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General Science Let 08

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GENERALEDUCATIO

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NaturalSciences)

ContentUpdate: Basic

concepts andPrinciples


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Introduction:Science is,

indeed, oneof the most

importantsubject areas

in


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todayscurriculum. Much

emphasis havebeen to this

field of study.Life has been

increasinglyinfl


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uenced byscience and

technology inour pursuit of a

morecomfortable

lifestyle. Techn


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ology is theapplication of

the scientifictheories and

laws. Theinventions

intelecommuni


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cation andtransportation

have drawn theworld smaller

and smaller.Withthe advent

of information


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can be relayedto other parts

of the word injust a matter

of seconds.The recent

breakthroughs


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in geneticmapping have

made itpossible

toidentity theuseful and bad

genes that will


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result to thebreeding of a

betterspecie.All these

have made lifemore

convenient


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than ever.However, these

technologymayalso pose

hazard tomankind if not

used properly.


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The mobilephones

couldsabotagethe economy of

a particularcountry. The

ever-increasing


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number ofvehicleshas

been badlychanging our

climaticcondition.Scien

ce can be a


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vehicle toinculcate

values on theproper use of

technologythatbring both

advantages and


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disadvantages.The natural

sciencesreview shall

focus on thefollowing

objectives:1.U


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t i l izescientific

knowledgein the

preservationof human

life


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andconservation of the earths

resourcesrelate

scientific

theories ofactual


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happeningsand natural

and man-inducedcalamit

ies

utilizedbiological


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knowledge andtheories in the

improvementof the quality

of life and

applyknowledge and


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theories ofphysical

sciences in theimprovement of

life2.Applyscientific

knowledge


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andprinciples for

theimprovement

ofhumanresourc

es and socio-


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economicdevelopment3.

Identifyproblems

and suggestsolutions

related to


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personalandcommunity

healthI.What is

Science?It presents a

systematized


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body ofknowledge,

structured butnot rigid.

Thecontents orfacts of this

knowledge are


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gatheredthrough keen

observationandrelentless

experimentation whereby the

ideas


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generated arealso products

of furtherinvestigations.S

cience is notonly a mere

body of


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knowledge. Itis a search for

answerstoquestions, or

of solutions toproblems,

using the


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process skillsof

observing,inferring,

experimenting,and the

like.a.Natural


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Science is awide field of

studycompressing

biological andphysicalscienc

esb.Biological


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Sciences dealswith life and

has manybranches. The

twogeneralbranche

s are botany


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(the study ofplants) and

zoology (thestudy of

animals).c.Physical Sciences

any of the


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naturalsciences

dealing withinanimate

matter orwithenergy as

physics,


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chemistry, andastronomy

collectively.Generated

knowledge orinformation

through


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scientific studyabout

livingand non-living things

and theprocess skills

of science are


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used as toolsorvehicles for

addressing theneeds and

concerns ofsociety.


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II .What isTechnology?

An appliedscience. It can

be an invention,a gadget, a

process or just


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an improvedprocedure. Tec

hnology as aproduct may be

a gadget, tool,device, piece

of equipment,


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machine orinstrument. Or

may be aconsumer

item, such asseedlessgrapes,

powered mild


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biodegradablesoap and

Styrofoam. Theprocess of

reproducingwhole plants

from its issue


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or plant tissueculture isan

example of thiskind of

technology, sois skin grafting.


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St. Louis Review

Center, Inc-Davao

Tel. no. (082) 224-

2515 or 222-87321

Powdertechnology

involves the


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making of drymaterials with

particlediametersof

100micrometers

(mm) or


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less.Powdersare converted

from bulksolids using

mechanicalprocesses

whichsubject


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the mumps toocontact forces.

The lumpsbreak up into

very muchsmallerparticle

s, the size of


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which dependsnot only on the

forces appliedbut also on

thenature of thematerial.III.


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Basic Goals ofScience

Education:The teaching

of science at alllevels (from

elementary to


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secondarytotertiary level) is

carried on forthree basic

reasons:a)toprepare

scholars in the


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discipline (pure

scientists)b)toprovide

individualswith a

background


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in science oftechnological

orprofessionaloccupations (

appliedscientists)c)to

provide


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individualswith a

backgroundscience as

part of theirgeneraleducati

on of effective


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citizenship ( theordinary

citizen)Morespecifically, the

basic goal is toproduce a

populace


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withbasicunderstanding

of theprinciples of

science, theability to

utilize he


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technologyavailable and an

interest in andappreciation

for science. (THE

DEVELOPME


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NT OFASCIENTIFIC

ALLYLITERATE

CITIZENRY). The

identified


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constructs ofScientific and

technologicalLiteracy (STL)

belowwerebased on

studies made


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by scienceeducators and

researchersusing the

followingbehavior indicators:A.


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Nature ofScience and

Technology- a teacher

demonstratesanunderstandin

g of the nature


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of science andtechnology

when he/she:-

exhibitsknowledge of

background on


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the history anddevelopment,

thephilosophy,and the

sociology ofscience and

technology


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-

appreciates theempirical

nature and

objectivity ofscience and

technology-


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recognizes theworks of

scientists andthe nature of

thescientificenter

priseThe


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dimensions ofthe nature of

science, basedon the

interdependentrelationship of

process and


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productsare:1)Scienc

e proceedsas a se r ies

ofapproximat i

o n s 2 ) S c i e


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n c e i st e n t a t i v e

3)Scientificknowledge

is capable ofpublic

empirical


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test4)Science proceeds

on theassumption

that t ime,space and

matter


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arereal andthat nature is

consistent5)Eve ry e f f ec t

has a causetha t can be

qua l i f i ed6)


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There is nosingle

method ofscience but

manydifferent

possible


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waysofconducting

investigations.B.

Concepts andPrinciples o


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Science andTechnology

Ateacherdemon

stratesknowledge of

the basic


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concepts,principles of

scienceandtechnology

when he/she:-


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-

applies scienceand technology

concepts,

principles andtheories in real-

life situations;


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i.e, in solvingeveryday

problems andmaking

decisions-


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showsfamiliarity with

the basicprecepts of

science andtechnology-


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communicateseffectively the

scientificknowledge to

bridge thegapbetween

the scientific


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knowledge tobridge the gap

between thescientificcomm

unity and thelay public. The

seven


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conceptualschemes

are:1)Allmatter is

composed ofunits called

fundamental


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particles2)Matter can be

classified inhierarchies

ororganization

al


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levels.3)Thebehavior of

matter in theuniverse can

be describedon a

statisticalbasi


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s . 4 ) U n i t so f m a t t e r

i n t e r a c tSt. Louis Review

Center, Inc-DavaoTel. no. (082) 224-

2515 or 222-87322You're reading a free preview.

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