed 27°C in the summer

Average precipitation is 200 cm, depending on the temperature

WORLD DISTRIBUTION

Along the northwestern coast of North America from Northern California through Southern Alaska

Southern Chile, New Zealand, Australia, etc

BIOACCUMULATION Climate change Pollution Alien species (invasive) Humans

INTRUSIVE SPECIES Deer in the Haida Gwaii archipelago

Affect the undergrowth and threat the regeneration of cedar

White Pine Blister (Fungus) targets coniferous tree seedlings, and therefore has altered forest structure severely.

Rats and raccoons, the introduced predators They hunt the indigenous birds called the

“Ancient Murrelet” at the birds’ nesting sites. Invasive Plants:

Himilayan Blackberry English Ivy Scotch Broom

They can spread easily and are capable of dominating indigenous plants of the biome

ENERGY FLOW Food chain

SYMBIOSIS

Bees pollinating flowers- Mutualism

Fungus and algae- Mutualism Provides vitamins to the

fungi, and the fungi protects it from drying

An opossum dens with a woodchuck for warmth- Commensalism The woodchuck is not

helped or hurt

SUCCESSION Primary succession (starts with bare rock exposed by

geologic activity) Rock -> Lichen -> Moss -> Grass -> Shrub -> Trees -> Oak

Hickory Forest Secondary succession (starts with soil from which

previous community has been removed) Grass -> Shrub -> Trees -> Oak Hickory Forest

PREDATOR-PREY

Snake-Squirrels/Chipmunks

Bear-Fish Raccoon-Squirrel Cougar-Deer/Elk Trout-Water strider Raven-Pacific tree frog